A&p Chapter 6

Front 1

____ are goups of cells that are similar to each other in structure and function.

Back 1

tissues

Front 2

four major types of tissues:

Back 2

epithelial, connective, nervous, muscular

Front 3

the study of tissues

Back 3

histology

Front 4

This type of tissue forms large, continuous sheets. It helps form the skin and covers the entire outer surface of the body. Sheets of this tissue also line most of the inner cavities such as the mouth, respiratory tract, and reproductive tract.

Back 4

Epithelial tissue or epithelium

Front 5

Epithelial tissue is primarily concerne with ____, ____, ____, and _____.

Back 5

protection, absorption, filtration, and secretion

Front 6

The ____ is epithelial tissue that protects the body from sunlight and from invasion by disease-producting bacteria

Back 6

skin

Front 7

The epithelial tissue lining the ____ helps clean inhaled air.

Back 7

respiratory passages

Front 8

The epithelium of the respiratory tract secretes ____ and is lined with _____. The ____ traps the dust inhaled in the air, and the constantly waving _____ move the dust and mucus toward the throat. The dust and mucus are then either coughed up or swallowed and eliminated in the stools.

Back 8

mucus/cilia/mucus/cilia

Front 9

Epithelial tissue also functions in the _____ of substances across membranes. Epithelium is abundant in organs like those in the digestive tract, which must absorb large amounts of water and digested food.

Back 9

transport

Front 10

Epithelial tissue forms _____ that secrete a variety of hormones and enzymes.

Back 10

glands

Front 11

One characteristic of epithelial tissue is that if forms continuous _____. The cells fit together snugly like tiles.

Back 11

sheets

Front 12

Epithelial tissue has two surfaces. One surface is always unattached, like the surface of the outer skin or the lining of the mouth. The under-surface of the epithelium is attached to a _______. The _____ is a very thin material that anchors the epithelium to the underlying structure.

Back 12

basement membrane/basement membrane

Front 13

Epithelial tissue has no blood supply of its own: it is _____. For its nourishment, it depends on the blood supply of underlying connective tissue.

Back 13

avascular

Front 14

Becaue epithelial tissue is so well nourished from the underlying connective tissue, it is able to ____, or repair itself, quickly if injured.

Back 14

regenerate

Front 15

This type of epithelial tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels (capillaries), alveoli (air sacs in lungs) and the kidneys. It permits the exchange of nutrients and wastes, allows diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and helps filtration of water and electrolytes.

Back 15

simple squamous epithelial

Front 16

This type of epithelial tissue is found in the lining of kidney tubules and various glands (thyroid, pancreas, salivary glands). Its purpose is the absorption of water and electrolytes and the secretion of enzymes and hormones.

Back 16

simple cuboidal epithelial

Front 17

This type of epithelial tissue is found in the digestive tract. It serves in protection, absorption, and secretion of digestive juice. It often contains goblet cells (mucus).

Back 17

simple columnar epithelial

Front 18

This type of epithelial is found in the lining of the respiratory tract and the lining of reproductive tubes (fallopian tubes). It serves in protection and secretion. It cleans the respiratory passages. It sweeps the egg towards the uterus.

Back 18

pseudostratified columnar epithelial

Front 19

This type of epithelial tissue is found in the outer layer of skin. It is also found in the lining of the mouth, esophagus, anus, and vagina. It protects the body from invading microorganisms and withstands friction.

Back 19

stratified squamous epithelial

Front 20

This type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder. It permits the expansion of an organ.

Back 20

transitional epithelial tissue

Front 21

Epithelial tissue is classified according to is shape and the number of layers. It has three shapes :____, _____, and ______.

Back 21

squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

Front 22

The _____ epithelium cells are thin and flat, like fish scales.

Back 22

squamous epithelium

Front 23

The _____ epithelium cells are cubelike and look like dice.

Back 23

cuboidal

Front 24

the ____ epithelium cells are tall and narrow, and look like columns

Back 24

columnar

Front 25

One layer of epithelium cells is called a _____.

Back 25

simple epithelium

Front 26

Two or more layers of epithelium cells are called a--

Back 26

stratified epithelium

Front 27

a single layer of flat, scale-like epithelium cells

Back 27

simple squamous epithelium

Front 28

many layers of flat, scale-like epithelium cells

Back 28

stratified squamous epithelium

Front 29

_____ and _____ epithelia are found in very few organs.

Back 29

stratified cuboidal and stratified columnar

Front 30

Because ____ epithelia are so thin, they are concerned primarily with the movement, or transport, of various substances across the membranes from one body compartment to another.

