Anthropology 100 Final Exam

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Gender Archaeology

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Archaeological research the draws on insights from contemporary gender studies to investigate how people come to recognize themselves as different from others, how people represent these differences, and how others react to such claims.

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Tribe

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A farming or herding society, usually larger than a band, that relies on kinship as the framework for social and political life; provides relatively egalitarian social relation, but has more prestige (but not more power or wealth) than others. Sometimes called ranked society.

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Band

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A small, predominantly foraging society of 50 or fewer members that divides labor by age and sex only and provides relatively equal access for all adults to wealth, power, and prestige.

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Subsistence Strategy

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Different ways that people in different societies go about meeting their basic material survival needs.

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Excavation

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The systematic uncovering ofarchaelogical remains through removal of the deposits of soil and other materials covering them and accompanying them

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Survey

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The physical examination of a geographical region in which promising sites are most likely to be found.

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Ethnoarchaology

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The study of the way present-day societies use artifacts and structures and how these objects become part of the archaeological record.

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Chiefdom

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A socially stratified society, generally larger than a tribe, in which a chief and close relatives enjoy privileged access to wealth, power, and prestige and which has greater craft production but few full-time specialists.

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Features

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Non-portable remnants from the past (Example: House walls).

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Race

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A human population category whose boundaries directly corresponds to distinct sets of biological attributes.

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Caste

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A ranked group within a hierarchically stratified society that is closed, prohibiting individuals to move from one caste to another.

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Cleintage

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The institution linking individuals from upper and lower levels in a stratified society.

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Class

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A ranked group within a hierarchically stratified society whose membership is defined primary in terms of wealth, occupation, or other economic criteria.

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Structural violence

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Violence that results from the way that political and economical forces structure risk for various forms of suffering within a population.

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Sexual Practices

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Emotional or affectional relationships between sexual partners and the physical activities they engage in with one another.

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Friendship

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The relatively "unofficial" bonds that people construct with one another to be personal and often a matter of choice.

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Blended Family

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A family created when previous divorced/widowed people marry; bringing with them children from previous family.

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Joint Family

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A family pattern made up of brothers an their wives or sisters and their husband and their children living together.

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Extended Family

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A family pattern made up of three generations living together (parents,married children, and grandchildren).

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Nuclear Family

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A family made up of two generations (parent and their children).

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Non-conjugated Family

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A women and her children; the husband/father may be occasionally present or completely absent.

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Conjugated Family

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A family based on marriage (at minimum husband and their children).

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Dowry

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Wealth transferred, usually from parent to their daughter, at the time of her marriage.

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Polygyny

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Marriage with man may be married to more than one wife.

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Polyandry

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Marriage with women who may be married to one or more husband.

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Monogamy

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Marriage with only one partner.

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Polygamy

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More than one people can be married to.

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Patrilocal

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A postmarital residence pattern in which the married couple lives with or near the husband's father.

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Matrilocal

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A postmarital residence pattern in which the married couple lives with or near the the wife's mother.

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Avunculocal

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A postmarital residence pattern in which the married couple lives with or near the husband''s mother's brother (AKA uncle).

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Exogamy

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Marriage outside a defined social group.

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Endogamy

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Marriage within a defined social group.

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Affinal Relationship

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Kinship connections through marriage or affinity.