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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aphasia
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-General term used to describe a number of separate but related syndromes
-Breakdown in the ability to formulate, retrieve, or decode language -Most frequently caused by Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) (Stroke) -Vascular damage to cortex may affect Movement &/or Sensation &/or Cognition |
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Movement in Aphasia
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-Left cerebral hemisphere controls movement in right side of body
-Right hemisphere controls left side of body |
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Movement
Hemiplegia |
paralysis of one side of the body
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Movement
Hemiparesis |
weakness or incomplete paralysis on one side of the body
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Sensation in Aphasia
Vision |
-Humans have binocular vision
-Visual pathways are partially crossed |
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Vision
Hemianopsia |
Damage either to the optic tract or to the area of the cortex that receives visual impulses, causing loss of vision to one half of the visual field
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Vision
Homonymous |
Loss of the same visual field of both eyes
(may also be binasal or bitemporal) |
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Sensation
Hearing |
Usually doesn't affect acuity
but may affect auditory processing |
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Cognition in Aphasia
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-Language is a function of the left cerebral hemisphere
-Nonverbal aspects of cognition are a function of the right hemisphere -except localization |
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Cognition
Left Hemisphere and Aphasia Posterior Speech Areas- Wernicke's Area |
-reception and analysis
-fluent aphasia -jargon (in wernicke's aphasia) -paraphasias and inappropriate words (in conduction aphasia) -problems with auditory and reading comp, word retrieval |
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Cognition
Left Hemisphere and Aphasia Anterior Speech Areas- Broca's Area |
-nonfluent aphasia
-comprehension generally intact -slow labored speech lacking normal flow and intonation -disordered or missing grammatical elements and word endings (agrammatism) |
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Associated Problems with Aphasia
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-Dysarthrias
-Apraxia -Dementia -Dysphagia -Perseveration-repetition of correct response beyond.. -Paraphasias-little lang. probs. reversals of sounds/words -Lability-unable to supress (lymbic system problem) |
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Global Aphasia
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-Generalized impairment of ALL language function
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Prognostic Factors of Aphasia
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1. age at onset
2. adaptive behavior and education 3. handedness 4. associated problems 5. etiology 6. severity 7. site and size of lesion 8. premorbid communication needs |
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Prognostic factors of aphasia
age at onset |
50
people below 50 stand a better chance at recovery |
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Prognostic factors of aphasia
Adaptive behavior and education |
people with a higher IQ or more formal education stand a better chance of recovery
learn new ways of compensating |
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Prognostic factors of aphasia
Handedness |
-left handed people have a better chance of recovery
-usually left hemisphere is dominant -if your left handed-higher chance to have right dominant hemisphere |
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Prognostic factors of aphasia
Associated problems |
the more associated problems the less chance of a full recovery
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Prognostic factors of aphasia
Etiology |
-If caused by vascular problems (blood flow) less chance of compensation
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Prognostic factors of aphasia
Severity |
The more severe the stroke, the lower prognosis
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Prognostic factors of aphasia
Size and site of lesion |
larger the damage area is, less likely prognosis
if parietal or temporal there is a better prognosis |
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Prognostic factors of aphasia
Premorbid communication needs |
what types of needs they had before the stroke
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Etiologic factors of Aphasia
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1. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
2. Trauma 3. Infection 4. Neoplasms |
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Etiologic factors of Aphasia
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) |
A. Ischemic (occlusive) stroke- deprivation of blood supply
i. Thrombosis-an accumulation of platelets and plaque at site ii. Embolism- platelets and plaque break off and travel and become lodged in smaller vessel iii. Infarction- metabolism stopped for over 2 min. necrosis to neural tissue B. Hemorrhage- aneurysm or hematoma |
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Etiologic factors of Aphasia
Trauma |
Blows to head, gunshot, or stab would
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Etiologic factors of Aphasia
Infection |
meningitis
encephalitis abscess |
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Etiologic factors of Aphasia
Neoplasms |
gliomas
astrocytomas meningiomas |
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Attentional Impairments in Aphasia
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1. Arousal-physiological and behavioral readiness to respond
2. Vigilance-ongoing sensitivity to stimulation 3. Orientation-direction of attention toward a stimulus 4. Sustained attention 5. Selective attention 6. Alternating attention 7. Divided attention |
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TBI definition
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-Results from a moving object striking the head OR the head striking a stationary object
-may be penetrating or nonpenetrating (90%) -more males than females |
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TBI Affected States/Functions
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1. Aphasia is rare, but Cognitive-linguistic problems are common
2. Attention, Concentration, Comprehension problems 3. Organizational skills, memory, learning aptitude may be impaired 4. Pragmatic Problems: decreased inhibition, judgement errors |
