A&p Lecture Ch 12 Exam Questions

Front 1

There are __ pairs of spinal nerves

Back 1

31

Front 2

Back 2

...

Front 3

The deep groove on the ventral surface that extends the length of the spinal cord is the

Back 3

anterior median fissure

Front 4

Back 4

...

Front 5

Which spinal nerves comprise the cuada equina?

Back 5

sacral and coccygeal

Front 6

What two grooves extend the length of the spinal cord and partially divide it into right and left halves?

Back 6

anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcus

Front 7

The fibrous strand or terminal filum that anchors the inferior end of the spinal cord to the coccyx is a continuation of the

Back 7

epidural mater

Front 8

Space superficial to the meninges in the spinal cord area in which an anesthetic is infected to block pain impulses from the pelvic area

Back 8

epidural space

Front 9

Back 9

...

Front 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the four regions into which the spinal cord is divided

Back 10

coccygeal

Front 11

Back 11

...

Front 12

The spinal cord is contiguous superiorally with the

Back 12

medulla oblongata

Front 13

The nerves that supply the upper limbs enter or exit from this area of the spinal cord.

Back 13

cervical enlargement

Front 14

The nerves that supply the lower limbs enter or exit from this area of the spinal cord.

Back 14

lumbar enlargement

Front 15

Which of the following statements about the spinal cord is NOT correct?

It has two enlargements; It extends to the level of lumbar vertebra 3 in an adult; It gives rise to 31 pairs of spinal nerves; It has a central canal that is continuous with the fourth ventricle of the brain

Back 15

It extends to the level of lumbar vertebra three in an adult

Front 16

The inferior end of the spinal cord is anchored to the coccyx by the

Back 16

filum termiale

Front 17

The white matter in each half of the spinal cord is organized into three columns. Which of the following is NOT one of the columns?

ventral column, lateral column; inferior column; dorsal column

Back 17

inferior column

Front 18

The gray matter on either side of the spinal cord is subdivided into anterior, lateral, and posterior

Back 18

horns

Front 19

Back 19

...

Front 20

The lateral horns of the gray matter in the thoracic region of the spinal cord contain cell bodies of

Back 20

sympathetic motor neurons

Front 21

The gray matter on the right and left sides of the spinal cord are connected by the

Back 21

gray commissure

Front 22

Which of the following terms is synonymous with columns as in columns of white matter in the spinal cord?

fasciculi; funiculi; horns; tracts

Back 22

funiculi

Front 23

Each column in the white matter of the spinal cord consists of one or more

funiculi; gyri; horns; tracts

Back 23

tracts

Front 24

The white matter in each half of the spinal cord is arranged in

two horns; three horns; two columns; three columns

Back 24

three horns: anterior, lateral, and posterior

Front 25

All of the following are true about spinal nerves EXCEPT

they are mixed; there are 31 pairs; spinal nerves may contain nerve fibers of both the somatic and autonomic nervous system; all motor nerve fibers in spinal nerves extend uninterrupted from the spinal cord to an effector

Back 25

all motor nerve fibers in spinal nerves extend uninterrupted from the spinal cord to an effector

Front 26

Ascending and descending tracts of the spinal occur in the

Back 26

columns

Front 27

The knee-jerk reflex involves which of the following?

sensory and motor neurons; sensory, association, and motor neurons; sensory, motor, and interneurons; sensory and association neurons

Back 27

sensory and motor neurons

Front 28

Back 28

...

Front 29

Which of the following is NOT true about the knee jerk reflex

It is a spinal reflex; It is a somatic reflex; It helps amintain an upright posture; It involves conduction of nerve impulses from sensory neuron to interneuron to motor neuron

Back 29

It involves conduction of nerve impulses from sensory neuron to interneuron to motor neuron

Front 30

Which of the following reflexes inhibits skeletal muscle contraction?

crossed extensor reflex; golgi tendon reflex; stretch reflex; withdrawal reflex

Back 30

golgi tendon reflex

Front 31

John injured the quadriceps muscles in his legs due to increased tension and tearing while horsing around on the football field. What reflex failed to protect the muscles?

golgi tendon reflex; flexor reflex; knee jerk reflex; stretch reflex

Back 31

golgi tendon reflex

Front 32

Back 32

...

