A&p Chapter 12 Terminology

Front 1

acquired reflexes

Back 1

Rapid and automatic, but they are learned rather than reestablished. Enhanced by repetition

Front 2

arachnoid mater

Back 2

the middle menix that encloses cerebrospinal fluid and protects the central nervous system

Front 3

convergent neural pool

Back 3

Several neurons synapse on a single postsynaptic neuron

Front 4

cranial reflexes

Back 4

Important interconnections and processing events occur in nuclei of the brain

Front 5

crossed extensor reflex

Back 5

involves a contralateral reflex arc because an additional motor response occurs on the side opposite the stimulus

Front 6

dermatone

Back 6

a sensory region monitored by the dorsal rami of a single spinal segment

Front 7

divergence

Back 7

In neural tissue, the spread of information from one neuron to many neurons; an organizational pattern common along sensory pathways of the central nervous system

Front 8

dura mater

Back 8

The outermost component of the cranial and spinal meninges

Front 9

endoneurium

Back 9

a delicate network of connective tissue fibers that surrounds individual nerve fibers

Front 10

epineurium

Back 10

A dense layer of collagen fibers that surrounds a peripheral nerve

Front 11

innate reflexes

Back 11

Result from connections that form between neurons during development and are genetically or developmentally programmed

Front 12

meninges

Back 12

Three membranes that surround the surfaces of the central nervous system; the dura mater, the pia mater, and arachnoid

Front 13

monosynaptic reflexes

Back 13

A reflex in which the sensory afferent neuron synapses directly on the motor efferent neurons

Front 14

muscle spindle

Back 14

Sensory receptors involved in the stretch reflex

Front 15

parallel processing

Back 15

Occurs when several neurons or neuronal pools process the same information simultaneously

Front 16

perineurium

Back 16

A connective tissue partition that separates adjacent bundles of nerve fibers in a peripheral nerve

Front 17

pia mater

Back 17

the innermost layer of the meninges bound to the underlying neural tissue

Front 18

polysynaptic reflexes

Back 18

A reflex in which interneurons are interposed between the sensory fiber and the motor neuron(s)

Front 19

reciprocal inhibition

Back 19

Coordinates muscular contractions and reduces resistance to movement

Front 20

reverberation

Back 20

A positive feedback along a chain of neurons such that they remain active one stimulated

Front 21

serial processing

Back 21

Information is relayed in a stepwise fashion, from one neuron to another or from one neural to the next

Front 22

somatic reflexes

Back 22

Provide a mechanism for the involuntary control of the skeletal muscles. Immediate response that can be later supplemented by voluntary motor commands

Front 23

spinal reflexes

Back 23

The important interconnections and processing events occur in nuclei of the spinal cord

Front 24

visceral reflexes

Back 24

autonomic reflexes control or adjust the activities of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and adipose tissue

Front 25

withdrawal reflexes

Back 25

Move affected parts of the body away from a stimulus