Back 30

simple epithelia

Front 31

_____ is a single layer of squamous cells with an underlying basement membrane.

Back 31

simple squamous epithelium

Front 32

Because this tissue is so thin, _____ is found where substances move by rapid diffusion or filtration. For instance, the walls of the capillaries (the smalles blood vessels) are composed of this type of epithelium. The walls of the alveoli (air sacs of the lungs) are also composed of it. This tissue allows the rapid diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood.

Back 32

simple squamous epithelium

Front 33

_______ is a single layer of cuboidal cells resting on a basement membrane. This epithelial layer is most often found in glands and in the kidney tubules, where it functions int he transport and secretion of various substances.

Back 33

simple cuboidal epithelium

Front 34

______ refers to a single layer of columnar cells resting on its basement membrane. These tall, tightly packed cells line the entire length of the digestive tract and play a major role in the absorption of the products of digestion. Lubricating mucus is produced by _____, which are modified columnar cells.

Back 34

simple columnar epithelium/goblet cells

Front 35

________ is a single layer of columnar cells. Because the cells are so irregularly shaped, they appear multilayered; hence the name which means falsely stratified. Their function is similar to the function of simple columnar cells: they facilitate absorption and secretion.

Back 35

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Front 36

_____ epithelia are multilayered and are therefore stronger than simple epithelia. They perform a protective function and are found in tissue exposed to everyday wear and tear, such as the mouth, esophagus, and skin. __________ is the most common type of this epithelia.

Back 36

stratified epithelia/stratified squamous epithelium

Front 37

_____ is found primarily in organs that need to stretch such as the urinary bladder. This epithelium is called _____ because the cells slide past one another when the tissue is stretched. The cells appear stratified when the urinary bladder is empty (unstretched) and simple when the bladder is full (stretched).

Back 37

transitional epithelium/transitional

Front 38

The function of the glandular epithelium is _____.

Back 38

secretion

Front 39

A ____ is made up of one or more cells that secrete a particular substance. Much of the glandular tissue is composed of simple cuboidal epithelium.

Back 39

gland

Front 40

Two types of glands are the _____ and ______

Back 40

exocrine and endocrine glands

Front 41

The _____ glands have ducts, or tiny tubes, into which the exocrine secretions are released before reaching body surfaces or body cavities. The ______ secretions include mucus, sweat, saliva, and digestive enzymes. The ducts carry the ____ secretions outside the body. For instance, sweat flows from the sweat glands through ducts onto the surface of the skin for evaporation.

Back 41

exocrine glands/exocrine/exocrine

Front 42

The ____ glands secrete hormones, such as insulin. ____ glands do not have ducts and are therefore called ductless glands. Because ____ glands are ductless, the hormones ae secreted directly into the blood. The blood then carries the hormones to their sites of action.

Back 42

endocrine glands/endocrine/endocrine

Front 43

_____ tissue is the most abundant of the four tissue types and is widely distributed throughout the body. It is found in blood, under the skin, in bone, and around many organs. As the name suggests, it connects, or binds together, the parts of the body. Other functions include support, protection, fat storage, and transport of substances.

Back 43

connective tissue

Front 44

connective tissue has two characteristics-

Back 44

1.)most connective tissue, with the exception of ligaments, tendons, and cartilage, has a good blood supply. Ligaments and tendons have a poor blood supply, and cartilage has no blood supply. Any injury to these structures heals very slowly
2.)most connective tissue has an abundance of intercellular matrix

Front 45

The _____ is what makes the various types of connective tissue so different. The ____ is material located outside the cell. It fills the spaces between the cells (intercellular space). The cell makes the matrix and secretes it into the intercellular spaces. The hardness of the _______ varies from one cell type to the next. It may be liquid as in blood; gel-like as in fat tissue; or hard, as in bone. The amount of it also varies from one cell type to the next. In fat tissue, the cells are close together, with little _______. Bone and cartilage, however, have few cells and large amounts of _______.

