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289 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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where is the cephalic region?
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head
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what is the frontal region?
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forehead
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where is the orbital region?
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eyes
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where is the buccal region?
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cheeks
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where is the mental region?
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mental
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Where is the cervical region?
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neck
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where is the deltoid region?
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shoulder
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Where is the sternal region?
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the sternum (between pectoral regions)
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Where is the axillary region?
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armpit
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Where is the brachial region?
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upper arm. Biceps and triceps
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Where is the antecubital region?
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the anterior side of the elbow
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Where is the antebrachial region?
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the forearm (front and back)
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Where is the carpal region?
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the wrist
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Where is the palmar region?
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the palms
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Where is the digital region?
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fingers
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Where is the coxal region?
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hips
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Where is the inguinal region?
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groin
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What is within the pubic region?
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the penis and the pubic hair
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Where is the femoral region?
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the thighs (front and back)
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Where is the patellar region?
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the kneecaps (front of knees)
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Where is the crural region?
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the anterior side of the leg (shins)
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Where is the tarsal region?
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ankles
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What is the dorsum of the foot?
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the top of the foot
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What is the pes region?
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the feet
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Where is the cranial region?
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region surrounding the brain on the back of the head
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Where is the occipital region
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back of the head
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where is the auricular region?
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the ear
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Where is the thoracic region?
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the back
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Where is the vertebral region?
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the spinal column
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Where is the olecranal region?
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the back of the elbow
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Where is the lumbar region?
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the lower medial portion of the back
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T or F? the abdominal region can be seen from the posterior view
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True
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Where is the sacral region?
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region of the butt crack and the area superior to it
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Where is the gluteal region?
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butt cheeks
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Where is the perineal region?
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chode (anus and vagina)
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Where is the popliteal region?
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back of knee
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where is the sural region?
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calves
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Where is the calcaneal region?
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heel
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Where is the plantar region?
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sole of the foot
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Where is the fibular region
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The lateral aspect of the leg
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Where is the hallux region?
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the great toe
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Where is the manus region?
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The hand
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Where is the pollex region
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the thumbs
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Where is the radial region?
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lateral aspect of the forarm
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Where is the scapular region?
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the shoulder blade
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Where is the tibial region?
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medial aspect of the leg
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Where is the ulnar region?
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the medial aspect of the forarm
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where is the umbilical region?
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the navel
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What is contained in the mediastinum cavity?
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part of heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels
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what is an example of radiography
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x ray
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what is angiography?
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dyes in the bloodstream
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What happens in the pre-embryonic period?
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fertilization
zygote cleavage blastocyst implantation |
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what are the two parts of the blastocyst and what do they become?
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embryoblast (becomes embryo)
trophoblast ( becomes the chorion) |
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when does the bilaminar disc form during the growth of a human embryo?
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week two after implantation
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What feature of the bilaminar disc allows it to form the third germ layer?
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the primitive streak
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Why is folic acid important for newly pregnant women?
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the formation of the notochord is affected in a positive way by folic acid
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What are the derivatives of the three germ layers?
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ectoderm- skin and nervous tissue
mesoderm- muscle tissue, heart, kidneys, reproductive organs endoderm- digestive and respiratory systems |
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When does organogenesis occur?
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during the embryonic period weeks 3-8
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what is a teratogen?
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anything that causes a birth defect
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What is the leading cause of mental retardation in infants?
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fetal alcohol syndrome
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what are the four types of tissue
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connective (connect)
muscle (contract) epithelial (cover) nervous (conduct) |
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What are the functions of epithelial tissue?
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physical protection
selective permeability secretion sensation |
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What tissue type is this?
cellular, polar, attached, avascular, innervated, high regeneration capacity |
epithelial
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what type of tissue is this?
covers surfaces, lines insides of organs and body cavities |
epithelial
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Which germ layer is epithelial tissue derived from?
