Apush Chapter 17, 18, & 19: Manifest Destiny And Sectionalism

Front 1

Why was John Tyler on the ticket as VP?

Back 1

-only on ticket to attract democrats (anti-Jacksons)
-after Harrison's death, whigs assumed he would sit back and let them control everything

Front 2

What happened when Tyler was elected?

Back 2

-Tyler took charge of presidency and actually disagreed with many whig programs
-did not appoint a new VP
-vetoed bill to recharter National Bank
-he was expelled from the whig party
-all of cabinet resigned except for Daniel Webster

Front 3

Why did Webster not resign?

Back 3

he was working on a the Webster-Ashburton Treaty with Britain

Front 4

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

Back 4

??

Front 5

Sources of tension between US and Britain

Back 5

Caroline Incident
Creole Incident

Front 6

Caroline Incident

Back 6

-residents in east Canada revolted against Britain
-rebels chartered an american steamship, the Caroline, to bring them food and other supplies to Canada through the Niagra Falls
-British capture the ship, burned it, and killed an American

Front 7

Creole Incident

Back 7

-An American ship was transporting slaves from Virginia to New Orleans
-slaves mutinied, took control, and sailed to the Bahamas
-British men in Bahamas freed the slaves

Front 8

Manifest Destiny

Back 8

-"white man's burden"
-spreading of beliefs, religion, etc.
-Americans felt that they wouldn't be truly unified until they were spread from sea to sea

Front 9

What factors contributed to American expansion in thee 1840s?

Back 9

Manifest Destiny
Goldrush

Front 10

Oregon Fever

Back 10

American desire to get to Oregon for resources

Front 11

What four nations originally had claims to Oregon Country?

Back 11

Russia, Spain, US, and Britain

Front 12

What were most American's demanding by 1845?

Back 12

Oregon

Front 13

Why did Polk settle the Oregon dispute

Back 13

There was a looming threat of war with Mexico
-decides to settle the boundary of Oregon at the 54 40 and 49 parallels

Front 14

What was the main issue in the presedential election of 1844?

Back 14

whether or not to annex Texas

Front 15

Candidates of election of 1844

Back 15

Henry Clay vs. Polk
-Clay was a Whig; Polk a Democrat
-there was a third party (the Liberty Party)
-Polk won :: elected because he hadn't cause any problems (had no enemies yet

Front 16

dark horse

Back 16

an underdog
-someone who unexpectedly wins

Front 17

What did John Tyler do in response to Polk's election?

Back 17

annexed Texas
-Tyler interpreted Polk's victory as encouragement
-inresponse, Mexico broke off diplomatic ties with US
-Mexico declared that the Texas border was the Nueces River
-Texans said it was the Rio Grande

Front 18

Slidell Mission

Back 18

John Slidell is sent to Mexico with an offer of $25 million dollars to give up California and New Mexico
-Mexico won't even accpet them

Front 19

Immediate cause of Mexican war

Back 19

Mexicans attacked Americans stationed at Rio Grande River

Front 20

Mexican name for Mexican War

Back 20

War of American Invasion
-Mexico considered the Texan boundary the Nueces River
Therefore, when American soldiers were stationed at the Rio Grande, Mexico saw that as an invasion into Mexico

Front 21

According to President Polk, what caused the war?

Back 21

American blood was spilled on American soil

Front 22

What was the Mexican War critically referred to as?

Back 22

Americans called it "Mr. Polk's War"

Front 23

Spot Resolution

Back 23

Abraham Lincoln challenged Polk to prove that the bloodshed occurred on Ame. soil.

Front 24

Wilmot Priviso

Back 24

David Wilmot proposed that any territory acquired from Mexico would remain free

Front 25

Three theaters of the Mexican War

Back 25

Mexico
New Mexico
California

Front 26

Stephen Kearny

Back 26

traveled the Santa Fe Trail and captured Santa Fe

Front 27

John C. Freemont

Back 27

-explorer
-led the Bear Flag Revolt
-Americans in California staged a revolt led by Freemont
-crushed the Mexican resistance before Kearney even got there