Back 45

intercellular matrix/intercellular matrix/intercelluar matrix/intercellular matrix/intercellular matrix

Front 46

Also found in the matrix of most connective tissue are _____. The fiber types include ______, ____, and ______.

Back 46

protein fibers/collagen/elastin/reticular fibers (fine collagen)

Front 47

____ fibers are strong and flexible but are not easily stretched.

Back 47

collagen

Front 48

___ fibers are not very strong, but they are stretchy, like a rubber band.

Back 48

elastin

Front 49

Types of connective tissue--

Back 49

1.)loose connective tissue
2.)dense fibrous connective tissue
3.) cartilage
4.) bone
5.)the "liquid" connective tissue (blood and lymph)

Front 50

This type of loose connective tissue is found beneath the skin and most epithelial layers and also between muscles. It binds together, protects, cushions and is known as "tissue glue".

Back 50

areolar tissue

Front 51

This type of loose connective tissue is found beneath the skin (subcutaneous), around kidneys and heart, and behind eyeballs. It cushions, insulates, and stores fat.

Back 51

adipose tissue

Front 52

This type of loose connective tissue is found in lymphoid tissue such as lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow. It forms internal framework of lymphoid organs.

Back 52

reticular tissue

Front 53

This type of connective tissue is found in tendons, ligaments, capsules, and fascia. It binds structures together.

Back 53

dense fibrous connective tissue

Front 54

This type of cartilage is found on the ends of long bone at joints, where the ribs connect to the sternum, the rings in trachea of respiratory tract, the nose, and the fetal skeleton. It supports, protects, and provides framework

Back 54

hyaline cartilage

Front 55

This type of cartilage is found in intervertebral discs in the backbone, in the pads in the knee joint, and in the pad between the pubic bones (symphysis pubis). It cushions and protects.

Back 55

fibrocartilage

Front 56

This type of cartilage is found in the external ear and part of the larynx. It supports and provides framework.

Back 56

elastic cartilage

Front 57

This type of connective tissue is found in the skeleton. It supports, protects, and provides framework.

Back 57

bone

Front 58

This type of connective tissue is found in blood vessels throughout the body. It transports nutrients, hormones, respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), and waste.

Back 58

blood

Front 59

This type of connective tissue is found in lymphatic vessels throughout the body. It drains interstitial fluid which is involved in immune response.

Back 59

lymph

Front 60

Loose connective tissue contains fibers that are loosely arranged around cells. There are 3 types of loose connective tissue---

Back 60

areolar tissue, adipose tissue, and reticular connective tissue

Front 61

_____ tissue is made up of collagen and elastin fibers in a gel-like intercellular matrix. ____ is soft and surrounds, protects, and cushions many of the organs. It acts like "tissue glue" because it holds the organs in position. It is the most widely distributed type of connective tissue.

Back 61

areolar tissue/areolar

Front 62

_____ tissue is a type of loose connective tissue that stores fat. _____ forms the tissue layer underlying the skin, the subcutaneous layer. It is also deposited around certain organs to cushion them or hold them in place. The kidney, for instance, has a layer of fat tissue that helps hold it in place. In extremely thin individuals, this fat tissue may be absent, allowing the kidney to move around. This is called a floating kidney.

Back 62

adipose tissue/adipose tissue

Front 63

______ tissue is characterized by a network of delicately interwven reticular (fine collagen) fibers. It forms the internal framework for lymphoid tissue such as the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.

Back 63

reticular connective tissue

Front 64

______ tissue is composed of an intercellular matrix that contains many collagen and elastic fibers. Collagen in the main type of fiber in this tissue. The fibers form strong, supporting structures such as tendons, ligaments, capsules, and fascia.

Back 64

dense fibrous connective tissue

Front 65

_____ are cordlike structures composed of dense fibrous connective tissue that attach muscles to bones.

Back 65

tendons

Front 66

____ are dense fibrous connective tissues that cross joints and attach bones to each other. Because they contain more elastic fibers than tendons do, they stretch more easily.

Back 66

ligaments

Front 67

Dense fiber also forms tough ____ around certain organs such as the kidney and liver.

Back 67

capsules

Front 68

Dense fibrous connective tissue forms bands, or sheets, of tissue called ____. ____ covers muscles, blood vessels, and nerves; it also covers, supports, and anchors the organs to nearby structures.