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ecto-, endo-, and meso-
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What type of epithelial tissue lines these structures?
inner lining of GI tract epidermis inner lining of urinary bladder |
simple columnar epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium transitional epithelium |
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what tissue type is this?
diverse types, all contain cells, protein fibers, and ground substance |
connective
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what tissue type is this?
protects, binds together, and supports organs |
connective
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Which germ layer derives connnective tissue?
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mesoderm
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Which of the following is not considered a connective tissue?
body fat ligaments dermis hyaline cartilage blood skeletal muscle |
skeletal muscle
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which tissue type is this?
contractile, receives stimulation from nervous system and/or endocrine system |
muscle tissue
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Which tissue facilitates movement of skeleton or organ walls?
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muscle tissue
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Which germ layer is muscle tissue derived from?
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mesoderm
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What are the three types of muscle tissue?
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skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle smooth muscle |
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What are the two different subtypes of nervous tissue?
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neurons
glial cells |
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What germ layer is the nervous tissue derived from?
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ectoderm
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If epithelial tissue is avascular where does it get its nutrients from?
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nearby connective tissue. If it gets separated from CT it will die (epidermis)
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What are the four types of intercellular junctions in epithelial tissues?
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tight junctions (sealed plasma membranes near apical surface)
adhering junctions (located deep to tight junctions) desmosomes (provide resistance at a single stress) gap junctions (direct passageways(canals) for molecules to travel) |
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Which type of glands have ducts?
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exocrine glands
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Which glands secrete products into interstitial fluid and bloodstream
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endocrine glands
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What are the three secretion methods and what are the differences between the three?
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merocrine (packages secretions into vesicles)
holocrine (cells accumulate a product and the entire cell disintegrates) apocrine (cells accumulate product and secrete by decapitation) |
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Name an example of each of the three secretion methods in epithelial tissue.
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merocrine- lacrimal, salivary, gastric, pancreatic, and eccrine glands
holocrine- sebaceous glands apocrine- mammary glands and apocrine sweat glands (only in certain areas of body) |
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What are the six main functions of connective tissue?
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physical protection (bone, cartilage)
support and structural framework (bone) binding of structures (CT proper, cartilage) storage (bone) transport (blood) immune protection (blood) |
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What portion of the extracellular matrix resists shearing forces? which portion resists compressive forces?
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protein fibers (like collagen)
ground substance |
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Is the matrix in connective tissue living or non-living?
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non-living
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skin accounts for what % of our body weight? what is the surface area of skin? what is the range in thickness for skin?
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7-8%
1.5 -2 sq. meters 1.5-4 nm |
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What are the six functions of the integumentary system?
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water regulation
temperature regulation metabolic regulation immune defense sensory perception excretion by means of secretion |
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Classify the following skin layers as vascular or avascular and as epithelial tissue or connective tissue
epidermis dermis hypodermis |
epidermis is avascular, epithelial
dermis is vascular, connective hypodermis is vascular, connective |
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Which of the three basic skins layers is not part of the integument?
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the hypodermis
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What is apoptosis and where does it occur?
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programmed cell death
examples: in epidermis, in hyaline cartilage |
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What are the four types of cells in the epidermis?
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keratinocytes
epidermal dendritic cells (Langerhans cells) melanocytes tactile cells (Merkel cells) |
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What causes caucasian skin to be pink? What pigment darkens the skin?
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hemoglobin
melanin |
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What are the two layers of the dermis?
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papillary (look like nipples)
reticular (dense irregular CT) |
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What causes stretch marks? what is their proper name?
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torn collagen
striae |
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What causes wrinkles?
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age, UV exposure, decreased flexibilty and thickness of dermis
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What are cleavage lines?
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orientation of collagen bundles
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What is the protein in the integument that produces nails?
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keratin
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What are the three functions of hair?
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protects from the sun
senses touch reduces heat loss |
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What are the three types of hair and where are they found?
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lanugo (fetuses)
vellus (arms and legs) terminal (head, pubic region, men's face) |
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Hair consists of shaft and _________.
