Animal Behavior

Front 1

Competitive Exclusion principle

Back 1

complete competitors cannot coexist, one eventually wins

Front 2

Dispersal

Back 2

complete and permanent emigration from home range

Front 3

Home Range

Back 3

area an animal occupies

Front 4

Breeding dispersal

Back 4

movement of adults between reproductive episodes to avoid inbreeding

Front 5

Natal dispersal

Back 5

emigration of young from their birth place as they approach sexual maturity

Front 6

Philopatry

Back 6

remaining in natal area where born

Front 7

inbreeding depression

Back 7

reduced fitness of offspring from closely related parents

Front 8

migration

Back 8

temporary movement between distant sites

Front 9

homing

Back 9

returning to birthplace to spawn

Front 10

territory

Back 10

defended space

Front 11

dear enemy phenomenon

Back 11

territorial animals less aggressive to neighbors than strangers

Front 12

asymmetry of contest

Back 12

owners almost always win territorial contests

Front 13

optimality theory

Back 13

a cost-benefit approach that considers a net fitness gain associated with a phenotype

Front 14

optimal foraging theory

Back 14

animal will maximize energy intake per unit time, assume translates to fitness

Front 15

Darwinian puzzle

Back 15

a trait that appears to reduce the fitness of individuals that have it

Front 16

adaptation

Back 16

a trait that increases fitness relative to others in the population

Front 17

fitness

Back 17

number of copies of alleles an animal contributes to the next generation

Front 18

evolutionary arms race

Back 18

species interactions affect fitness of each other, one never wins, constantly topping each other

Front 19

comparative method

Back 19

tests hypotheses about trait's evolution by comparing species of known evolutionary relationships

Front 20

divergent evolution

Back 20

related species will exhibit different behaviors and phenotypes with selection pressure

Front 21

convergent evolution

Back 21

unrelated species sharing similar selection pressure will have similar adaptive response

Front 22

camouflage

Back 22

avoid detection by blending in to background and behaving appropriately

Front 23

vigilance

Back 23

heightened state of alertness to see predator before it sees you

Front 24

stotting

Back 24

series of jumps to show predator you are healthy and would likely escape chase

Front 25

mobbing

Back 25

big group attacks to discourage a predator or threat from remaining in their territory

Front 26

aposematic coloration

Back 26

warning other animals they are toxic with color

Front 27

Batesian mimicry

Back 27

animal pretends it is toxic when really not, takes advantage of predator avoidance

Front 28

selfish herd

Back 28

each individual will act selfishly regardless of group, will always be jockeying for position

Front 29

tonic immobility

Back 29

play dead

Front 30

Hans Kruuk

Back 30

studied mobbing, C-B approach

Front 31

Tim Caro

Back 31

studied stotting with antelope and cheetahs

Front 32

WD Hamilton

Back 32

selfish herd, inclusive fitness

Front 33

castration

Back 33

removal of gonads

Front 34

hormone

Back 34

organic chemical messengers released directly into bloodstream

Front 35

hormone receptor

Back 35

molecules in/on target cells that can bind to a particular hormone

Front 36

dose-dependence

Back 36

hormone concentrations and rates of behavior co-vary

Front 37

associated reproductive pattern

Back 37

induced by environmental cue, seasonal change in reproductive behaviors correlated with changes in gonads and hormones

Front 38

disassociated reproductive pattern

Back 38

onset of reproductive behaviors not triggered by sharp change in hormones

Front 39

Arnold Berthold

Back 39

1st study in behavioral endocrinology with castrated roosters