Back 68

fascia/fascia

Front 69

The ____ tendon attaches the leg muscles to the heel fo the foot.

Back 69

Achilles tendon

Front 70

Cartilage is formed by _____, or cartilage cells. The ____ secrete a protein containing intercellular matrix that is firm, smooth, and flexible. Although the matrix of cartilage is solid, it is not as hard as that of bone.

Back 70

chondrocytes/chondrocytes

Front 71

Most cartilage is covered by _____, a layer of connective tissue that carries blood vessels to the cartilage. The blood vessels supply oxygen and nutrients to the cartilage.

Back 71

perichondrium

Front 72

the 3 types of cartilage--

Back 72

hyaline cartilage
elastic cartilage
fibrocartilage

Front 73

Hyaline cartilage is found in only a few places in the body--

Back 73

1.) the larynx, or voicebox
2.) the ends of long bones at joints
3.) the nose
4.) the area between the breastbone and the ribs

Front 74

Hyaline cartilage is also found in large quantities in the ____ skeleton. As the ____ matures, however, most of the cartilage is converted to bone.

Back 74

fetal/fetus

Front 75

Bone tissue is also called ______.

Back 75

osseous tissue

Front 76

Bone cells are called _____. Bone cells secrete an intercellular matrix that includes collagen, calcium salts, and other minerals. The collagen provides flexibility and strength; the mineral-containing matrix as a whole makes the bone tissue hard. The hardness of the bone enables it to protect organs such as the brain and to support the weight of the body for standing and moving. Bone also acts as a storage site for mineral salts, especially calcium.

Back 76

osseous tissue

Front 77

When mineralization of bone tissue is diminished, as in ______, the bone is weakened and tends to break easily.

Back 77

osteoporosis

Front 78

____ and ____ are two types of connective tissue that have a watery intercellular matrix; they form a "liquid" connective tissue.

Back 78

blood and lymph

Front 79

Blood consists of blood cells surrounded by a fluid matrix called _____. Unlike other connective tissues, which contain collagen and elastin fibers in the intercellular matrix, ____ contains nonfibrous ____ proteins.

Back 79

plasma/plasma/plasma

Front 80

Nervous tissus makes up the brains, spinal cord, and nerves. Nervous tissue consists of two types--

Back 80

neurons and neuroglia

Front 81

The neuron has 3 parts--

Back 81

1.)the dendrites, which receive info from other neurons
2.)the cell body, which contains the nucleus and is essential to the life of the cell
3.)the single axon, which transmits info away from the cell body

Front 82

____ are cells that support and take care of the neurons. The word _____ means gluelike and refers to the ability of these cells to support, or stick together, the vast network of neurons.

Back 82

neuroglia or glia/glial

Front 83

____ tissue if composed of cells that shorten, or contract. In doing so, they cause movement of a body part. Because the cells are long and slender, they are called fibers rather than cells.

Back 83

muscle tissue

Front 84

The 3 types of muscle are --

Back 84

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Front 85

____ muscle is generally attached to bone (the skeletal system). Becaue of the appearance of striations, or stripes, this muscle is also called striated muscle. These muscles move the skeleton, maintain posture, and stabilize joints.

Back 85

skeletal muscle

Front 86

____ muscle is generally found in the walls of the viscera, or organs, such as the stomach, intestines, and urinary bladder. It is also found in tubes such as the bronchioles (breathing passages) and blood vessels. The function of smooth muscle is related to the organ in which it is found. For instance, ____ muscle in the stomach helps to mash and churn food, while the _____ muscle in the urinary bladder helps to expel urine.

Back 86

smooth muscle/smooth/smooth

Front 87

____ muscle is found only in the heart, where it functions to pump blood into a vast network of blood vessels. ___ muscle fibers are long branching cells that fit together tightly at junctions; this arrangement promotes rapid conduction of electrical signals throughout the heart.

Back 87

cardiac muscle/cardiac

Front 88

2 types of tissue repair-

Back 88

regeneration and fibrosis

Front 89

this type of tissue repair refers to the replacement of tissue by cells that are identical to the original cells. It occurs only in tissues whose cells undergo mitosis, such as the skin

Back 89

regeneration

Front 90

____ is the replacement of injured tissue by the formation of fibrous connective tissue, or scar tissue. The fibers of scar tissue pull the edges of the wound together and strengthen the area. Damaged skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and nervous tissue do not undergo mitosis and must be replaces by scar tissue.

