Ans Pharmacology Drugs

Front 1

Which drugs activate the cholinergic system?

Back 1

All drugs activate cholinergic system

Front 2

How can we classify drugs that act on the cholinergic system based on their method of action?

Back 2

Can be classified as drugs that act directly and indirectly on the the cholinergic system

Front 3

What kind of cholinergic system direct acting drugs are there? and how do they work?

Back 3

manmade and natural drugs. These drugs affect the cholinereceptor directly

Front 4

How do drugs that act indirectly affect the cholinergic system?

Back 4

By interfering with a catabolic enzyme which would have broken down ACH therefore the ACH (cholinergic) receptors are stimulated

Front 5

What kind of drugs are there that indirectly act on the cholinergic system?

Back 5

Reversible (non-covalent binding) and Irreversible (covalente binding)

Front 6

ACETYLCHOLINE

Back 6

Non-specific drug - fast acting - affects all cholinergic receptors

Front 7

What kind of drug is MIOCHOL?

Back 7

It is a cholinergic drug it is acetylcholine chloride.

Front 8

Hos is MIOCHOL used?

Back 8

It is used before ocular surgery to cause the ciliary muscle to constrict pupils

Front 9

Are all direct acting cholinergic drugs reversible or irreversible?

Back 9

They are reversible.

Front 10

CARBACHOL - kind of drug, method of action, structure and significance of structure

Back 10

direct acting synthetic cholinergic drug, causes pupillary constriction, has a carbonic acid derivaty at the end of acetylcholine - which makes it more resistant to acetylcholesterase degradation.

Front 11

What is Isopto-carbachol and how is it used?

Back 11

It is a derivative of Carbachol, Used for open angle glaucoma.

Front 12

What are the ADRs for "ALL" cholinergic drugs?

Back 12

Flushing, Sweating, GI, Urinary urgency, headache, salivation, ciliary spasms

Front 13

What is one important ADR of carbachol?

Back 13

Bronchial constriction. Asthma not a contraindication, however, caution with asthma patients.

Front 14

What are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors?

Back 14

receptors activated by both acetylcholine and nicotine (an alkaloid)

Front 15

A cholinergic drug could have a sympathomimetic or parasympathomimetic effect?

Back 15

Parasympoathomimetic
>------ ACH ------<ACH [Parasympathetic fibers]

Hint 15

Parasympathetic fibers

Front 16

BETHANECOL , type of cholinergic drug, structure, ADRs, contraindications, use

Back 16

Cholinergic synthetic drug, It has a carbonic acid and methyl group on acetylcholine, same ADRs as carbechol, contraindicated in asthma, use in NONOBSTRUCTIVE urinary retention.

Front 17

PILOCARPINE, type of cholinergic drug, structure, use

Back 17

Cholinergic natural drug (from plant), not too similar to acetylcholine, used for open-angle glaucoma (pilocarpine occular therapeutic system)

Front 18

What two drugs are used in open-angle glaucoma?

Back 18

Isopto-carbachol and pilocarpine

Hint 18

One is a derivative of another cholinergic drug and the other used to be used in ordeal trials.

Front 19

NICOTINE , mechanism, use,

Back 19

Natural cholinergic drug, It activates the following cholinergic receptors: autonomica gnaglia, muscular junctions, brain, adrenal medulla, It is used to stop smoking habit (no otc nicotine medication)

Front 20

How does nicotine stimulate the cerebral cortex?

Back 20

via the locus coruleus

Front 21

What effect does nicotine have on the limbic system?

Back 21

It stimulates the pleasure/reward action via dopamine release (direct and indirect stimulation)

Front 22

Nicotine stimulates CV ganglia, what are some of the symptoms of this stimulation?

Back 22

peripheral vasoconstriction, tachycardia and increased BP

Front 23

What kind of drug is physostigmine?

Back 23

It is an indirect rversible cholinergic drug

Front 24

In what two forms can physostigmine be found?

Back 24

Topical = ESERINE
Systemic = ANTILIRIUM

Front 25

ESERINE , type of drug, use,

Back 25

Topical form of physostigmine - an indirect reversible cholinergic drug, reverses cycloplegia / mydriasis and it's an alternate treatment for open-angle glaucoma.