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root
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What are the three layers of hair? Order them from innermost to outermost.
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medulla (not found in all hair)
cortex cuticle |
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What muscle connects to hair?
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arrecetor pili muscle
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What type of glands are in the skin? (endocrine or exocrine) what are they called?
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exocrine
sebaceous and sudoriferous |
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What are the three types of skin cancer?
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basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma malignant melanoma |
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What is the ABCD rule of malignant melanoma recognition?
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Asymmetry- one side of mole different than other
Border- edges notched, irregular, blurred, or ragged Color- not uniform, different shades Diameter- larger than 1/4 inch |
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Which cell of the epidermis is found in all five layers?
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keratinocyte
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What does a keratinocyte do? Which layer is it found in?
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produces keratin (hair and nails)
all five layers |
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What do epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells do? Which layer is it found in?
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the are macrophages in immune response
stratum spinosum |
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What do melanocytes do? Which layer is it found in?
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produce melanin that affects hair and eye color
in stratum basale |
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What do tactile (Merkel) cells do? Which layer is it found in?
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they are sensory receptors
stratum basale |
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What are the four types of connective tissue?
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bone
blood cartilage connective tissue proper |
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Which type of cartilage is most common? What does it do?
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hyaline cartilage
provides support through flexibility and resistence |
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where is hyaline cartilage found?
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trachea, articular cartliage (ends of long bones), epiphyseal plate, fetal skeleton
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WHich type of cartilage contains thick collagen fibers? What does it do?
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fibrocartilage
acts as a shock absorber |
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Where is fibrocartilage found?
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intervertebral discs, menisci of knee, pubic symphysis
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What type of cartilage contains highly branched elastic fibers? WHat is its function?
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elastic cartilage
provides flexibility |
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Where is the elastic cartilage located?
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auricle of the ear and the epiglottis
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What makes cartilage flexible and resilient?
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elastic fibers and water content
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How does cartilage receive its nutrient supply?
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through diffusion (cartilage is avascular)
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What are the general functions of cartilage?
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support soft tissues
articular surfaces for joints provide a model for endochondral bone formation |
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What is the name of a mature cartilage cell?
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chondrocytes
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What produces the matrix of cartilage?
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chondroblasts
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What does the perichondrium do?
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made of dense connective tissue
provides mechanical support and protection |
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What are the two types of cartilage growth patterns?
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interstitial and appositional
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What is endochondral ossification?
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bone production from the cartilage of long bones
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What is the head of the cartilagenous portion of bones called?
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epiphysis
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Which cartilage growth pattern is characterized by peripheral growth in thickness or diameter in which stem cells divide to produce chondroblasts
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appositional
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Which cartilage growth pattern is characterized by internal growth in length in which chondrocytes are dividing in lacunae
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interstitial
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What is the matrix of bone?
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calcium phosphate
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What are the different structural classifications of bone?
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long
short flat irregular |
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What are the different histological classifications of bone?
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compact bone
spongy bone |
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What are the four major functions of bone?
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support and protection
movement hemopoiesis storage of minerals and energy reserves (CaPO4, yellow bone marrow) |
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How are short bones formed?
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endochondral ossification
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What is the diaphysis of the bone?
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the shaft
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What is the metaphysis of the bones?
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contains the epiphyseal plate or line
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What does the medullary cavity contain in adults? In children?
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yellow marrow
red marrow |
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What is the layer of cells lining the inner cavity of bones called?
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endosteum
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What is the layer of cells covering the outside of bones called
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periosteum
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How are compact bone and the periosteum connected?
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by peforating fibers
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What are immature bone cells called that build bone by secreting osteoid?
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osteoblasts
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What are mature bone cells called?
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osteocytes
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What are bone cells responsible for bone resorption/ osteoporosis?
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osteoclasts
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condition where bone are immature and unstable: sometimes called Paget's disease
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osteitis deformans
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Which type of bone is lined by endosteum? Periosteum?
