Aqa Core Science Chemistry

Front 1

What is the Atomic number?

Back 1

Number of protons in an atom

Front 2

What is the Mass number?

Back 2

Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Front 3

How are the elements arranged on a modern periodic table?

Back 3

It is arranged in order of atomic number.

Front 4

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

Back 4

Mass - Atomic number

Front 5

How is the periodic table grouped?

Back 5

In terms of electronic structure I.e elements in same group have same number of electrons in their highest energy level this gives them similar chemical properties.

Front 6

How are compounds formed?

Back 6

When elements react their atoms join with other atoms to form compounds.

Front 7

Explain what an ion is and how it is formed.

Back 7

It is formed by atoms giving and taking of electrons to either complete their outershell or lose elctrons to gain an outershell. They are then attracted to eachother like magnets since they are positively and negatively charged.

Front 8

Explain what a covalent bond is and how it is formed.

Back 8

Covalent bonds are formed when two elements react together by sharing electrons to form molecules. Covalent bonds are stuck together since they are sharing electrons unlike ionic bonds which are only attracted to eachother and can easily be broken apart.

Front 9

Metal atoms lose electrons to...

Back 9

...form positive ions.

Front 10

Non-metal atoms gain electrons to...

Back 10

...form negative ions.

Front 11

What do metal atoms have to do to form a positive ions?

Back 11

They have to lose an electron.

Front 12

What do non-metal atoms have to do to form a negative ion?

Back 12

Gain an electron.

Front 13

Compounds consisting of ions are formed between what?

Back 13

Metals and non metals.

Front 14

Compunds consisting of molecules are formed from what?

Back 14

Between non metal atoms.

Front 15

Atoms in molecules are held together by what?

Back 15

By covalent bonds.

Front 16

What is an element?

Back 16

A substance made up of one type of atom.

Front 17

What do group 1 elements react vigorously with and what do they produce?

Back 17

They react with water to produce an alkaline solution and hydrogen gas.

Front 18

What has does group 1 metals react rapidly with and what does it produce?

Back 18

Oxygen and it produces a metal oxide.

Front 19

What is so special about group 0 or the noble gases?

Back 19

They are all unreactive elements because their atoms have full outershell of electrons.

Front 20

Which element from the noble has group has 2 electrons in its outershell instead of 8?

Back 20

Helium

Front 21

What do scientists use chemical formulae to show?

Back 21

1.) Different elements in a compound.

2.) Number of atoms of each element in a compound.

Front 22

Name 3 facts about limestone.

Back 22

1.) Sedimentary rock.

2.) Consists mainly of calcium carbonate.

3.) Is cheap and easy to obtain and has many uses.

Front 23

How can limestone be used?

Back 23

1.) As a building material.

2.) For making cement, mortar and concrete.

Front 24

What is one weakness of limestone as a building material?

Back 24

Can be eroded by acid rain but is a very slow process.

Front 25

What is thermal decomposition in terms of limestone?

Back 25

When calcium carbonate is heated in a kiln till it decomposes.

Front 26

What does thermal decomposition cause limestone to do?

Back 26

It causes the calcium carbonate to break down into calcium oxide and calcium dioxide.

Front 27

What does calcium oxide reacted with water produce and what properties does it have?

Back 27

It will produce calcium hydroxide and can neutralise soils and lakes to prevent crop failure.

Front 28

What charge do atoms have?

Back 28

No charge overall. They are neutral.

Front 29

Why are atoms neutral?

Back 29

Because they have the same amount of electrons as they do protons.

Front 30

What happens if some electrons are added or removed?

Back 30

The atom becomes charged and is then an ion.

Front 31

What factor decides what the type of atom is?

Back 31

The number of protons in the nucleus.

Front 32

How is cement made?

Back 32

Limestone heated with clay

Front 33

How is mortar made?

Back 33

Cement mixed with sand and water.

Front 34

How is concrete made?

Back 34

Cement mixed with sand and aggregate (water and gravel)

Front 35

Calcium carbonate (Limestone) can be decomposed upon heating (thermal decomposition) to make which two compounds?

Back 35

Calcium oxide

Carbon dioxide

Front 36

What is the chemical test for carbon dioxide gas?

Back 36

Carbon dioxide turns limewater cloudy.