Front 26

ANTILIRIUM type of drug, use, adverse effects

Back 26

Systemic form of physostigmine an indirect cholinergic drug. Antidote to toxic neurologic effects of caused by drugs with central anticholinergic activity. Highly lipid soluble - penetrates CNS. Adverse effects: sweating, n/v, urinary urgency, cramping, salivation, diarrhea, muscle weakness, hypotension, bradychardia, convulsions,bronchospasms, resp. paralysis.

Front 27

DEMECARIUM: use

Back 27

Indirect reversible cholinergic drug. Topical use only, used for glaucoma

Front 28

What are the signs of a cholinergic crisis?

Back 28

Nausea, diarrhea, sweating, increased bronchial and salivary secretions, bradychardia, muscle weakness,

Front 29

What is the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor antidote?

Back 29

Pralidoxime

Front 30

What are some signs of CNS toxicity from indirect cholinergic drugs?

Back 30

Jitterness, confusion, dizziness

Front 31

What drug do we use to counteract cholinergic CNS toxicity?

Back 31

atropine (a classis anti-cholinergic drug)

Front 32

AMBENONIUM use, mechanism, ADRs

Back 32

A systemic indirect reversible acetylcholynesterase inhibitor. Used for diagnosis/treatment of myasthenia gravis, it works by increasing cholinergic transmission at the neuromuscular junction. ADRs = possible cholinergic crisis with overdose and typical cholinergic CV adverse effects.

Front 33

EDROPHONIUM use, mechamism, ADRs

Back 33

A systemic indirect reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Used for treatment/diagnosis of myasthenia gravis and to underdose/oversode of cholinergic drugs in myasthenia gravis patients. It works by increasing cholinergic transmission at the neuromuscular junction. ADRs = possible cholinergic crisis with overdose and typical cholinergic CV adverse effects.

Front 34

NEOSTIGMINE - use, mechanism

Back 34

A systemic indirect reversible acetylcholynesterase inhibitor. Used for diagnosis/treatment of myasthenia gravis, it works by increasing cholinergic transmission at the neuromuscular junction IT DOES NOT CROSS THE BBB and it exhibits ACH-like stimulating effect at the neuromuscular junction, therefore it can reverse skeletal muscle blockade. ADRs = possible cholinergic crisis with overdose and typical cholinergic CV adverse effects.

Front 35

Which direct cholinergic drug does not cross the blood brain barrier?

Back 35

NEOSTIGMINE

Front 36

Which direct cholinergic drug exhibits direct ACH-like stimulating effect at the neuromuscular junction?

Back 36

NEOSTIGMINE

Front 37

PYRIDOSTIGMINE use, mechanism ADRs

Back 37

A systemic indirect reversible
cholinergic drug (acetylcholynesterase inhibitor). Used for diagnosis/treatment of myasthenia gravis and as prophylaxis by the military to prevent nerve gases from binding, it works by increasing cholinergic transmission at the neuromuscular junction. ADRs = possible cholinergic crisis with overdose and typical cholinergic CV adverse effects.

Front 38

Which indirect cholinergic drug is used by the army as prophylaxis to lessen nerve gas from binding to ACH receptor upon exposure?

Back 38

PYRIDOSTIGMINE

Front 39

Name three general features of irreversible acetylcholinestarase inhibitors

Back 39

Highly lipid soluble - organo-phosphorous compounds - used widely as pesticides and insecticides

Front 40

ECOTHIOPHATE use

Back 40

An irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drug. Used for glaucoma both open-angle and angle-closure GLAUCOMA

Front 41

Which cholinergic drug is used for angle-closure glaucoma? and what type of cholinergic drug is it?

Back 41

ECOTHIOPHATE . It is an indirect cholinergic drug - irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

Front 42

ISOFLUROPATHE

Back 42

This irreversible acetylcholinergic drug belongs to the fluoride group which makes the molecule more active and lasts longer.

Front 43

SARIN use

Back 43

Nerve gas, irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

Front 44

PRALIDOXIME use, mechanism

Back 44

Antidote for acetylcholinesterase. It acts by hydrolyzing the phosphorylated enzyme, if the complex has not "aged"