Front 28

Hero of Buena vista

Back 28

Zachary Taylor
-"old, rough, and ready"
-defeated Mexico in Battle of Buena Vista
-he was quickly becoming popular and Polk wanted to reduce competition so he pulled Taylor out of the main war and ensuing negotiations

Front 29

Winfield Scott and the Halls of Montezuma

Back 29

Polk sends Scott to Mexico from where he was stationed in New Orleans
-Scott and his army had to move against Mexico City
-it was a 300 mile uphill march

Front 30

Treaty of Guadalupe

Back 30

1. Mexico ceded California and New Mexico (Mexican Cession)
2. US paid Mexico 15 mill and paid off their debts to US
3. Mexico relinquished all claims of Texas and agreed that the Rio Grande was the official boundary of Texas

Front 31

Consequences of Mexican War

Back 31

-13000 Americans died (most from disease)
-America grew almost a third in size
-Latin Americans saw us as the northern bully
-American relations with Mexico grew sour

Front 32

When and where was gold first discovered in California?

Back 32

1848
- Sutter's Mill
-Sutter owned a wooden mill
-his employees would go to the stream for water and notice shiny gold things

Front 33

When did California apply for statehood and why?

Back 33

1849
-with the gold rush, tons of people were migrating to California
-California needed law and order to control the people

Front 34

Why did California's application for statehood cause a dilemma?

Back 34

at the time, there were 15 free states and 15 slave states

Front 35

Presidential Election of 1848

Back 35

Polk decides not to seek re-election due to severe stomach issues
-Lewis Cass : democrat nominee
-Zachary Taylor : whig
VP : Millard Fillmore
-Martin van Buren : free soil party
*Taylor wins

Front 36

What issues confronted newly elected Taylor?

Back 36

1. California's application for statehood
2. Texas and New Mexico were feuding over the western boundary of Texas
3. Washington DC wanted to abolish slavery b/c having slavery in the capitol made it seem like all of America approved of it/ had it
4. Southerners want stricter fugitive slave laws

Front 37

Compromise of 1850

Back 37

-proposed by Henry Clay
1. California goes in as a free state
2. Texas will yield and drop boundary issue ; they are to be compensated with 10 mil
3. Slave trade will be abolished in DC
4. stricter fugitive slave law - those who dont follow are fined and imprisoned
5. popular sovereignty will dictate slavery status of the rest of the states from mexico
-Taylor's tragic death leads to both sides accepting
-North benefits the most

Front 38

The New Party and its Leaders

Back 38

The republican party came about as a one idea party : anti-slavery
-Abe Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Charles Sumner, Thasdeus Stevens, Edwin Stanton, William Seward, Stephen Douglas

Front 39

Presidential Election of 1852

Back 39

-marks the end of the whig party (Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John C. Calhoun are now all dead)
-party is spitting over slavery
Winfield Scott vs. Franklin Pierce
Scott - whig : last ever whig candidate
Pierce - democrat : doe face
*Pierce wins

Front 40

doe face

Back 40

pro southern northerner

Front 41

Gadsden Purchase of 1853

Back 41

-talk of transcontinental railroad
-negotiate with Mexico to get a small strip of land to build rail road on
-Gadsden negotiated and created the Gadsden Purchase : 10 mil for small strip
-construction never happens

Front 42

Ostend Manifesto

Back 42

1. several ministers (foreign ambassadors) met in Ostend, Belgium
-came up with a proposal for Spain that they would pay 120 mil for Cuba
-Ame. threatened that if Spain refused they would take it by force : Spain still refused
-this top secret negotiation is leaked
-Northerners are appalled at what the south will go through to add slave states
*increased tension and undercurrent between north and south

Front 43

Abolitionist Movement

Back 43

Harriet Tubman: underground railroad
Fred Douglas: newspaper : The North Star
William Loyd Garrison: antislavery newspaper : The Liberty
-liberty laws forbid officials from assisting in the capture and return of slaves
Harriet Beacher Stow: Uncle Tom's Cabin
-300,000 copies sold
-moved people to hate slavery

Front 44

Who was president when trade was opened with Japan? Who opened up trade?

Back 44

Filmore; Matthew Perry

Front 45

"So your the little lady who started this great war?"

