Apes Chapter 21 Test Review

Front 1

A treaty to ban moving hazardous waste across international borders.

Back 1

The Basel Convention

Front 2

Waste that includes paper, food wastes, cans, bottles, yard waste, glass, wood, and similar items.

Back 2

Municipal solid waste

Front 3

Waste that must be stored safely for many thousands of years

Back 3

Hazardous waste

Front 4

The vast majority of solid wastes in the United States is from

Back 4

Mining

Front 5

Of the municipal solid waste in the U.S., the greatest percentage is from

Back 5

Paper

Front 6

PCBs, dioxins, pesticides, and solvents

Back 6

Examples of hazardous wastes

Front 7

A way to deal with the creation of solid wastes by reducing the environmental impact without trying to reduce the amount of waste produced

Back 7

Waste management

Front 8

Focuses only on waste reduction

Back 8

Integrated waste management

Front 9

Saves energy, reduces carbon dioxide emissions, reduces water pollution, and reduces solid waste

Back 9

Benefits of using PET (polyethylene terephthalate) plastic bottles

Front 10

The most efficient beverage container on the market

Back 10

Refillable glass bottles

Front 11

Charges for mixed wastes, but not for sorted recycleables

Back 11

Fee-per-bag- waste collection

Front 12

Reduces energy, mineral use, and air & water pollution, reduces solid waste, can save landfill space.

Back 12

Advantages of recycling

Front 13

More costly than buying areas with ample landfill space, reduces profits for landfill and incinerator owners, source separation is inconvenent for some

Back 13

Disadvantages of recycling

Front 14

Reduces trash volume, produces energy, concentrates hazardous substances into ash for burial, and the sale of energy reduces costs

Back 14

Advantages of Waste-to-Energy Incineration

Front 15

Expensive to build, produces hazardous waste, emits some CO2 and other air pollutants, and encourages waste production

Back 15

Disadvantages of Waste-to-Energy Incineration

Front 16

Low operating costs, can handle large amounts of wastes, filled land can be used for other purposes, and no shortage of locations.

Back 16

Advantages of Sanitary Landfills

Front 17

Noise, traffic, & dust, Releases methane and CO2 unless they are collected, encourages waste production, and eventually leaks and can contaminate groundwater.

Back 17

Disadvantages of Sanitary Landfills

Front 18

Using charcoal or resins to filter out solids, distilling liquids and separating harmful chemicals, and precipitating or allowing natural processes to separate chemicals.

Back 18

Physical methods of detoxifying hazardous wastes

Front 19

Deep well disposal, surface impoundments, and hazardous waste landfills

Back 19

Methods of storing hazardous wastes

Front 20

When households and businesses separate their trash into recyclable categories.

Back 20

Source separation

Front 21

Households and businesses send their mixed wastes to a centralized facility which only separates valuable materials; the rest of the paper, plastic, glass, and other materials are incinerated

Back 21

Materials recovery facilities

Front 22

Using cyclodextrin (sugar) and nanomagnets to remove contaminants from water.

Back 22

Chemical methods of detoxifying hazardous wastes

Front 23

Phytoremediation to destroy contaminants and bioremediation to absorb and filter contaminants.

Back 23

Biological methods of detoxifying hazardous wastes

Front 24

Using natural or genetically engineered plants to absorb, filter, and remove contaminants from polluted soil or water.

Back 24

Phytoremediation

Front 25

Using bacteria and enzymes to help destroy or convert toxic substances.

Back 25

Bioremediation

Front 26

Breaking down hazardous wastes using very high temperatures using an ionized gas (plasma) made up of electrically conductive ions and electrons.

Back 26

Plasma arc torch

Front 27

Liquid hazardous wastes are pumped under pressure through a pipe into dry porous rock formations beneath aquifers.

Back 27

Deep well disposal

Front 28

Lined ponds, pits, or lagoons,

Back 28

Surface impoundments

Front 29

Solid wastes are spread out in thin layers, compacted, and covered with a fresh layer of clay or plastic foam. Have strong double liners and have systems for collecting and burning methane.

Back 29

Sanitary landfill

Front 30

Also called the Superfund Act; identifies hazardous waste sites and cleans them up on a priority basis. Polluter pays, or superfund pays if polluter cannot be found.

Back 30

CERCLA

Front 31

Sets standards for the management of several types of hazardous wastes. Requires cradle-to-grave system. Only covers about 5% of hazardous wastes.

Back 31

RCRA

Front 32

Requiring companies to take back various consumer products instead of having them put in landfills or incinerated.

Back 32

Cradle-to-grave

Front 33

When cooling water from a paper mill process is then used to boil wood chips to make more paper.

Back 33

Example of closed loop recycling

Front 34

Shredding tires and using them for rubberized road surfacing material

Back 34

Example of open loop recycling

Front 35

Abandoned industrial and commercial sites such as factories, junkyards, older landfills and gas stations. Can be cleaned up and reborn.

Back 35

Brownfields

Front 36

Created the "dirty dozen" list of 12 widely used persistent organic pollutants that bioaccumulate & biomagnify to either phase out or ban them.

Back 36

Stockholm Convention