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spongy bone
compact bone |
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What is lacunae in bone? How are lacunae connected?
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space
canliculi connect them |
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What is the main structural and functional unit of spongy bone?
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trabeculae
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What is the basic structural and functional unit of compact bone?
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osteon
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What is the canal that runs through the middle of compact bone called?
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central canal
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What is bone formation from within a membrane called? Which bones are formed this way?
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intramembranous ossification
flat bones of skull, some facial bones, mandible, clavicle |
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What is bone growth that happens within cartilage called? Which bones are produced this way?
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endochondral ossification
long bones |
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Order these correctly to show how interstitial growth takes place at the epiphyseal plate
chondrocytes die and disintegrate chondroblasts near epiphyseal plate multiply chondrocytes enlarge and matrix calcifies osteoclasts remodel |
chondroblasts multiply
chondrocytes enlarge chondrocytes die remodeling by osteoclasts |
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What are the four different types of bone fractures? What distinguishes each one
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simple fracture- break doesn't harm skin
open or compound fracture- bone breaks the skin stress fracture- thin break from repetitive loads pathologic fracture- disease (osteoporosis) |
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How does a fracture repair itself? order the steps
hematoma forms bone remodeled hard (bony) callus forms soft (fibrocartilage) callus forms |
hematoma forms
soft callus forms hard callus forms bone remodeled |
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what is the function of red bone marrow? yellow bone marrow?
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blood formation (hemopoiesis)
mineral storage and energy reserve |
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What type of bones are each of the following?
os coxa humerus clavicle metatarsals carpals |
irregular
long flat long short |
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What are the concentric rings on of an osteon in compact bone?
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concentric lamellae
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What is a large, smooth rounded articulating oval structure of bone called?
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condyle
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What is cranial synostosis?
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premature suture formation of babies. This will force a C section
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What is the difference between cleft lip and cleft palate?
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cleft palate is the incomplete fusion of the pallatine process, and cleft lip is the incomplete fusion of maxillary process
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Foramen and canals in the skull function to do what?
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make pathway for blood vessels and nerves
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What are the four different paranasal sinuses?
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ethmoid, frontal, maxillary, sphenoid sinuses
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What are the three important functions of paranasal sinuses?
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warms and humidifies air, makes skull lighter, resonates sound
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How many of each kind of vertebrae are there?
cervical lumbar sacrum coccyx thoracic |
cervical 7
thoracic 12 lumbar 5 sacrum 5 fused coccyx 4 fused |
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What is the center of the intervertebral disc called? What is the outer portion made of fibrocartilage and ligament?
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nucleus pulposus
annulus fibrosus |
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When the annulus fibrosus ruptures what is it called?
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herniated disc
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How many ribs do humans have? How many are true ribs? How many are flase? How many floating ribs?
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12 total ribs
7 true ribs 5 false ribs 2 of the false ribs are floating |
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How many carpals are in the human body? how many phalanges for feet or hands? How many tarsals?
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8 carpals
14 phalanges each hand/foot 7 tarsals 5 metacarpals/tarsals |
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What are the three fused bones that make up the os coxa?
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ilium, ischium, pubis
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Idenify whether the following characteristics indicate a male pelvis vs. a female pelvis
1. tilted forward 2. cavity of true pelvis is broad and shallow 3. bones are heavier and thicker 4. acetabula are closer together 5. more rectangular in shape |
female
female male male female |
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What chemical caused poldactyly, meromelia, and phocomelia? What are these conditions?
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thalidomide
extra digits partial absence of limb short, poorly formed limbs, fin-like |
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What are the four properties of muscle tissue?
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excitability- responds to stimuli from neurons
contractility- able to shorten elasticity- can recoil after contraction extensibility- able to extend |
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What is hyperplasia?
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an increase in cell number
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Which disease cause muscular paralysis?
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botulism
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What is hypertrophy?
