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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Book of Kells-Chi Rho Page -Codex Ireland 800 C.E Ink and Pigment on vellum Chi Rho (Jesus Christ's initials) Time is before images are readily available so artists insert little seams -images- to be discovered every time the reader reads the book (usuallybuyer only has one book who will read this forever and to keep interested hidelittle images/symbols for later discovery) I.E Twolittle cats dresseed up as bishops and two micefighting over communion wafer Images of heaven is designed in here |
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Plate With Kufic Border Iran [back then persian] 10-12th Century Earthenware with black and white slip [earthenware would be red, painted fully white to make it resemble expensive china porcelain] “The beginning of knowledge isbitter to taste, but the end is sweeter than honey.” Calligrapher is commenting on his amazing design about how hard it was to plan the calligraphy out and to make it all fit. he was planning ahead and end result is beautiful. Life is hard and reward at end *back then art=perfection, mistake art was thrown out kufic=fancy writing |
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Alhambra Spain 1354 C.E. Muqarnas retreat palace for Muhammad V, last rulers of Spain Alhambra means red one Characterized by its technologies-aqueducts, fountains, getting water from underground to flow through fountains and canals into palace Muhammad's design of the palace: I'm not a show off, I have money and show it off in subtle ways instead of flashy ways. I'm powerful and in control and i know it, so I don't need to display it. Use of the fountain: show lots of $$$$, power/technological innovations, control over life b/c controlling the water and the aqueducts running to city I.E. of design is the fountain, fountains were $$$ but this fountain is engineered so that it trickles without disturbing the pool but you can hear the noise of it -Tinyniches, put them in at different angles and put in windows= creates fantastical shadows, giving illusions -made of little stecco, wood, tile [stecco-applied wet and hardens to a very dense solid] |
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Mamluk Oil Lamp Egypt 1329 C.E Glass, enameled & gilded Had loops, would be hung Enameled-powderedcolored glass, can apply to something, heat it up and melts to shiny color there is a cup symbol on it-commissioner is the cupbearerto the sultan, also blue enameled part describe the cupbearer Qu'ran inscription Artistis well-known and signs in inconspicious spot=the bottom of the most rounded part Lamp would be filled with oil-that's why it can stand up |
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Yusuf Fleeing Zulayhka Afghanistan 1488 By Bihzad-work for wealthy patrons Ink and Color on Paper From Codex Extraordinary attention to detail and 3D spaces can be conveyed graphically and spacially Lot of play with spacial representation, flat ornament,geometric Prophets have flames behind them Scene depicts: josef interprets pharoah’s dreams pharoah’s wife has the hots for josef and he is fleeing from her |
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Dome of Rock Jerusalem-Up at high point in jerusalem 691 C.E. Commissioned by CaliphAbd al-Malik ibn Marwan Aniconic Mausoleum format-central plan[comes from byzantines] use of familiarity, plus associated with worship of specific site Golden dome=meant to be seen from a distance, so that it looks like an ascending city to heaven (illusion from goldshine and blue), have viewing columns for it, Inside contains a rock with many scenes associated with it-abraham sacrificing his son, Muhammad where he makes his journey to Jerusalem, Many inscriptions-Making a statement that Islam is the more superior religion by correcting 'corrupt relig. views' [ also made to look bigger/more important than the site where Jesus resurrection] |
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Great Mosque of Cordoba Cordoba, Spain 785 C.E 960 c.e. Hypostyle-roof supported by pillars -Paidfor by Abd ar-Rahman -doubled arches (Makes it look like receding, Makes space look bigger than it actually is) Spolia-physical objects taken fromanother monument, the monuments/columns/arches taken from Roman Great mosque was renovated and there is an inscription on the ceiling of the mosque that tried to back up why he spent so much time and effort and $$$ and inconvenience for the people...was to please god with these beautiful decorations
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Great Mosque of Cordoba Cordoba, Spain 785 C.E 960 c.e. Mihrab-small niche place you imagine muhammed occupying, you don’t put anythingin there just place holder Inside mihrab, there is a qibla wall, which is a wall in the mosque that faces mecca |