Back 90

fibrosis

Front 91

The injured skin of some persons exhibit excessive fibrosis leading to the formation of _____. ____ scars develop most often on the upper trunk and earlobes and are of concern cosmetically.

Back 91

keloid/keloid

Front 92

____ are thin sheets of tissue that cover surfaces, line body cavities, and surround organs.

Back 92

membranes

Front 93

Membranes are classified as ____ or ____ tissue

Back 93

epithelial or connective

Front 94

The epithelial membranes--

Back 94

cutaneous membrane (skin), the mucous membranes, and the serous membranes

Front 95

Although they are called epithelial membranes, these membranes contain both an epithelial sheet and an underlying layer of ______

Back 95

connective tissue

Front 96

THe ____ membrane is the skin. The outer layer of skin (epidermis) is stratified squamous epithelium. The underlying layer (dermis) is composed of fibrous connective tissue

Back 96

cutaneous membrane

Front 97

____ membranes line all body cavities that open to the exterior of the body. They include the digestive, urinary, reproductive, and respiratory tracts.

Back 97

mucous membranes

Front 98

Mucous membranes usually contain _____ _____ epithelium or _____ _____ epithelium. Most mucous membranes are adapted for absorption and secretion. Mucous membranes secrete mucus. The mucus keeps the membrane moist and also lubricates it. For instance, in the digestive tract, the mucus allows food to move through the tract with little friction.

Back 98

stratified squamous epithelium/simple columnar epithelium

Front 99

____ membranes line the ventral body cavities, which are not open to the exterior of the body. If you were to enter the abdominal or thoracic cavity surgically, you would be looking at these kinds of membranes. They secrete a thin, watery, serous fluid. The fluid allows the membranes to slide past one another with little friction.

Back 99

serous membranes

Front 100

A serous membrane is composed of ____ ____ epithelium resting on a thin layer of loose connective tissue. Serous membranes line a cavity and then fold back onto the surface of the organs within that cavity. Thus part of the membrane lines the wall of the cavity, and the other part covers the organ or organs withing that cavity.

Back 100

simple squamous epithelium

Front 101

The part of the serous membrane that lines the walls of the cavity (like wallpaper) is the _____ layer, and the part of the membrane that covers the outside of an organ is the _____ layer.

Back 101

parietal/visceral

Front 102

name the 3 serous membranes:

Back 102

1.)pleura
2.)pericardium
3.)peritoneum

Front 103

____ are serous membranes found in the thoracic cavity. The parietal _____ line the wall of the thoracic cavity. The visceral ___ cover each lung.

Back 103

pleura/pleura/pleura

Front 104

The visceral pleura cover each lung. The space between the pleural layers is called the _____; the membranes are lubricated by pleural fluid.

Back 104

pleural cavity

Front 105

_____ refers to an inflammation of the pleura and a decrease in serous fluid. As the inflamed and "dry" pleural membranes slide past one another during breathing movement, the person experiences pain.

Back 105

pleurisy

Front 106

The ____ is found in the thoracic cavity and partially surrounds the heart. There is a parietal and visceral _____ that offers sling-like support to the heart.

Back 106

pericardium/pericardium

Front 107

The space between the pericardial membranes is called the _____ ____; the membranes are lubricated by pericardial fluid.

Back 107

pericardial cavity

Front 108

The _____ is a serous membrane found within the abdominal cavity. The parietal ____ lines its walla, and the visceral _____ covers the abdominal organs.

Back 108

peritoneum/peritoneum/peritoneum

Front 109

Infection in the abdominal cavity often involves the ______. For instance, a ruptured appendix allows the escape of intestinal contents, loaded with bacteria, into the peritoneal cavity. This leakage causes a life-threatening infectious condition called ______. Aggressive treatment with antibiotics is required. Occasionally, the pus must be drained from the abdominal cavity. The pleural and pericardial membranes can also become inflamed or infected.