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an increase in cell size
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What is atrophy?
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decrease in cell size
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Which disease causes overstimulation of muscles and excessive muscle contraction?
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tetanus
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What are the five functions of muscle tissue?
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movement
maintenance of posture temperature regulation storage and movement of materials joint stabilization |
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what are the three types of muscle?
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cardiac
smooth skeletal |
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What are the shapes of cardiac, smooth and skeletal muscle cells?
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cardiac: branched or Y shaped
smooth: fusiform (spindle) shaped skel: |
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Which muscle type(s) always have more than one nucleus?
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skeletal muscle
(cardiac is sometimes binucleate) |
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Which muscle type has intercalated discs? What function do the discs serve?
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cardiac muscle
so it all beats at once |
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Which type(s) of muscle are involuntary?
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smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
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Which muscle type is NOT striated?
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smooth muscle
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What does flexion refer to? contraction?
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flexing a joint
flexing a muscle |
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What are the four types of muscle tissue wrappings? Order from most deep to most superficial
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endomysium
perimysium epimysium deep fascia |
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What do each of the following muscle tissue wrappings surround?
endomysium perimysium epimysium deep fascia |
endo- surrounds each muscle fiber
peri- surrounds groups of muscle fibers epi- surrounds whole muscle deep fascia- surrounds muslce groups |
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muscles are attached to bones by what?
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tendons
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What is the cell membrane of a muscle fiber called?
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sarcolemma
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What is the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber called?
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sarcoplasm
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When a muscle goes through hypertrophy what exactly is being increased?
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the number of myofibrils
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Order the following from large to small
fascicle muscle fiber myofibril whole muscle acting and myosin myofilament |
whole muscle
fascicle myofibril myofilament actin and myosin |
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What is the functional unit of the skeletal muscle fiber?
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Sarcomere
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What causes muscles to be striated?
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sarcomeres
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How are sarcomeres measured?
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from z disc to z disc
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Actin and myosin. Which is thick filament and which is thin?
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myosin- thick
actin- thin |
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What powers muscle contraction? What triggers it?
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ATP
Calcium ion |
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Why does rigor mortis relax and how long does it take?
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after 15-24 hours the myofibrils begin to deteriorate so the muscles can relax
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Give examples of each type of fascicle arrangement
parallel convergent circular unipennate bipennate multipennate |
parallel (rectus abdominus, sartorius)
convergent (pectoralis major) circular (orbicularis oculi) unipennate (extensor digitorum) bipennate (rectus femoris) multipennate (deltoid) |
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In what six ways are muscles named? Give examples of muscles named by each of the following:
action body region attachments orientation shape/size number of attachments |
action (supinator)
body region (rectus femoris) attachments (sternocleidomastoid) orientation (external oblique) shape/size (gluteus maximus) # of attachments (triceps brachii) |
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Know each of these movements:
flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, inversion, eversion, protraction, retraction, elevation, depression, supination, pronation |
see lab manual
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Condition where muscles enlarge as the muscle cells atrophy. An inherited disorder from the lack of dystrophin.
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Muscular dystrophy
Duchenne is most common and serious |
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Joints are classified into three functional categories. What are they?
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synarthrosis- immovable joints
amphiarthrosis- slightly immovable joints diarthrosis- freely movable joints |
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How are joints classified structurally?
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fibrous (connected by fibrous tissue)
cartilagenous (connected by cartilage) synovial (has joint cavity) |
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What are three examples of fibrous joints?
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gomphoses (teeth)
sutures syndesmoses (interosseus membrane) |
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What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?
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synchondroses (epiphyseal plates)
symphyses (intervertebral discs) |
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What are the main structures of synovial joints?
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bursa (sac with fluid)
fat pads tendons articular capsule (fibrous layer & synovial membrane) |
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What are four major factors of joint health?
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injury (sports)
weight gain lack of exercise Age |
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Which knee ligament prevents posterior movement of the femur?