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Fresco murals at Dura Europos Synagogue Syria 245 C.E. Fresco mural Iconic!? Can see the line where sand and rubble is. Synangogue-temple for jewish people Contains torah niche Episodes of the life of worship in history of jewish people A lot of scenes feature women [motherhood, wives, sisters à hints at egalitarian culture] Aniconic --> Iconic art (excuse that it is okay to have imagery as long as you don't worship and it is for teaching purposes) Thought judaism was aniconic, but these proves that it is iconic. |
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Torah Niche-alcove where the torah/scrolls would be kept, where Rabbi would get scrolls to do reading Torah would be read from left to right so scenes of Abraham killing son and then lost place of worship temple of solomon and then the menorah [at this point the menorah has been lost to the romans] MEANS "we are God's people and will one day go back to the promise land that has been taken from us" |
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Arch of Constantine Rome 312-315 C.E It is bigger than arch of titus and it has three arches opposed to one (shows Prowess) Spolia-built with different Roman monuments of all the good+reforming+ popular emperors--> shows that he will be a good emperor to the people |
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Old St. Peters Church Rome 320 C.E Basilica-like structure -Nave=raised central section -Clerestory= windows on 2nd floor -Apse=curved spot at end where altar is [for Roman architecture, where emperor statue was] -transcept-makesbuilding look like crucifix from bird’s eye view or God’s view -atrium-where baptism is [for Roman architecture, where the pool for bathing was] *conversion for Roman architecture for different functions to make it more familiar to its people First churches to be built after it became legal to build Christian churches |
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Church of St. Vitale Ravenna, Italy 547 C.E. Built on remains of St. Vitale Byzantine Mausoleum Central Plan Format [except octogonal shape] BUT Roman Basilica Structures |
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St. Vitale Ravenna Italy 547 C.E Mosaic over Apse -Gold and enameled glass Donor Image-Bishop Ecclesius offering up St. Vitale to angel who accepts on Jesus' behalf [he is on left of Jesus] Jesus is in middle, offering laurel to possible the other mosaic of Justinian |
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St. Vitale Ravenna Italy 547 C.E Mosaic of Justinian Picture of Justinian on the right of Jesus mosaic -is offering bread with his men in Chi Rho gear while in other mosaic Jesus is offering mosaic Byzantine Art Style -Frame decorations --> Green squares=emeralds and pearls -people aren't occupying real space b/c parallel to picture frame, feet aren't standing, all facing forward with little overlap, [Byzantine didn't care about the 3D real life look of bodies] -Byz. art cares about the flashy saturated colors and jewels, graphic presences **Justinian never set foot on this church, but painted him to show that they respect Justinian's rule and that Jesus is looking out for Justinian. |
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St. Vitale Ravenna, Italy 547 C.E. Mosaic of Theodora Notice that she is left of Justinian (*women are evil, are in damned side) Ladies on the left side of her processing standing next to his right hand man, not right next to him she is his queen, wearing headgear |
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Chartres Cathedral France 1150-1200 C.E. Medieval Gothic Pilgrimage Church-people go to this church en route of pilgrimage. Has reliquary (relic in a fancy box) Stone Labyrinth on inside that people can walk through-symbolizes the suffering journey of endurance during pilgrimage |
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Chartres Cathedral France 1150-1200 West Portal (Royal Portal) -west portal means the front door -tympanum -middle tympanum is of Jesus -left tympanum is showing Mary as throne of God, holding baby Jesus in her lap, [she represents education + humanities-she is goddess of higher learning,] often times surrounded by music, literature, rhetoric, arts. Annunciation and Visitation scenes: Angel is telling Mary she'll be pregnant and next sculptural statue she is pregnant next to her pregnant sister too. |
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Chartres Cathedral France 1150-1200 Door Jamb Statues: figures of the old testament -these form part of the door, look like columns -statues have no indication of body shape-just slender body shape -much drapery hanging off delicate curves -most of them wearing crowns b/c royal door plus remind people that Jesus is from royal family |
