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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define Social Distance
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refers to both physical and social distance
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define Social Psychology
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the study of the relationship between the individual and the group
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define Distancing Effect
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the tendency of modern technologies to reduce physical and temporal distance which has the effect of widening cultural, social, psychological and spiritual distances between the individual and the social group he or she is a part of
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define Stretch Principle
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the idea that with technological improvements humans have a tendency to devote less time and energy to those things technologies control
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define Sponsor of Technology
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the social group or groups who back a specific technology using economic, political, or cultural resources
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define Technocratic Ideal of Progress
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A belief in the sufficiency of scientific and technological innovation as the basis for general progress. If we ensure scientific and technologies progress, the rest will take care of itself (i.e. social, cultural and political conditions)
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define Technological Consequences
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the changes that occur to individuals or a social system as a result of the adoption or rejection of an innovation
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define Domestic Technology
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those associated with the home
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define Construction Technology
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those associated with the community development
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define Industrial Technology
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those associated with the production of goods and services
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define stable equilibrium
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adoption results in little or no change in the structure of functioning of a social system (ie blenders)
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define Dynamic Equilibrium
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Adoption occurs at a rate and to a degree that is compatible with the social ability to adjust to the changes that take place (ie cell phone)
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define Disequilibrium
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adoption occurs at a rate and to degree that is too rapid to allow the social system to adjust (snowmobiles among Skolt Lapps in Finland made animals nearly go extinct)
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define Direct Consequences
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the changes to an individual or system that occur in immediate response to adoption of an innovation
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define Indirect Consequences
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the changes to an individual or social system that occur as a result of the direct consequences.
These are the consequences of the consequence |
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define Anticipated Consequences
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the changes due to an innovation that are recognized and intended by the members of a social group
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define Unanticipated Consequences
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the changes due to an innovation that are neither intended nor recognized by the members of a social system
Unanticipated consequences are ALWAYS unknown to the adopter. |
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what is the True Agenda of Green Movement
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to limit human population growth in order to limit how much resources are being used
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what are the 2 faces of the green movement?
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the private face
AND the public face |
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define the Private face of the Green Movement
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advocates shrinking economies and population control
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define the Public face of the Green Movement
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presents Utopian like living thru green technology and policies
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define Green Speak
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Euphemistic language used by the green movement to hide the true underlying goals of the movement from the public it which to affect
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define Green Guilt
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the act of personalizing the negative (or potentially negative) consequences of energy use and resource consumption in an attempt to alter behaviors and attitudes toward the environmentalists agenda
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what is Rationing Rational?
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idea that humans must use less energy, live in smaller areas, and have fewer children in order to save the planet from human misuse of the Earth's resources
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what is the Malthusian Perspective?
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Malthus was the first social thinker to question the effect of population growth had on a nation's well-being
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define Principle of Population
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the growth rate of food production due to technological advancements will always be slower rate than the rate that humans can reproduce
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define the Boomster Movement
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Population growth can be beneficial as a source of economic growth
continued technological development and its diffusion has improved the lives of the poor around the world population growth (Generally) does NOT exceed resource supply |
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what are the political/ economic allegiances that are typically associated with the BOOMSTERS?
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Free Market Trade
Technological Optimism Individualism Economic Expansion and unrestrained energy use Optimistic about Population Growth (human are a resource) |
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what are the political/ economic allegiances that are typically associated with the DOOMSTERS?
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Highly populated/ Controlled Markets
Technological Pessimism Collectivism and/or Environmentalism Zero Growth (rationing of resources especially energy) Zero Population Growth (e.g. Population Connection) |
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define Sustainable Development
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development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (UN)
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define the Doomsters
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Population has a direct impact on water supply, energy, land availability and climate
Pessimistic outlook of population growth now includes human beings damage to the environment People (Population Growth) is the problem NOT the solution to the world's problems |
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What is Sclove's Main Thesis?
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The technologies we are creating and using today are resulting in a loss of community and greater inequality and a lack of participating politics. (Drives wedge into the community and the individual)
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What is Sclove's Main Thesis?
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The technologies we are creating and using today are resulting in a loss of community and greater inequality and a lack of participating politics. (Drives wedge into the community and the individual)
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How does Pool think How Society shapes Technology?
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Social Forces, not the individual "building a better mouse trap" is more important in deciding fate/ development of technology now more than ever
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How does Pool think How Society shapes Technology?
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Social Forces, not the individual "building a better mouse trap" is more important in deciding fate/ development of technology now more than ever
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According to Pool, what are social factors associated with the fate of technologies?
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Better technology is often decided in a subjective way
Technologies are no longer associated just with increases in material well-being Innovations more complex, require complex division of labor (DOL), large amounts of capital Science and Engineering have been institutionalized Unanticipated consequences |
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According to Pool, what are social factors associated with the fate of technologies?
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Better technology is often decided in a subjective way
Technologies are no longer associated just with increases in material well-being Innovations more complex, require complex division of labor (DOL), large amounts of capital Science and Engineering have been institutionalized Unanticipated consequences |
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what are Westrum's 3 general views on what the origins of social inventions?
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Individual Genius
State of the Art Social Demand |
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what are Westrum's 3 general views on what the origins of social inventions?
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Individual Genius
State of the Art Social Demand |
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According to Westrum, define Individual Genius
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the idea that individuals are responsible for the most important inventions
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According to Westrum, define Individual Genius
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the idea that individuals are responsible for the most important inventions
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According to Westrum, define State of the Art
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the idea that innovations are small steps in an ongoing process of invention
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According to Westrum, define State of the Art
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the idea that innovations are small steps in an ongoing process of invention
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According to Westrum, define Social Demand
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the idea that societies face certain circumstances that result in the demand for a certain technology
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According to Westrum, define Social Demand
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the idea that societies face certain circumstances that result in the demand for a certain technology
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According to Westrum, how does the Division of Labor in Innovations happen
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there are Problem-Solvers and Problem Finders
Modern technologies requires a more complex division of labor |
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According to Westrum, how does the Division of Labor in Innovations happen
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there are Problem-Solvers and Problem Finders
Modern technologies requires a more complex division of labor |
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define Technological Gatekeepers
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Individuals who are knowledgable about certain innovations and have access to societal networks outside of R&D
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define Multiple Independent Invention
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According to Westrum:
an instance where 1 or more people located in different societies (at or around the same time) create technologies that are very similar in their function |
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what makes Multiple Independent Invention Possible?
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1. A common base of knowledge
2. A similar competitive situation |
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What makes Multiple Independent Invention devices Produced differently?
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1. Different Orientations (goals) and access to different resources
2. Complexity of the device being produced |
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define Stretch Principle
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the idea that with technological improvements humans have a tendency to devote less time and energy to those things technologies
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