Back 109

peritoneum/peritonitis

Front 110

-oma at the end of a word means

Back 110

tumor or neoplasm

Front 111

a neoplasm consisting of fatty tissue

Back 111

lipoma

Front 112

-omas are named for the ____ that form the tumors

Back 112

tissues

Front 113

a tumor consisting of glandular tissue

Back 113

adenoma

Front 114

malignant (cancerous) tissues

Back 114

carcinomas and sarcomas

Front 115

a malignant tumor involving epithelial tissue

Back 115

carcinoma

Front 116

a malignant tumor involving connective tissue

Back 116

sarcoma

Front 117

All tumors should be ______. A ____ refers to the removal of tumor tissue for microscopic examination. It means to view with both eyes. By viewing the tumor specimen under a microscope, the pathologist can determine whether the tumor is malignant (cancerous) or benign (noncancerous).

Back 117

biopsied/biopsy

Front 118

where is the synovial membrane (connective tissue membrane) located?

Back 118

lines joint cavities; secretes synovial fluid

Front 119

Where is the periosteum (connective tissue membrane) located?

Back 119

covers bone; contains blood vessels that supply the bone

Front 120

Where is the perichondrium (connective tissue membrane) locateds?

Back 120

covers cartilage; contains capillaries that nourish the cartilage

Front 121

There are the meninges (connective tissue membrane) located?

Back 121

covers brain and spinal cord

Front 122

where are the various kinds of fascia (connective tissue membrane) located?

Back 122

throughout the body

Front 123

the pleura is a serous membrane located in the

Back 123

thoracic cavity

Front 124

the pericardium is a serous membrane located in the

Back 124

thoracic cavity around the heart

Front 125

the peritoneum is a serous membrane located in the

Back 125

abdominal cavity

Front 126

the cutaneous membrane is an epithelial membrane located on the

Back 126

skin (outer layer)

Front 127

the mucous membrane that is an epithelial membrane is located in the

Back 127

digestive tract lining, urinary tract lining, reproductive tract lining, respiratory tract lining

Front 128

An abnormal joining of tissues by fibrous scar tissue. Adhesions may bind or constrict organs, causing decreased flexibility and obstruction, especially in the abdomen.

Back 128

adhesions

Front 129

abnormal growth that can affect all types of tissues and membranes. Tumors are named acccording to the type of tissue involved. A carcinomal involves epithelial tissue (e.g. adenocarcinoma, a cancer arising from glandular tissue). A sarcoma involves connective tissue (e.g. osteosarcoma, a cancer involving bone)

Back 129

cancer

Front 130

For unknown reasons, collagen can be destroyed, causing damage to the connective tissue of the body. Because collagen is a main component of connective tissue, the effects of _____ ____ are widespread. Examples are rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and scleroderma. Many of these diseases are autoimmune disorders, in which the patient's own immune system attacks and destroys collagen.

Back 130

collagen diseases

Front 131

Death (necrosis) of the soft tissues of a body part such as the toes, fingers, or intestines. ____ occurs when the blood supply to the tissue is cut off. Diabetic patients experience _____ of the toes when their arteries become clogged with fat deposits. Infecction can also impede blood flow to a body part and therefore cause _____

Back 131

gangrene

Front 132

A _____ may be malignant (cancerous) or benign (noncancerous). Examples of benign connective tissue ____ include adenoma (glandular tissue); osteoma (bone); chondroma (cartilage); fibroma (fibroblasts); lipoma (fat tissue); and polyps (adenomas commonly found in vascular areas such as the nose, rectum, and uterus)

Back 132

neoplasm

Front 133

Because tissues consist of cells, cellular aging alters the tissues formed by the cells. Alterations in tissues, in turn, affect organ function. For instance, by age 85, lung capacity has decreased by ___ percent, muscle strength has decreased by about ____ percent, and kidney function has decreased by ___ percent.

Back 133

50/45/30

Front 134

As you age, ___ and ___ decrease in connective tissue. Consequently, tissues become stiffer, less elastic, and less efficient in their functioning.

Back 134

collagen and elastin

Front 135

As you age ___ and ___ contents of tissues change. In men, a gradual increase in tissue ____ and ____ occurs until age 60, and then a gradual decrease follows. In women, ___ and ____ accumulate in the tissues continuously; no decline occurs as in men.

Back 135

lipid and fat

Front 136

As you age, the total amount of ____ in the body gradually decreases. The change in body fat and the decrease in ____ are major reasons that the elderly population responds differently to drugs than the younger population does.

Back 136

water

Front 137

As you age tissue _____ causes a decrease in the mass of most organs

Back 137

atrophy