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anterior cruciate ligament
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Which knee ligament prevents posterior movement of the tibia?
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posterior cruciate ligament
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Which ligament prevents hyperabduction of the knee?
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medial collateral ligament
(lateral collateral ligament prevents hyperadduction) |
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Which type of arthritis is erroneously called wear and tear arthritis?
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osteoarthritis
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Which type of arthritis is an autoimmune disease?
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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What is the easy way to remember the lever systems? Give an example of the types of lever systems.
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123
FRE 1. head with neck as fulcrum (fulcrum in middle) 2. calf with ball of foot as fulcrum (resistence in middle) 3. biceps with elbow as fulcrum (effort in the middle) |
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Which layer lines organs? Which layer lines the cavity wall?
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visceral
parietal |
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Which quadrant contains the liver and gall bladder?
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right upper quadrant
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Which quadrant contains the stomach
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left upper quadrant
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What quadrant contains the intestines, bladder, and appendix
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right lower quadrant
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What quadrant contains the intestines, bladder, but not the appendix?
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left lower quadrant
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how long does the pre-embryonic period last?
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2 weeks
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Which portion of the trophoblast becomes the placenta?
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syncytiotrophoblast
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What are the three divisions of the bilaminar disc?
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inner cell mass
epiblast hypoblast |
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What are the two important things formed by the epiblast?
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embryo and amnion
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What forms the yolk sac?
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hypoblast
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Which layer of the bilaminar disc forms the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm?
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epiblast
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Where does the primitive streak appear?
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dorsal surface of epiblast
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What is gastrulation?
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epiblast cells invaginate through the primitive streak towards the hypoblast
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What is the layer called that is formed by gastrulation that does not come from invaginated epiblast cells?
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ectoderm
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What order are the three embryonic germ layers formed?
mesoderm endoderm ectoderm |
endoderm
mesoderm ectoderm |
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What two germ layers are formed from invagination of the primitive streak?
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mesoderm
endoderm |
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What germ layer is each of the following from?
skin muscle tissue lungs nervous tissue pancreas heart liver kidney small intestine genitals hair teeth |
skin - ectoderm
muscles - mesoderm lungs - endoderm nervous tissue - ectoderm pancreas - endoderm heart - mesoderm liver - mesoderm kidney - mesoderm small intestine - endoderm genitals - mesoderm hair - ectoderm teeth - multiple layers |
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Which type of body folding of the embryo creates the future head and buttocks? What is the other type of body folding?
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cephalocaudal folding
transverse folding |
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What is the function of the notochord?
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stimulates the ectoderm to form the brain and spinal cord (induction)
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What germ layer is the notochord a part of?
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mesoderm
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What is the process called by which one structure influences another structure to change form? (i.e. notchord acting on ectoderm)
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induction
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order these processes from beginning to end
organogenesis gastrulation body folding neurulation |
gastrulation
neurulation body folding organogenesis |
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By what week of embryological development have all the organs developed?
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week 8
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What percentage of infants born after week 25 of development survive?
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95%
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When is a baby considered premature?
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if it is born before week 38
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What percentage of babies are born with serious defects?
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3%
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When are embryos specifically sensitive to teratogens?
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weeks 3-8
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How many binges of alcohol during pregnancy can cause birth defects?
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just one
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By week one of conception how far has the embryo developed? week two?
week three? |
one- blastocyst
two- inner cell mass, trophoblast three- epiblast and hypoblast, formation of three germ layers |
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Which type of tissue cells are polar? What does that mean?
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epithelial
Has a basal and apical layer |
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Where will you find simple squamous epithelium? What function does it serve?
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alveoli and lining of blood vessels
diffusion and filtration |
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Where will you find simple cuboidal epithelium? What is its function?
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thyroid gland, kidney tubules, most glands, ovaries
absorption and secretion |
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Where will you find simple columnar epithelium? what is its function?