Front 33

Inhibitory interneurons are involved in which of the following spinal reflexes?

golgi tendon reflex; knee jerk reflex; stretch reflex; withdrawal reflex

Back 33

golgi tendon reflex

Front 34

Excitatory interneurons are involved in which of the following spinal reflexes?

golgi tendon reflex; knee jerk reflex; stretch reflex; withdrawal reflex

Back 34

withdrawal reflex

Front 35

Back 35

...

Front 36

You are walking barefoot and step on a tack with your right foot. All of the following will occur EXCEPT

flexor muscles in your right thigh contract to remove you foot; reciprocal innervation inhibits extensor muscles in the same leg; collaterals of snsory neurons stimulate alpha motor neurons that cause extension in the oppposite limb; collaterals of interneurons stimulate a crossed extensor reflex

Back 36

collaterals of snsory neurons stimulate alpha motor neurons that cause extension in the oppposite limb

Front 37

The reflex arc contains a

sensory reception; sensory neuron; motor neuron; all of the above

Back 37

all of the above

Front 38

Back 38

...

Front 39

Which of the following combinations indicates the correct distribution of spinal nerve pairs?

7 cervical/12 thoracic/6lumbar/1coccygeal; 7 cervical/12thoracic/5lumbar/6 sacral/1 coccygeal; 8 cervical/12 thoracic/6 lumbar/4 sacral/1coccygeal; 8 cervical/12 thoracic/5 lumbar/ 5 sacral/1 coccygeal

Back 39

8 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar - 5 sacral - 1 coccygeal

Front 40

A man was in an accident and severed his spinal cord between C6 and C7. Which of the following would NOT occur?

loss of sensation in the trunk below the shoulders, the lower limbs and portions of the arm; damage to the phrenic nerves, which would therefore affect breathing; loss of movement in the lower limbs; damage to the intercostal nerves, which would affect breathing because the intercostal muscles would be paralyzed

Back 40

damage to the phrenic nerves, which would therefore affect breathing

Front 41

The anterior branch or ramus of a spinal nerve nerve supplies

Back 41

muscles and skin on the front and sides of the trunk and limbs

Front 42

Where are fibers of adjacent spinal nerves sorted and recombined so that fibers specific to a body part reach that body part in the same nerve?

ganglion; nucleus; plexus; reticular formation

Back 42

plexus

Front 43

The brachial plexus supplies nerves that function to contract which of the following?

the diaphragm; intercostal muscles; muscles of the arm and forearm; muscles of the lower limb

Back 43

muscles of the arm and forearm

Front 44

Back 44

...

Front 45

The sciatic nerves arise from which of these plexuses?

brachial; cervical; choroid; lumbosacral

Back 45

lumbosacral

Front 46

Back 46

...

Front 47

Which of the follwoing combinations of spinal nerves supply the brachial plexuses?

C1-C4; C1-T1; C5-T1; T12-S5

Back 47

C5-T1

Front 48

Back 48

...

Front 49

Which of the following are NOT peripheral nerves associated with the brachial plexuses?

axillary nerves; femoral nerves; radial nerves; ulnar nerves

Back 49

femoral nerves

Front 50

Which of the following nerves arising from the lumbosacral plexuses are the largest and longest peripheral nerves in the body?

femoral nerves; obturator nerves; pudental nerves; sciatic nerves

Back 50

sciatic nerves

Front 51

Which of the following plexuses is NOT paired with a peripheral nerve originating from it:

brachial-radial nerve; cervical-phrenic nerve; lumbar-femoral nerve; sacral-muscuolcutaneous nerve

Back 51

sacral-musculocutaneous nerve

Front 52

The ventral branches or rami of spinal nerves do NOT join to form nerve plexuses in which of the following spinal cord areas?

cervical; lumbar; sacral; thoracic

Back 52

thoracic

Front 53

After severely breaking his left humerus in an accident, a man lost sensation on the posterior aspect of the limb and was unable to extend his forearm, wrist, or fingers. What nerve was damaged?

axillary; musculocutaneous; radial; ulnar

Back 53

radial

Front 54

Back 54

...

