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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Define the following terms:
a. Atom b. Molecule c. Photosynthesis d. Metabolism e. Receptors f. Precocial g. Altricial h. Cell |
1. a. Atom – The smallest chemical unit of matter
b. Molecule – Two or more atoms linked together to make a substance with unique properties c. Photosynthesis – The process by which green plants and some other organisms use the energy of sunlight and simple chemicals to produce their own food d. Metabolism – The sum total of all processes in an organism that convert energy and matter from outside sources and use that energy and matter to sustain the organism’s life functions e. Receptors – Special structures that allow living organisms to sense the conditions of their internal or external environment f. Precocial – A term used to describe offspring that are born able to hear, see, move about, regulate body temperature, and eliminate waste without a parent’s help g. Altricial – A term used to describe offspring that are born without at least one of the following abilities: hear, see, move about, regulate body temperature, or eliminate waste h. Cell – The smallest unit of life in creatio |
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2. What are the four criteria for life?
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2. The four criteria for life are:
I. All life forms contain deoxyribonucleic (dee ahk’ see rye boh noo klay’ ik) acid, which is called DNA. II. All life forms have a method by which they extract energy from the surroundings and convert it into energy that sustains them. III. All life forms can sense changes in their surroundings and respond to those changes. IV. All life forms reproduce. |
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3. What does DNA provide to a living organism?
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3. DNA provides the information necessary to turn lifeless chemicals into a living organism.
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4. Compared to other molecules, is DNA big or small?
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4. It is big. In fact, DNA is one of the biggest molecules in creation.
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5. Does DNA store its information more efficiently or less efficiently than a computer?
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5. DNA is significantly more efficient at information storage than the best computer human science
can make. |
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6. DNA is made up of two basic parts: the backbone and the nucleotide bases.
a. Which part stores the information? b. Which part forms the double-helix structure? |
6. a. The nucleotide bases store the information. Remember, the sequence of adenine, thymine,
guanine, and cytosine is the code that stores the information. b. The backbone forms long ribbons that twist to make the double helix structure. |
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7. Which nucleotide base will link to adenine? Which will link to cytosine?
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7. Thymine links to adenine, and guanine links to cytosine.
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8. One half of a portion of DNA has the following sequence:
cytosine, guanine, adenine, guanine, thymine, thymine What is the sequence of nucleotide bases on the other half of this portion? |
8. The relationship in #7 allows you to determine the other half of the DNA, because only adenine and
thymine can link up. Similarly, only cytosine and guanine can link up. guanine, cytosine, thymine, cytosine, adenine, adenine |
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9. One half of a portion of DNA has the following sequence:
thymine, guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine, guanine What is the sequence of nucleotide bases on the other half of this portion? |
9. The relationship in #7 allows you to determine the other half of the DNA, because only adenine and
thymine can link up. Similarly, only cytosine and guanine can link up. adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, adenine, cytosine |
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10. What is the name of the chemical that plants make for food?
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10. Plants use photosynthesis to make their own food, glucose.
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11. What is the name of the chemical that plants often store their food as?
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11. Plants often store food as starch.
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12. For most organisms, metabolism requires food and something else. What is that something else?
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12. Metabolism requires food and oxygen.
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13. Metabolism produces energy and usually two other things. What are they?
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13. Metabolism usually produces energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
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14. An organism’s receptors no longer work. Which of the four criteria of life will the organism not
be able to perform? |
14. The organism will not be able to sense and respond to change.
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15. Consider the difference between a shark and an anchovy. Both are fish. The first is a fierce
hunter that rarely is eaten by any other animal. The second is a major source of food for many other fish in the sea. Which would you expect to have more offspring: two shark parents or two anchovy parents? |
15. The anchovy parents will have many more offspring, because so many anchovies get eaten that
many must be born to “replace” them. |
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16. Every once in a while, a female cat will be born sterile. This means that the cat cannot have
kittens. Does this mean that the cat is not alive, since it cannot reproduce? |
16. No, it does not. The cat is still alive, because its cells can reproduce.
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17. Is the population of people on this earth becoming a problem?
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17. No, it is not. The speed at which the human population is increasing has been slowing every year.
Also, there is more food per person today than ever before. Finally, the cost of raw materials is lower than ever. Thus, there are no indicators that point to trouble. |
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19. In which organelle is most of the DNA stored?
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19. DNA is stored in the nucleus.
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20. How many basic kinds of cells are there? Name them.
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20. There are three basic kinds of cells: plant cells, animal cells, and cells from bacteria.
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21. If a scientist uses a microscope to examine a cell from a mouse, a cell from a leaf, and a cell from
a cat, how many different basic kinds of cells will she see? |
21. The scientist will see two basic kinds of cells. The leaf cell will be a plant cell, and the mouse cell
and cat cells will both be animal cells. |