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lining of digestive tract, stomach, respiratory tract, uterine tubes
absorption, secretion, movement |
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Where will you find stratified squamous epithelium? what is its function?
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lining of oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, vagina, anus, epidermis
protection |
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Where will you find stratified cuboidal epithelium? what is its function?
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exocrine glands and male urethra
protection and secretion |
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Where will you find stratified columnar epithelium? What is its function?
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some glands and male urethra (Rare)
protection and secretion |
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Where will you find pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium? What is its function?
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respiratory tract, epididymis, male urethra
protection and movement |
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Where will you find transitional epithelium? What is its function?
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ureters, bladder, urethra
distention and relaxation of urinary structures |
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What is the common embryological origin for all connective tissue?
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mesenchyme
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Adipose, areolar, and reticular tissue are examples of what kind of connective tissue?
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loose connective tissue
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What type of connective tissue are ligaments? What about the dermis?
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dense connective tissue for both
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What is the cause of scurvy? What does scurvy cause
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vitamin C deficiency
affects formation of collagen fibers |
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What is the cause of Marfan syndrome? What happens to people who have it?
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genetic disorder (chromosome 15)
abnormal fibrillin, collagen, and elastin |
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T or false? Gangrene can be cause by infection or by diabetes.
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True
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What are the five layers of the epidermis? How may are living?
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stratum corneum
stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale three |
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Which layer(s) of the epedermis is(are) keratinocytes found?
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all layers
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What are the macrophages of the epidermis?
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epidermal dendritic cells (langerhans cells)
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What layer of the epidermis are melanocytes found in?
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stratum basale
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What layer of the epidermis are the tactile cells (merkel cells) found in?
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stratum basale
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Which causes freckles?
excessive melanocyte cells excessive melanocyte activity |
melanocyte activity
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Where do nails grow from?
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the nail matrix
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What causes some hairs to grow long while others don't grow as much?
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hair growth cycles
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What role does testosterone play with male pattern baldness?
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it replaces terminal hair with vellus hair
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What is alopecia?
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loss of hair through aging
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Can burns mature from 1st to 2nd degree if treated poorly?
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yes, don't ice a burn
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What type of skin cancer arises from the keratinocytes?
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squamous cell carcinoma
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Which is more moveable: origin or insertion?
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insertion
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What portion of muscles on a microscopic level conducts impulses to the deepest regions of the cell
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transverse tubules or T tubules
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What shortens during muscle contraction?
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myofibrils
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What are the four brachial muscles?
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biceps brachii
brachialis brachioradialis triceps brachii (not coracobrachialis) |
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What are the rotator cuff muscles?
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supraspinatus
infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis (not teres major) |
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What are the three muscles that insert in the intertubercular groove?
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pectoralis major
teres major latissimus dorsi |
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What are quadriceps muscles?
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vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius vastus medialis rectus femoris |
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What are the hamstring muscles?
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biceps femoris
semimembranosus semitendinosus |
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What is the name of the muscle that is the prime mover?
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agonist
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what is the name of the muscle that assists the prime mover?
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synergist
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What is the name of the muscle that opposes the prime mover?
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antagonist
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What is the name of the muscle that assists the prime mover by stabilizing the joint? Give an example.
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fixator
supinator |
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Order these types of joints from most moveable to least moveable.
synarthrosis, diarthrosis, amphiarthrosis |
diarthrosis
amphiarthrosis synarthrosis |
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What is the name for the peg and socket joint?
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gomphoses (teeth)
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What is the joint where bones are connected exclusively by ligaments?
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syndesmoses (interosseus membrane)
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What is the joint where hyaline cartilage unites the bones?
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synchondroses (costochondral joints)
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What is the joint where fibrocartilage unites bones?
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symphyses (pubic shmphysis)
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Which type of joint has a joint cavity?
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synovial (TMJ)
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The bursa is found in which type of joint?
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synovial joint
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Which type of lever is most common?
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third class lever
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