Front 55

After severely injuring her hip in an accident, a woman was unable to extend her right leg. What nerve was damaged?

femoral; obturator; tibial; pudental

Back 55

femoral

Front 56

Back 56

...

Front 57

The ventral rami of adjacent spinal nerves intermingle with each other to form a

ganglion; fascicle; plexus; tract

Back 57

plexus

Front 58

Which of the following nerves arises from the brachial plexus and innervates all of the extensor muscles of the upperlimb?

axillary nerve; musculocutaneous nerve; radial nerves; ulnar nerve

Back 58

radial nerve

Front 59

Compression of what nerve arising from the brachial plexus results in numbness, tingling, and pain in the fingers, a condition called carpal tunnel syndrome?

axillary nerve; radial nerve; median nerve; musculocutaneous nerve

Back 59

median nerve

Front 60

Which of the nerves arising from the lumbosacral plexus is the largest peripheral nerve in the body?

femoral nerve; ischiadic nerve; obturator nerve; pudental nerve

Back 60

ischiadic nerve

Front 61

Before a doctor performs an episiotomy, a cut in the perneum that makes the opening of the nirth canal larger, branches of what nerves arising from the lumbosacral plexuses are anesthetized?

femoral nerves; ischiadic nerves; obturator nerves; pudental nerves

Back 61

pudental nerves

Front 62

Nerve fibers in the phrenic nerves that innervate the diaphragm arise primarily from what plexuses?

brachial; cervical; lumbar; sacral

Back 62

cervicl

Front 63

Which pair of spinal nerves does NOT supply any skin area?

C1; C8; T1; S1

Back 63

C1

Front 64

Which of these facts about the spinal cord is (are) correct?

There are pairs of spinal nerves that exit the spinal cord; The spinal cord extends inferiorly to the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra; The spinal cord i anchored to the coccyx by the filum terminale; Gray matter is superficial to the white matter of the spinal cord; All of the above

Back 64

All of the above

Front 65

The most superficial of the meninges is the

arachnoid mater; pia mater; filum terminale; dura mater; conus medullaris

Back 65

dura mater

Front 66

In a cross section of the spinal cord, the peripheral white portion consists of __ forming nerve tracts, and the central gray portion consists of __, dendrites, and axons.

unmyelinated axons/neuron cell bodies; myelinated axons/sensory receptors; myelinated axons/neuron cell bodies

Back 66

myelinated axons, neuron cell bodies

Front 67

The anterior (ventral horn of the spinal cord contains the cell bodies of

motor neurons to skeletal muscle; sensory neurons; association neurons; motor neurons to the ANS; the posterior funiculus.

Back 67

motor neurons of skeletal muscle

Front 68

Sensory neurons entering the spinal cord

enter through the dorsal horn; have their cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia; travel through a spinal nerve; synapse with an association neuron in the spinal cord; all of these

Back 68

all of the above

Front 69

The spinal nerves

contain sensory axons; contain motor axons; are formed from the convergence of dorsal and ventral roots; exit the vertebral column via intervertebral foramina; all of the above

Back 69

all of the above

Front 70

Given these components of a reflex: 1. association neuron2. skeletal muscle3. afferent neuron4. efferent neuron5. sensory receptorChoose the sequence below that best represents the order followed in a reflex, from stimulus to response.