Back 45

Abe Lincoln to Harriet Beacher Stow

Front 46

Stephen Douglas

Back 46

-had aspirations for presidency
-Illinois senator
-wants to make a name of himself
-devises a reckless schemes; doesn't care about union
-wants the 1st transcontinental railroad to by in the middleand go through Chicago
-most of it would have gone through empty lands

Front 47

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Back 47

proposal to organize the unorganized territory
-popular sovereignty is to determine slave status of state
-North and south like this
North : no slave owners in kansas
South: all ow pop sov

Front 48

Lecompton Constitution

Back 48

Pierce was pro south
-ansures that Kansas will be a slave state
-rejected by people's votes
-Kansas enters union as free

Front 49

Election in Kansa to decide slave status

Back 49

pro-slavery people send a bunch of ppl into Kansas to vote
-there ends up a majority vote for slave state
-anti slavery and pro slavery factions split in Kansas and create 2 governments
Anti Slavery is based in Lawerence
Pro Slavery is in Potawatomie Creek
*fraudulant : the people who voted didnt actually live in Texas

Front 50

John Brown

Back 50

fanatical antislavery person who believes he was sent by God to rid the earth of slavery

Front 51

Sack of Lawerence

Back 51

proslavery sacks city of Lawerence
-no one killed or injured
-just damaged property

Front 52

Potawatomie Massacre

Back 52

Brown lead an attack on proslavery ppl
-Brown was upset with Lawerence b/c they didnt resist
-he went in with swords and hatchets and killed 5 ame.

Front 53

Kansas nickname

Back 53

bleeding kansas

Front 54

The Crime Against Kansas

Back 54

charles sumner, MA senator
-he attacks the southern proslavery senators
-singled out Andrew Butler : he had a speec impediment, everyone liked and respected him
-Charles mocks Butler and Butlers nephew, Preston Brooks beats him almost to death

Front 55

Presidential Election of 1856

Back 55

rupublican nominates John C. Freemont
-democrats nom. James Bucanan
-know nothing party : Filmore
-Bucanon wins

Front 56

fire eaters

Back 56

southerners who threatened to suceed from union if a republican was elected

Front 57

Panic of 1857

Back 57

1. California Gold rush caused inflated currency
2. over expansion of credit and land
3. failure of Ohio life insurance comp.
4. war in Britain

Front 58

Who was hardest hit by panic?

Back 58

north
-blamed depression on low tariffs and foreign competition
South walks away thinking they have a superior economy

Front 59

Dread-Scott v. Sanford

Back 59

-Dread was a slave owned by an army surgeon
-he traveled with the surgeon and lived in Illinois for 5 years
-abolitionists convinced him to sue owner on the grounds that once you've lived in a free state, slaves are free
-Roger Taney, a slave owner judge appointed by Jackson, declared that Dread was not a citizen of US and didnt even have the right to sue

Front 60

Historical Significance of Lincoln-Douglas debates

Back 60

Lincoln was a poor boy born in a log cabin
-wanted the senate seat so he challenged Douglas
-they had a series of open debates
-Lincoln knew that Douglas was well known and having debates with Douglas boosted Lincoln's rep
-Lincoln actually was very good but Douglas won

Front 61

Freeport Doctrine

Back 61

Loncoln asked Douglas what he planned to keep slavery from spreading
- Douglas replied that the people of a territory can stop slavery by not passing laws to protect slave owners

Front 62

John Brown pt 2

Back 62

-he and his followers plan a rebellion
-they seize a federal arsenal and went around to plantations and gave slaves weapons
-Robert E. Lee was sent to capture Brown
-Brown was charged with treason, tried, and hanged
: he is considered an martyr to the north

Front 63

Presidential Election of 1860

Back 63

hinged war or peace
-democrats had 2 candidates
Stephen douglas : supporter of pop sov
John c. Breckinridge
-republicans
Abe Lincoln : won by 39% due to deparation of demo party
-anti slavery, protariff, pro homestead

Front 64

How did the south react to lincoln's election

Back 64

south carolina called a special convention and adopted the ordinance of Secession
-6 weeks later, 6 more states left : TX. LA, MS, AL, GE, FL

Front 65

Crittenden Compromise

Back 65

John Crittenden proposed an amendment that we should just adopt slavery wherever it goes
-Abe Lincoln REJECTED