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Chartres Cathedral France 1150-1200 Annunciation is on left Visitation is on right Roman-esque style is on the right [characterized by the mastery of drapery] |
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Chartres Cathedral France 1150-1200 Rose Window Mary is in the center wearing a crown-Mary as queen and Throne of Jesus Mason Tracery-stone that holds the stain glass Fleur de Lys-royal symbol of royal family *everyone wearing crowns |
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Chartres Cathedral France 1150-1200 Tree of Jesse and Royal Heraldry Fleur de Lys -he gave birth to David, an ancestor of Jesus who became king -proves Jesus' royalty -shows family tree of kings to show that Jesus is royal |
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Annunciation from the Book of Hours for Jeanne d'Evreux France 1324 By Jean Pucelle Vellum -book of prayers with calendar -special kind of codex Mary is always on OUR right or the heraldic left [angel on other side b/c more holy] Angel is coming inside=she's getting impregnated Ceilingthere is a small dove coming through skylight Whitevase/pitcher-white and water= Mary is pure/a virgin Holding book of devotions/prayers-pure Maryis always walled inside--> she’s innocent doesn’t spend her timeoutside Bottom Images: guy pulling on lady to have sex, and the dirty girls are a foil for Mary These images are for Jean D'evereux to look at annunciation in addition to dirty pics -Double Function: shows what not to do, and shows dirty pictures to entertain Inside the D, he is reading the book of prayers |
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Maesta Altarpiece [is a reconstruction of panels] Italy 1310 Duccio Tempera and pounded on Gold leaf on Panel Tempera-painting using egg yolks (oil not created yet) *altarpiece=image behind altar for priest to look at when doing transubstantiation~13th c.e -congregation doesn't get to see it very well center is Mary being throne for Jesus scenes of life of Mary angels admiring Jesus she is wearing a Lapis Lazuli cloak based on st. luke portrait (byz. icon) each register has a roster of people -local and general saints, the apostles, etc -Iconography -Mary holds annunciation objects like book of prayers, dove, wearing lapis lazuli, dove, isolated architecturally, etc. Verso side=shows scnes of the ministry of Jesus |
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Scrovegni Chapel Italy 1305 Giotto -Youhave to wait for 15 minutes, while they completely exchange the dirty air for the fresh air so that there is nodirt inside -fresco even though looks like marble -inside decorated by Giotto + assistants -Giotto-poor shepard boy, accredited as the pioneers of Renassaince, focuses on depicting materialistic view of the human body, discovered by Cimbabue, said to be better than him |
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Scrovegni Chapel Italy 1305 Giotto -tympanum -mandorla in the center [almond aura] -Saints and angels -12 disciples -Implicationsof crucific and Jesus -Peopleof left hand side of Jesus=the damned -Scrovegni [donor image] and priest/spiritual advisor is giving this chapel to virgin Mary (church is a virgin body, Mary =church) -Angels pulling the sky, revealing heaven--> revelation, implies that material stuff doesn't matter but IRONY b/c Giotto is great at drawing materials in 3D i.e. drapery and he peaks businessmen's interests and the fact that you shouldn't be materialistic but this is what this painting is about -sluts were hung by their hair -people with moneybags-church was supposed to atone for greed |
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Tompleux cellsLookslike 3D spaces roofs*wheredo you sit? Sit underneath the good side or bad side ANNUNCIATIONCurtainspulled back to reveal annunciation Has curtains + men playing fake women --> scene is a play of them acting out annunciation Depictswhat’s real in our world not spiritual Left:guy in yellow with bag-Judas taking money for turning in Jesus (devil isaffirming his decision)Scrovegni’s daughters have to go through thisritual to learn greed is bad (has a lot of fortune due to father) –highlightedby sharp color Onthe right is what you should be doing –highlight by softer colors |
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----- 1 person from E.Y.C.K., he is J.A.N. 2 Ghent Altarpiece [can move, mult. pieces] Flanders 1432 Jan Van Eyck Oil On Panel -commissioner knows their cloth-expensive draperies -when closed, only for special occassions -two red ppl=donor images Grisaille [imitation of sculptures of patron saints] Annunciation -looks like there is real space b/c shadow casted from sunlight is in pic -the light source coming from right which is where real sun would shine at where it was placed |