5, 4, 3, 2, 1/ 5, 3, 2, 4, 1/ 5, 4, 3, 1, 2/ 5, 3, 1, 4, 2/ 5, 4, 1, 3, 2

Back 70

5, 3, 1, 4, 2

Front 71

Reflexes

are never homeostatic; are automatic responses to a stimulus; cannot be suppressed by higher brain functions; are always simple pathways containing three neurons; all of these

Back 71

are automatic responses to a stimulus

Front 72

Stretch reflexes

cause muscles to contract in response to a stretching force being applied to them; involve a sensory receptor (muscle spindle); involve sensory neurons that directly synapse with motor neurons in the spinal cord; help maintain posture; all of the above

Back 72

all of the above

Front 73

A knee jerk reflex is an example of the

crossed extensor reflex; withdrawal reflex; Golgi tendon reflex; stretch reflex

Back 73

stretch reflex

Front 74

The golgi tendon reflex

involves the synapse of sensory neurons from the Golgi tendon organs with stimulating interneurons at the spinal cord; prevents contracting muscles from applying excessive tension to tendons; involves the stimulation of alpha neurons leading back to the muscles that are stretching tendons; results in increased tension at tendons.

Back 74

prevents contracting muscles from applying excessive tension to tendons

Front 75

The withdrawal reflex

includes the Golgi tendon organs; includes the synapse of sensory neurons directly with alpha motor neurons; helps to protect the body from painful stimuli; is a response to increased tension at a tendon; all of the above

Back 75

helps to protect the body from painful stimuli

Front 76

Which of these events occur when a person steps on a tack with their right foot?

The right foot is pulled away from the tack because of the Golgi tendon reflex; The left leg is extended to support the body because of the stretch reflex; The flexor muscles of the thigh contract, and the extensor muscles relax because of reciprocal innervation; The extensor muscles of both thighs contract because of the crossed extensor reflex; all of these

Back 76

The flexor muscles of the thigh contract, and the extensor muscles relax because of reciprocal innervation

Front 77

The connective tissue layer that surrounds a nerve fascicle is called the

endoneurium; epineurium; perineurium

Back 77

perineurium

Front 78

In the thoracic region, the ventral rami of spinal nerves form ___ ; elsewhere the ventral rami form ___

intercostal nerves, plexuses; dorsal nerves, ganglia; ventral nerves, splanchnic nerves; plexuses, dermatomes; ganglia, phrenic nerves

Back 78

intercostal nerves, plexuses

Front 79

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves innervate

anterior neck muscles; deep back muscles; intercostal muscles; muscles of the upper limb; plexuses

Back 79

deep back muscles

Front 80

Damage to the dorsal root of a spinal nerve result in

loss of motor control; loss of parasympathetic function; loss of sensory input; both A and B; all of these

Back 80

loss of sensory input

Front 81

In spinal cord injury

there may be loss of sensation and motor functions; classification is done according to the vertebral level at which the injury occurred, the extent of the cord damage, and the mechanism of the injury; there is primary and secondary damage; treatment may include the use of steroids to decrease total damage.E)all of the above

Back 81

all of the above

Front 82

llThe numbers of spinal nerves correspond to the number of vertebrae in each region of the spine except for

cervical; lumbar; sacral; thoracic

Back 82

cervical

Front 83

The plexus that originates from C1-C4 is the

brachial plexus; cervical plexus; lumbar plexus; sacral plexus; coccygeal plexus

Back 83

cervical plexus

Front 84

Given the following structures from the brachial plexus:1. ventral rami 2. chords 3. divisions 4. branches 5. trunks

What is the correct sequence of structures emerging from the brachial plexus?

