Anthropology 100 Final Exam

Front 1

Metacommunication

Back 1

Communicating about the process of communication

Front 2

Framing

Back 2

An understood boundary that marks certain behaviours as play or as ordinary life

Front 3

Reflexivity

Back 3

Critically thinking about the way one thinks reflecting on ones own experience

Front 4

Orthodoxy

Back 4

Correct doctrine the prohibition of deviation from certain generally accepted rules or beliefs

Front 5

Rite of Passage

Back 5

A ritual that serves to mark the movement and transformation of an individual form one social position to another

Front 6

Liminal Period

Back 6

The ambiguous transitional state in a rite of passage in which the person or persons undergoing the ritual are outside their ordinary social positions

Front 7

Communitas

Back 7

An unstructured of minimal structured community of equal individuals frequently found in rites of passage

Front 8

Traditional Knowledge

Back 8

Knowledge that is cu;truly held and passed on from generation to generation

Front 9

Medical Anthropology

Back 9

An area of anthropological inquiry that focusses on issues of well being, health, illness, and disease as they are situated in their wider cultural contexts

Front 10

Well-Being

Back 10

A culturally defined state or role of general physical and mental comfort and good health a lack of illness

Front 11

Health

Back 11

A persons general social psychological and physical condition

Front 12

Illness

Back 12

A culturally defined state or role of general physical and or mental discomfort and poor health

Front 13

Disease

Back 13

A biomedical condition characterized by a harmful biological irregularity in an organism

Front 14

Shaman

Back 14

A part-time religious practitioner who is believed to have the power through altered states of consciousness to travel to or contact supernatural forces directly on behalf of individuals or groups

Front 15

Etiology

Back 15

The study of the causes of a disease and or an illness

Front 16

Folk Illness

Back 16

A culture-bound illness, a set of sumptuous that are grouped together under single label only within a particular culture

Front 17

Biotic

Back 17

Living, biological

Front 18

Abiotic

Back 18

Non-living, physical

Front 19

Realized Niche

Back 19

The portion of the habitable world that a group pf people is forced to utilize and to which it becomes highly adapted

Front 20

Bioaccumulation

Back 20

An accumulation of a toxic substance in a biological organism over time

Front 21

Biomagnification

Back 21

An increase in the concentration of a toxic substance from the bottom to the top of a food chain

Front 22

Defensive Research

Back 22

Research that is designed and conducted by individuals outside the affected community without consulting members of the community about their interests or concerns

Front 23

Positive Research

Back 23

Research that is designed with fair consideration of the interests and concerns of members of the affected community and conducted with consideration of cultural contexts within the community

Front 24

Placebo Effect

Back 24

An effect produced in response to an individuals belief that a treatment will have a desired effect, despite evidence that the treatment has no medicinal properties

Front 25

Managed Care

Back 25

A system of care, tied to the market-based delivery of medicine, particularly in the USA, in which a patients choice of treatment and of practitioner is directed by an intermediary organization that aims to provide the most cost-effective services available while generating profits for its members

Front 26

Social Organization

Back 26

the patterning of human interdependence in a given society through the actions and decisions of its members

Front 27

Social Power

Back 27

The ability to transform a situation that affect an entire social group

Front 28

Political Power

Back 28

Social power held by a group that is in a position to affect the lives of many people

Front 29

Political Anthropology

Back 29

The study of social and political power in human society

Front 30

Free Agency

Back 30

The freedom of self contained individuals to pursue their own interests above everything else and to challenge on another for dominance

Front 31

Hegemony

Back 31

A system of leadership in which rulers persuade subordinates to accept the ideology of dominant group by offering mutual accommodations that nevertheless preserve the rulers privileged position

Front 32

Biopower

Back 32

Power held by a modern government over the bodies of its individual citizens and over the body of all its citizens

Front 33

Resistance

Back 33

The power to refuse being forced against ones will to conform to someone elses wishes

Front 34

Consensus

Front 35

Persuasion

Back 35

power based on verbal argument

Front 36

Anomie

Back 36

A pervasive sense of rootlessness and normlessnesss

Front 37

Alienation

Back 37

The deep separation that individuals experience between their innermost sense of identity and the labour they are forced to perform in order to survive

Front 38

Essentially negotiable concepts

Back 38

Cculturally recognized concepts that evoke a wide range of meanings and whose relevance in any particular context must be negotiated

Front 39

Stratified Societies

Back 39

Societies in which there is permanent hierarchy that accords some members privileged access to wealth power and prestige

Front 40

Class

Back 40

A ranked group within a hierarchy stratified society whose membership is defined primarily in terms of wealth occupation and or access to power

Front 41

Caste

Back 41

A ranked group within a socially stratified society that is closed, prohibiting individuals from moving from one caste in to another

Front 42

Patron

Back 42

The party of lower status in clientage

Front 43

Clientage

Back 43

Institution linking individuals from upper and lower levels in a stratified society

Front 44

Patron

Back 44

The party of higher status in a clientage

Front 45

Varna

Back 45

Traditional social ranks that divide Indian society in to four functional subdivisions priests nobility rulers and warriors commoners farmers and merchants and labourers or servants

Front 46

Jati

Back 46

A localized, named, endogamous group

Front 47

Social Race

Back 47

An achieved status with a racial label in a system of stratification that is composed of open, class like categories to which racial labels are assigned

Front 48

Colourism

Back 48

A system of social identities negotiated, based on the situation, along a continuum of skin colours between white and black

Front 49

Ethnic Groups

Back 49

Social groups that are distinguished from one another on the basis of ethnicity

Front 50

Nation-State

Back 50

An ideal political unit in which national identity and political territory coincide

Front 51

Nation

Back 51

A group of pole believed to share the same history culture language and even physical substance

Front 52

Objectification

Back 52

The intentional construction of a collective public identity; the process that produces what we commonly think of as ethnicity

Front 53

Reification

Back 53

A form of negative racial or ethnic absolutism that encourages the violent elimination of targeted groups and is central to the practice of racism

Front 54

Nationalism

Back 54

The attempt made by government officials to install a sense of nationality into the citizens of a state

Front 55

Transformist Hegemony

Back 55

A nationalist program to define nationality in a way that preserves the cultural domination of the ruling group while including enough cultural features from subordinated groups to ensure their loyalty

Front 56

Strategic Essentialism

Back 56

The use of essentialist rhetoric as a conscious political strategy to create a temporary solidarity to facilitate a specific social action