Apologia Biology Module 14 Set 2 Review

Front 1

A leaf cannot get the carbon dioxide that it needs for photosynthesis. What, most likely, is wrong?

Back 1

The stomata are not opening. This is a problem with the guard cells.

Front 2

Why can't the parenchyma be made of two layers of palisade mesophyll?

Back 2

If both layers were palisade mesophyll, there would be no room for carbon dioxide to get into the leaf or oxygen to get out.

Front 3

Why are most leaves green?

Back 3

The chlorophyll in their chloroplasts gives them their color. The more chlorophyll-containing cells there are in a section of leaf, the darker green that section is.

Front 4

Why is the underside of the leaf usually a lighter shade of green than the top side of the leaf?

Back 4

This is because the top of the leaf has the palisade mesophyll, where the chlorophyll-containing cells are packed together tightly. The underside of the leaf, however, contains the spongy mesophyll, where the chlorophyll-containing cells are not packed as tightly.

Front 5

Why are some leaves not green then? Why are they yellow or orange?

Back 5

In most leaves, the green color of the chlorophyll overwhelms the oranges and yellows of the carotenoids. In other plants, however, the amount of carotenoids is greater, and the leaf picks up some color from them.

Front 6

Only certain trees have leaves that change color in the autumn. Which trees are these?

Back 6

deciduous trees

Front 7

Why do deciduous plants lose their leaves in the winter?

Back 7

Deciduous plants lose their leaves in order to conserve water throughout the winter.

Front 8

If you take a deciduous plant from Pennsylvania, and drive it to Florida, it will keep its leaves all year long. True or false?

Back 8

False. The abscission layer is not affected by temperature.

Front 9

In order to see brilliant reds, oranges, and purples in the Fall leaves, what weather conditions are ideal?

Back 9

cool and sunny weather

Front 10

Why do some leaves turn a boring brown?

Back 10

Some leaves do not produce pigments other than chlorophyll. As a result, when they die, they just turn brown.

Front 11

True or False? When you drink tea, you are actually drinking the remains of dead leaves.

Back 11

True, and isn't that just a great way of phrasing that??? :o)

Front 12

There are a few leaves, such as the floating leaves of a water lily plant, in which the stomata and the spongy mesophyll are on the top side of the leaf while the palisade mesophyll is on the bottom. In these leaves, which side will have the darker green color?

Back 12

The underside of the leaf will be darker, because in these leaves, the chlorophyll-containing cells are packed more tightly on the underside of the leaf.

Front 13

If a leaf isn't green, does that mean there is no chlorophyll in it?

Back 13

No. The color of the chlorophyll may be masked by other pigments.

Front 14

If a green leaf has no abscission layer, what color will the leaf be in the winter?

Back 14

Without an abscission layer, there is nothing to cut off the flow of nutrients. This means the leaf will not fall off the tree and will remain green all winter

Front 15

The roots of a plant perform which three very important functions?

Back 15

First, they absorb water and nutrients from the plant's surroundings and transport them to where they are needed.

Second, they anchor the plant.

Finally, they are often used as a place for food storage.

Front 16

All roots are below ground, in the soil where they get their nutrients. True or False?

Back 16

False. Some plants have ariel roots, some sink their roots into a host, and still others use their roots to hold onto rough surfaces above ground. (an example is ivy)

Front 17

There are basically two kinds of root systems in plants. What are they?

Back 17

fibrous root systems and taproot systems

Front 18

Most plants need significantly more surface area in their root system than in their leaves. Thus, the root systems of most plants are significantly larger than the part of the plant that exists above the soil. True or false?

Back 18

True

Front 19

A root is split into what four basic regions?

Back 19

root cap,
the meristematic region,
the elongation region, and the maturation region.

Front 20

In what area of the root are root hairs found?

Back 20

in the maturation region

Front 21

In the root of a dicot (the plants that have leaves with netted venation), the xylem usually forms what type of shape?

Back 21

an X-shape

Front 22

A 12-foot high plant has a root system that travels to a soil depth of only three feet. Does this plant have a taproot system or a fibrous root system?

Back 22

a fibrous root system

Front 23

If a root contains little cortex tissue compared to similar roots, what function can you conclude the root does not perform?

Back 23

With little cortex tissue, the root will not store substances.

Front 24

stems perform what three basic functions in a plant?

Back 24

First, they support and manufacture the plant's leaves. Second, they conduct water and nutrients to and from the leaves. Finally, they carry on photosynthesis.

Front 25

What similarities do monocot and dicot stems share?

Back 25

*Both are covered with an epidermis, which protects the stem.
*They also both have fibrovascular bundles.
* Each stem has a cortex, which contains photosynthetic cells and also stores starch.

Front 26

What is the main difference between the monocot and dicot stems?

Back 26

The main differences between monocot and dicot stems are the fibrovascular bundles and the ways in which they are arranged. In monocot stems, the bundles are located throughout the stem. In dicot stems, however, they tend to form a ring near the outer part of the stem.

Front 27

Which stems have pith tissue? Monocot or dicot?

Back 27

dicot

Front 28

What shape does the monocot stem look like?

Back 28

the xylem and air spaces are arranged to form what almost looks like a monkey's face. The phloem form the forehead of the face.