5,4,1,2,3/ 1,4,3,2,5/ 1,5,3,2,4/ 2,3,5,1,4/ 1,5,4,2,3

Front 85

The plexus that originates from spinal nerves C5-T1 is the

brachial plexus; cervical plexus; lumbar plexus; sacral plexus; coccygeal plexus

Back 85

brachial plexus

Front 86

Which of these nerves innervates the deltoid muscle and provides sensory input from the shoulder?

axillary nerve; median nerve; musculocutaneous nerve; radial nerve; ulnar nerve

Back 86

axillary nerve

Front 87

Which of these nerves provides cutaneous innervation to the posterior surface of the arm and forearm, and the lateral two-thirds of the dorsum of the hand?

axillary nerve; median nerve; musculocutaneous nerve; radial nerve; ulnar nerve

Back 87

radial

Front 88

Which of these nerves provides cutaneous innervation to the lateral side of the forearm?

axillary nerve; median nerve; musculocutaneous nerve; radial nerve; ulnar nerve

Back 88

musculocutaneous nerve

Front 89

The __ nerves originate from spinal nerves C3-C5 and innervate the diaphragm.

brachial; median; phrenic; radial; vagus

Back 89

phrenic

Front 90

Loss of ability to extend the arm, forearm, and hand indicates damage to what nerve?

axillary nerve; median nerve; musculocutaneous nerve; radial nerve; ulnar nerve

Back 90

radial nerve

Front 91

The nerve commonly called the "funny bone," passes behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus; it is the

axillary nerve; median nerve; musculocutaneous nerve; radial nerve; ulnar nerve

Back 91

ulnar nerve

Front 92

Which nerve innervates most of the flexor muscles of the forearm and the muscles of the thenar area behind the hand?

axillary nerve; median nerve; musculocutaneous nerve; radial nerve; ulnar nerve

Back 92

median nerve

Front 93

A man suffers a shoulder injury, and as a result has very little strength when he tries to flex his forearm. The nerve most likely damaged is the

axillary nerve; median nerve; musculocutaneous nerve; radial nerve; ulnar nerve

Back 93

musculocutaneous nerve

Front 94

The plexus that originates from spinal nerves L1-L4 is the

cervical plexus; brachial plexus; lumbar plexus; sacral plexus; coccygeal plexus

Back 94

lumbar plexus

Front 95

Major nerves that exit the lumbosacral plexus and enter the lower limb include

obturator; femoral; tibial; common fibular; all of the above

Back 95

all of the above

Front 96

From which plexus does the ischiadic (sciatic) nerve originate?

brachial plexus; cervical plexus; coccygeal plexus; myenteric plexus; lumbosacral plexus

Back 96

lumbosacral plexus

Front 97

Which of these nerves supplies muscles that adduct the thigh?

common fibular nerve; femoral nerve; obturator nerve; sural nerve; coccygeal plexus

Back 97

obturator nerve

Front 98

After suffering nerve damage, an accident victim is unable to flex his right thigh, or extend his right leg. The nerve most likely damaged is the

common fibular nerve; femoral nerve; obturator nerve; sural nerve; coccygeal plexus

Back 98

femoral nerve

Front 99

The ischiadic nerve is really two nerves, the tibial nerve and the

common fibular nerve; femoral nerve; obturator nerve; sural nerve; coccygeal plexus

Back 99

common fibular nerve

Front 100

The nerve that innervates the hamstring muscles and posterior leg muscles is the

common fibular nerve; femoral nerve; obturator nerve; sural nerve; coccygeal plexus

Back 100

obturator nerve

Front 101

The medial and lateral plantar nerves, and the sural nerve are all branches of the

common fibular nerve; femoral nerve; obturator nerve; sural nerve; coccygeal plexus

Back 101

tibial nerve

Front 102

The anterior and lateral muscles of the leg and foot are innervated by the

common fibular nerve; femoral nerve; obturator nerve; sural nerve; coccygeal plexus

Back 102

common fibular nerve

Front 103

Which plexus supplies motor innervation to the muscles of the pelvic floor and sensory cutaneous innervation to the skin over the coccyx?

cervical plexus; brachial plexus; lumbosacral plexus; coccygeal plexus

Back 103

coccygeal plexus