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Ghent Altarpiece Flanders 1432 Jan Van Eyck Oil On Panel -when open -Jesus being offered up as lamb as sacrifice, blood is streaming towards the viewer due to perspective like a canal *when priest does transubstantiation looks like getting blood from lamb -Shiny jewels -renaissance paintings create illusions but gratify businessmen's taste of mastery at depicting materials for money -sharperintense colors than the other panels -virgin saints, john the baptist, eve on sides, |
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------1 person from E.Y.C.K., he is J.A.N. 4 Arnolfini Flanders 1434 Jan Van Eyck Background is their bedroom [back then their living rooms were their bedrooms] blessing gesture-like jesus when he is blessing draperies for bed is put up=you put down when cold Dog=Mrs. Arnolfini is loyal, plus mastery of drawing hairs Shoes taken off- bedroom/floor is holy ground= holy coitus stomach padded gown/stance: ready for her to be pregnant, demon on top of her hand-she's easy to succumb to sin, husband's role is steer her away from sin Orranges= can afford oranges. not native fruit, plus he is front of oranges-must intervene between the fruit Eve ate and lady Chandelier-one candle burning-annunciation All these holy references might be drawn for joke, making fun of the holiness of it all Signed obviously on wall, made it look like carved, first guy to sign conspicuously People in front of couple in mirror-is jan van eyck and his bro [he is front of painting and in back] |
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Competition Reliefs for the Florence Baptistry Italy 1401 Brulleschelli and Ghiberti
Panels for doors of a church Cultural thing where artists compete against each other
Abraham sacrificing Isaac and angel stopping him
Ghiberti won!!!!
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Ghiberti Extensivedetail-focus on muscle details, Greek/Roman Doryphoros look Emphasis on the beauty of the body People liked the new classical art trend Angel popped out of z-axis WON b/c easier to cast |
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Brulleschelli Ottonian style-sagging/twisting bodies, less emphasis on muscles -the figures doesn't occupy real space angel is flat |
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The Holy Trinity Massacio-smudgy style Italy-Florence 1435 Fresco 22 feet tall Orthogonals and Vanishing Point [v.p is at the stage] creates perspective to make argument Closer you are to God, farther you get into painting Congregation is farthest from God b/c you are farther than the stage Donor images on left and right, farther away from Jesus but closer than the congregation Duplication of Giotto's Jesus crucifixion Dove on top of Jesus = holy ghost |
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David Donatello Italy Mid 15th century Bronze, Gold Gilded at certain parts First full bronze nude since Anc. Rome 5ft + politicize figure Expensive to cast b/c so big Unknown base-inferred inscription at bottom with column-like base Commissioned by Medici Family Supposed to be at palazzo for Medici Fam Wings end right under his nuts and sword hilt looks like a penis, victory carriage on helmet is being pulled by cupids, Goliath's mustache is curling suggestively on his toe --> Donatello might have been gay or perogatives of a wealthy guy,get to play with the servant boys or best way to depict Roman art since Romans did homosexual acts with boys David looks like swift Mercury David=florence, underdog, Don't underestimate florence, can kill Milanos |
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Birth of Venus Botticelli Italy 1484 Tempera and Gold ON Canvas First ever canvas [panel is $$$ b/c no trees left] -maybe used as a banner to represent family wealth Renewal interest in nudity + myth -pose is from massacio, except this pose was orig. supposed to be modest and covering up---> now it is more about the erotica and suggestion Neoplatism-connect christianity w/ pagan myth to make it okay to draw Everyday she is born again a virgin from sea just like Mary is a virgin |
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The Last Supper Da Vinci Italy 1495 Oil and Tempera on plaster Orthogonal lines + horizon line is at Jesus' right eye--aligns with everyone else's In a cafeteria for priests Dramatic Composition: Jesus is center/triangle The other people clustered in three/freaking out in groups after hearing the news of Jesus' demise Guy with knife + keys + gray hair=peter Girl guy=John the evangelist, guy Jesus most loved so depicted as more feminine [different than most paintings, John is being thrown away from Jesus] |
