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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ethnology:
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examines, interprets, analyzes, and compares the results of other anthropological studies.
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Ethnography:
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provides an account of a particular community, society, or culture.
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What term refers to an explanatory framework that helps us understand why something exists?
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a theory
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The anthropologist portrayed in the News Brief is practicing which type of applied anthropology?
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Cultural resource management
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What is the Samoan matai?
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the Samoan term for respecting the elders.
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What is the carrier for schistosomiasis?
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snails
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Which of the following has helped to spread AIDS in eastern Africa?
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highways
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Western medicine is an example of which kind of disease theory?
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naturalistic disease theory
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Cultural resource management is the application of the data, theory, and methods of which subdiscipline?
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archaeological anthropology
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Where are the fastest population growth rates?
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Third World cities
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In 2003, the United Nations estimated that some 940 million people were living in
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urban slums.
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Which of the following statements about medical anthropology is not true?
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It is a branch of archaeological anthropology.
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The British anthropologist Edward Tylor said that culture is:
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acquired by a man as a member of society.
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The "psychic unity of man" implies that:
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regardless of their genes or physical appearance, people can learn any cultural tradition.
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According to the text, the "real culture" is:
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what people actually do.
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Which of the following statements about ethnocentrism is true?
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It is the tendency to view your own culture as superior and to apply your own culture's values to judge the behavior and beliefs of people in other cultures.
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Which of the following is not a human cultural universal?
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farming
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A pidgin is an example of:
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acculturation.
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Homo habilis
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Homo habilis is arguably the first species of the Homo genus to appear
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Acheulean
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is the name given to an archaeological industry of stone tool manufacture associated with prehistoric hominins during the Lower Palaeolithic era across Africa and much of West Asia and Europe. Acheulean tools are typically found with Homo erectus remains.
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superorganic
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A superorganism is an organism consisting of many organisms. This is usually meant to be a social unit of eusocial animals, where division of labour is highly specialised and where individuals are not able to survive by themselves for extended periods of time
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Narikotome boy
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the skeleton 'missing link'
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Lamalera
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whale hunters
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Emic
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description of behavior or a belief in terms meaningful (consciously or unconsciously) to the actor; that is, an emic account is culture-specific.
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etic
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description of a behavior or belief by an observer, in terms that can be applied to other cultures; that is, an etic account is '"culturally neutral".
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uniformitarianism
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refers to the principle that the same processes that shape the universe occurred in the past as they do now, and that the same laws of physics apply in all parts of the knowable universe.
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asymmentric marriage alliance
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that is, that small groups must force their members to marry outside so as to build alliances with other groups. According to this theory, groups that engaged in exogamy would flourish, while those that didn't would die out, either literally or because they lacked ties for cultural and economic exchange, leaving them at a disadvantage. The exchange of men and/or women therefore served as a uniting force between groups
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hypodescent
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is the practice of determining the lineage of a child of mixed-race ancestry by assigning the child the race of his or her more socially subordinate parent.
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Creationists agree with all of the following theories except:
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transformism.
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The allele HbS:
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confers resistance to malaria in heterozygous form.
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The mechanism of genetic evolution that involves the exchange of genetic material between populations of the same species is:
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gene flow.
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Social race differs from biological race because:
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social race is a cultural construction that is based on arbitrary distinctions.
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Which of the following statements regarding hypodescent is not true?
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It has brought about the formation of fully functional intermediate racial categories.
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Which of the following statements regarding burakumin is true?
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They typically perform manual labor to make a living
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Which of the following statements regarding burakumin is not true?
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They are full citizens of Brazil.
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Due to the lack of hypodescent in Brazil, what is happening to the number of people classified in intermediate racial categories?
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The number of people classified in intermediate racial categories is increasing.
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Which of the following statements regarding assimilation is not true?
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Like Brazil, the U.S. is an assimilationist society.
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A plural society:
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combines ethnic contrasts and economic interdependence of the ethnic groups.
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De facto discrimination refers to:
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practiced but not legally sanctioned discrimination
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nation
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Once a synonym for “ethnic group,” designating a single culture sharing a language, religion, history, territory, ancestry, and kinship; now usually a synonym for state or nation-state.
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Upper Paleolithic
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Blade-tool-making traditions associated with H. sapiens sapiens; named from their location in upper, or more recent, layers of sedimentary deposits.
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Punctuated equilibrium is the evolutionary theory that long periods of evolutionary leaps are interrupted by short periods of stasis.
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FALSE
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