Ant 302 Final Exam

Front 1

Mana

Back 1

Sacred impersonal force in Melanesian and Polynesian religions

Front 2

Relgion

Back 2

System of meaning and belief concerned with the supernatural: forces, powers, being

Interested in how religion (1) influences social organization, and (2) relieves anxiety

Front 3

Ritual

Back 3

Behavior that is formal, stylized, repetitive, and stereotyped, performed earnestly as a social act; rituals are held at set times and places and have liturgical orders.

Front 4

Myths

Back 4

Sacred narrative explaining how the world and humankind assumed their present form

Front 5

Taboo

Back 5

Act set apart as scared/off limits to ordinary people; supernatural punishment

Front 6

Reciprocity

Back 6

Principle of exchange; major mode of exchange in band/tribal societies
Generalized: give something and expect nothing in return (personal relationship)
Balanced: give something, and expect something in return, eventually
Negative: attempt to get something for as little as possible

Front 7

Culture

Back 7

An integrated system of meanings, values, and patterns of behavior with which a specific group of people live and apprehend the world around them, and which is transmitted through the generations through socialization

Front 8

Expressive Culture

Back 8

The arts, or human creativity, which includes dance, music, painting, sculpture, pottery, stories, drama, etc.

Front 9

Enculturation

Back 9

Way by which culture is learned and transmitted through time and generations; can be learned explicitly or unconsciously

Front 10

Acculturation

Back 10

The exchange of cultural features that results when groups come into continuous contact; cultures of either group can change

Front 11

World System

Back 11

Macro-view that whole world is unit of analysis; social patterns based on wealth and power differentials that transcend countries; core, semi-periphery, and periphery countries

Front 12

First World

Back 12

Western, democratic, and capitalistic countries; connoted with highly developed

Front 13

Second World

Back 13

Former socialist states that were within the sphere of influence of the Soviet Union (Eastern Europe, Asia); also countries that are between poverty and prosperity

Front 14

Third World

Back 14

Countries that were not aligned during the Cold War; today, the less developed countries, many of which are in Latin America and Africa

Front 15

Fourth World

Back 15

Sub-populations that are socially excluded from global society; tend to have living standards of third world

Front 16

Core

Back 16

Countries that are in dominant structural positions in the world system; are strongest and most powerful states with advanced systems of production

Front 17

Periphery

Back 17

Countries that are in the weakest structural positions in the world system; are poor, less developed economically, and dependent on a few economic activities

Front 18

Imperialism

Back 18

A global system of capitalist expansion and exploitation, with a central empire; home country benefits at the expense of dominated countries

Front 19

Franchise Colonialism

Back 19

Political and social domination of a culturally unrelated group from a distant territory; generally to acquire natural resources

Front 20

Settler Colonialism

Back 20

A permanent structure of invasion focused on usurp[ing indigenous land rights

Front 21

Diaspora

Back 21

The offspring of an area who have spread to many lands

Front 22

Indingenous

Back 22

Original inhabitants of a particular area

Front 23

Marginalization

Back 23

Process by which peoples/cultures are put into a powerless/diminished position

Front 24

Fieldwork

Back 24

Research by spending time (life-long commitment) with a community to learn its culture and characteristics; problems:
- unequal power dynamics
- mutual stereotyping
- studying in the face of forming trust
- contributing to the culture (ethics)

Front 25

Ethnography

Back 25

A descriptive account of a culture's way of life; also explains why

Front 26

Participant Observation

Back 26

Data collection by gaining familiarity with a group of people

Front 27

Applied Anthropology

Back 27

The application of anthropological data, perspective, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary social problems

Front 28

Development

Back 28

Branch of applied anthropology that focuses on social issues in economic development

Front 29

Emic

Back 29

Features or items analyzed with respect to their role as structural units in a system; local explanations

Front 30

Etic

Back 30

Features or items analyzed without considering role as structural unit in a system; objective perspective

Front 31

Ethnocentrism

Back 31

Tendency to view one's own culture as superior and compare/pass judgement on another culture

Front 32

Modernity

Back 32

The way in which the products of a consumer society extend via a capitalist system; breakdown of community-based society
Historical: break from traditional feudal societies, change and innovation in social organization
Processes:
- individualization
- secularization
- urbanization
- industrialization
- bureaucracy
- rationalization

Front 33

Foucault

Back 33

Theorized about power and knowledge and how they are used as a form of social control

Front 34

Normativity

Back 34

Relating to an ideal standard or model; conformity in the context of discipline