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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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One Gene-One Polypeptide Hypothesis |
The premise that a gene is a segment of DNA that codes for one polypeptide.
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Transcription
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The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.
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Messenger RNA (mRNA)
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A type of RNA, that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.
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Translation
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The cynthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of "language" from nucleotides to aminon acids.
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Ribosome
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A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules, which make up two subunits.
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RNA Processing
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Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus, a process unique to eukaryotes.
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Primary Transcript
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An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA when transcribed from a protein-coding gene.
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Triplet Code
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A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.
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Template Strand
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The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.
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Codon
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A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
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Reading Frame
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The way a cell's mRNA-translating machinery groups the mRNA nucleotides into codons.
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