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Mona Lisa Da Vinci Italy 1510 First OIL on Wood Sfumato-tiny layer of pigment w/ oil, glaze on top of glaze (40 on this), let dry for 2-3 months, leads to smoky effect, Continuously copied -originally had copies but cut down to fit frame Half smile Eye contact with you, frontal view 3/4 pose-facing towards you but body is 3/4 -implies gentle conversation but not too forward NOT too Fancy clothing Low cut shirt-modest but suggestive Hands fiddling with clothing gotten from husband, suggestive of appreciation/sexy Characteristics show her personality of mystery and secrets [emphasized by the sfumato] |
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Madonna of the Goldfinch Raphael-fameux socialite for producing madonnas Italy 1508 big enough for importance-not too big Geometrical organization-triangles -geometrical organization implies God's creation is all geometrically thought out, appreciation perfection depicts Jesus with cousin John the baptist wearing loincloth (attribute=he lives in the wild in the future) |
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Pieta/Pity Michelangelo Italy 1500 marble 5ft 8 in Comes to Rome to do this by cardinal Young Mary holding Jesus when he died, not logically make sense---there is a love relationship between the two as Jesus takes Mary as bride Conspicuous Michelangelo signature signed on her strap-signed saying from Florentine to show the Florentine prowess that Rome had to hire a guy from Florence to make amazing art In addition to signature, he says it is in the process of finishing and doesnt finish spelling the word to indicate that he got as close to perfection than anyone else but it is not perfection |
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Sistine Chapels-ceiling Michelangelo-did all by self 1508-1512 Italy Fresco Fluorescent colors Belvedere Torso-his muse for his bodies acorns everywhere-shoutout to Pope Ignudi-naked men meant to look good *wow pope allowed this? Sybls-very muscular women with books serving Much pain to paint on ceiling, wrote a poem about it, scaffolding Built for Pope Sixtus IV, based on temple of solomon audience are the cardinals noah's ark=sistine chapel Depicts Genesis [God's creation --> Noah's ark and his drunkery] Where pope usually would stand, the painting over him is Universe being created Where audience stands which is near door, the painting is noah's drunkery Closer you are to pope, closer you are to God's grace and his purity Closer you are to door, farther away you are to God Peripheral sections=civils (women foretelling future) and prophets Jesus is depicted the painter of the world, creating light and dark, creating Adam, creating sun and moon----uses difference in composition of God and other objects like Adam/use of compositional meaning and spiritual meaning |
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Sistine Chapels-The Last Judgment Michelangelo Italy 1536 Fresco Fluorescent Colors --this is behind the pope had to be censored the characters wore tiny loinclothes..ppl were offended..too many naked ppl.. there was a bishop that opposed it and Michelangelo drew him as Mitus, fat with snakes biting his balls and having a terrible time depicts Jesus coming back dividing the damned and saved a.k.a delivering last judgment Jesus doesn't have beard=throwback to early days depiction of him-he was a sheperd boy Clockwork circularity of damned and not damned Mary is leaving b/c Jesus has come -done her job Michelangelo is depicted as St. Bartholomew skinned alive version of him--self deprecation to tell God that he has sinned |
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Venus of Urbino Titian 1538 Oil on Canvas Italy-ASSOCIATED w/ Venice [Venice gained rep through Titian works] Commissioned for Wedding Venice art style: emphasize color and its luxury opposed to Florentine's emphasis on composition *Locality of art making gradual movement of contour, no rippling muscles, focus on the pure soft fleshy part of body [more fem.], fluid vs. angular lines, high class b/c oil shows prowess of fleshy quality depiction--able to show how amazing the flesh is Romantic Feel -Dog--> loyalty/fidelity -Servants-->wealthy,high class, not slut -Eye contact with coy look, plus shoulders angled a little towards you--"have sex with me" -sexual/modesty gesture: i'm covering myself up/i'm touching myself, have sex with me -left hand has good smelling beautiful flowers: show similarity to her - - |
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St. Lazare-Tympanum at West Portal 1120 France
Gislebertus
Depicts The Last Judgment
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Medici Family |
Botticelli works for Medici Family Really rich family full of monarchs, cardinals, priests, etc., business**, Bankingfamily-invented new accounting techniques Cosimo-great advocate of the arts, spentmuch money on arts and libraries, ruler of arts |
