Anatomy & Physiology Paramedic Chapter 4

Front 1

The strong tendon that joins the muscles in the posterior leg to the calcaneous.

Back 1

Achilles Tendon

Front 2

A cellular protein found in myofilaments that is active in muscular contractions, cellular movement and maintenance of cell shape.

Back 2

Actin Myofilament

Front 3

A change in electrical potential that occurs when a cell or tissue has been activated by a stimulus.

Back 3

Action Potential

Front 4

The short muscle that adducts the thigh.

Back 4

Adductor Brevis

Front 5

The long msucle that adducts the hip.

Back 5

Adductor Longus

Front 6

The area within the pelvis that contains the anus.

Back 6

Anal Triangle

Front 7

Muscles working in opposition to each other.

Back 7

Antagonists

Front 8

A condition caused by damage, either through trauma or infection,to the facial nerve, resulting in an inability to move the facial muscles on the affected side.

Back 8

Bell's Palsy

Front 9

The large portion of muscle between the origin and the insertion.

Back 9

Belly

Front 10

Located in the posterior compartment of the leg, it flexes and laterally rotates the knee and extends the hip.

Back 10

Biceps Femoris

Front 11

An intracellular protein that calcium binds to, resulting in muscle contraction.

Back 11

Calmodulin

Front 12

Muscle that is found only in the heart, providing the contractions needed to propel blood through the circulatory system.

Back 12

Cardiac Muscle

Front 13

An anatomic space within the body that is enclosed by fascia.

Back 13

Compartment

Front 14

Accumulation of blood or fluid in an anatomic compartment, typically following trauma, resulting in compression of blood vessels and tissue damage secondary to ischemia and, if not recognized and promptly treated, death of muscle and loss of the limb.

Back 14

Compartment Syndrome

Front 15

A flattened dome-shaped muscle that is the main muscle of breathing, located at the base of the thorax, seperating the thorax from the abdomen.

Back 15

Diaphragm

Front 16

The delicate connective tissue surrounding individual muscular fibers.

Back 16

Endomysium

Front 17

Groups of muscles that cause extension.

Back 17

Extensor Muscles

Front 18

Fluid outside of the cells.

Back 18

Extracellular Fluid

Front 19

Movement of the eyes in various directions.

Back 19

Extraocular Movements

Front 20

A layer of fibrous connective tissue outside the epimysium that seperates individual muscles.

Back 20

Fascia

Front 21

Groups of muscles that cause flexion when contracted.

Back 21

Flexor Muscles

Front 22

Conduction areas between cells (eg, in visceral smooth muscle) that interconnect individual muscle cells.

Back 22

Gap Junctions

Front 23

An iron-containing pigment found in red blood cells, carries 97% of oxygen.

Back 23

Hemoglobin

Front 24

The end of a muscle that is attached to the bone that is undergoing the greatest movement.

Back 24

Insertion

Front 25

Branching fibers in cardiac muscle that allow action potentials to pass from cell to cell.

Back 25

Intercalated Disks

Front 26

The ability of a muscle to generate its own electrical activity.

Back 26

Intrinsic Automaticity

Front 27

An organic acid that can lower the intracellular pH.

Back 27

Lactic Acid

Front 28

Specialized nerve cells that deliver an impulse to muscle cells, causing them to contract.

Back 28

Motor Neurons

Front 29

One of the two types of smooth muscle, it is formed into sheets of muscle (as in the walls of blood vessels), small bundles of muscles (as in the iris of the eye), or single cells (as in the capsule of the spleen).

Back 29

Multiunit Smooth Muscle

Front 30

Fibers that contract causing movement; three types of muscle are present in the body: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.

Back 30

Muscle

Front 31

A bundle of skeletal muscle cells bound together by connective tissue and forming one of the costituent elements of a muscle.

Back 31

Muscle Fasciculus

Front 32

Threadlike structures that extend from one end of the muscle fiber to the other.

Back 32

Myofibrils

Front 33

The individual protein filaments, composed of either actin or myosin, that make up a myofibril.

Back 33

Myofilaments

Front 34

An iron-containing red pigment, similar to hemoglobin that is found in muscle fibers.

Back 34

Myoglobin

Front 35

A fibrous globulin of muscle that reacts with actin to form actomyosin

Back 35

Myosin Myofilaments

Front 36

The junction between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. One type of a synapse.

Back 36

Neuromusclular Junction

Front 37

A chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse.

Back 37

Neurotransmitter

Front 38

The attachment of muscle to the more stationary of two bones.

Back 38

Origin

Front 39

A tempoarary oxygen deficiency in muscles after strenuous exercise, characterized by heavy breathing until the muscles have been supplied with sufficient oxygen.

Back 39

Oxygen Debt

Front 40

A deep muscle of the medial compartment that adducts, flexes, and internally rotates the thigh.

Back 40

Pectineus Muscle

Front 41

The largest muscle of the chest wall, it adducts and internally rotates the shoulder.

Back 41

Pectoralis Major

Front 42

The connective tissue sheath that surrounds a muscle and forms sheaths for the bundles of muscle fibers.

Back 42

Perimysium

Front 43

The area below the coccygeus and levator ani muscles, which forms the floor of the pelvis.

Back 43

Perineum

Front 44

The proximal portion of the muscle fiber in the neuromuscular junction.

Back 44

Postsynaptic Terminal

Front 45

The distal end of the nerve fiber in the neuromuscular junction.

Back 45

Presynaptic Terminal

Front 46

The muscle in a group of muscles that has the major role in movement.

Back 46

Prime Mover

Front 47

Muscle contained in the anterior compartment of the thigh that extends the knee when contracted.

Back 47

Quadriceps Femoris

Front 48

The linear muscle of the midline of the abdomen.

Back 48

Rectus Abdominis

Front 49

A special group of four muscles that forms a cap over the proximal humerus and ties the humerus to the scapula. It controls rotation at the shoulder joint.

Back 49

Rotator Cuff

Front 50

The thin transparent sheath surrounding a striated muscle fiber.

Back 50

Sarcolemma

Front 51

Any of the repeating structural units of striated muscle fibrils.

Back 51

Sarcomeres

Front 52

A system of membranes that transport materials in muscle cells.

Back 52

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Front 53

The longest muscle in the human body, it is located in the anterior compartment of the thigh and flexes both the hip and knee when it contracts.

Back 53

Sartorius Muscle

Front 54

Muscles of respiration that elevate the first two ribs during inspiration.

Back 54

Scalene Muscles

Front 55

Striated muscles that are under direct volitional control of the brain; also called voluntary muscle.

Back 55

Skeletal Muscle

Front 56

The movement of the myofilaments during contraction of the muscle.

Back 56

Sliding Filament Mechanism

Front 57

Muscle that carries out much of the automatic work of the body, such as moving food through the digestiv tract and dilating and constricting the pupils of the eye; also called involuntary muscle.

Back 57

Smooth Muscle

Front 58

The space between nerves and muscles in the neuromuscular junction across which a nerve impulse is transmitted by a neurotransmitter.

Back 58

Synaptic Cleft

Front 59

Muscles that work together to accomplish a particular movement.

Back 59

Synergists

Front 60

Tough, ropelike cords of fibrous tissue that attach muscles to bones.

Back 60

Tendons

Front 61

A test used to evaluate the integrity of the Achilles tendon for possible rupture.

Back 61

Thompson's Test

Front 62

The region within the pelvis that contains the structures of the urogenital system.

Back 62

Urogenital Triangle

Front 63

Sheets of muscle found in the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts.

Back 63

Visceral Smooth Muscle

Front 64

A layman's term for traumatic soft-tissue injury to the structures of the neck, associated with sudden flexion or extension.

Back 64

Whiplash

Front 65

Supination of the forearm against resistance to evaluate whether a patient has bicipital tendinitis.

Back 65

Yergason's Test