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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell Theory |
Cell is the smallest unit of life Cells come from preexisting cells Everything is made of cells |
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What are the cellular components? |
Plasma membrane Cytoplasm & organelles Nuclear membrane & nucleus |
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What is the cell surface like/What is in the plasma membrane? |
Made up of the phospholipid bilayer. Contains: Integral and peripheral proteins, Carbohydrates in form of glycoproteins and glycolipids, Cholesterol (embedded in phospholipid bilayer), which allows consistency of this |
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What are the functions of membrane proteins (specific to plasma membrane)? (7) |
1. Receptors 2. 2nd messengers 3. Enzymes 4. Channel proteins (gated/open) 5. Carriers 6. Identity 7. CAMs (Cellular Adhesion Molecules) |
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What is the glycocalyx? |
A sugary coating outside the plasma membrane that is secreted by the cell itself into the extracellular fluid. Has a variety of different functions (SEE TABLE). External to plasma membrane, composed of glycolipids and glycoproteins. |
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What are some of the membranous appendages? |
-Microvilli -Cilia -Flagella -Pseudopods |
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What are microvilli? |
Extension of the membrane Increases surface area and allows for absorption Have brush borders |
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What are cilia? |
Extensions of microtubules that protrude beyond the plasma membrane Have 9+2 arrangement Power stroke Primarily for moving things/nutrients |
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What are flagella? |
Motor-like For movement Only in human sperm |
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What are pseudopods? |
"Fake feet" Cellular extensions of membrane for engulfing large items by wrapping around them Example: WBCs engulfing another cell |
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What is cystic fibrosis? |
A genetic condition where the mutation of a specific gene affects a specific produced protein, called CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Trans-Membrane Conductance Regulator) Median life expectancy: ~40 years
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What is the CFTR? What is the major problem with it in cystic fibrosis? |
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Normally in the plasma membrane and allows for chlorine ions to exit In Cystic Fibrosis, the cell makes CFTR in rough ER but the protein cannot leave the chamber after being synthesized; main point: water cannot leave with the protein and therefore mucus is thick and pasty. |
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In Cystic Fibrosis, where are the problem areas with mucus buildup? |
Lungs, Reproductive Tract, Pancreas |
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Treatments for Cystic Fibrosis |
Airway Clearance Inhaled Steroids and/or antibiotics Rx to provide missing pancreatic products IV fluids
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Adults with CF may develop these. |
Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes; mix between Types I and II Diabetes where pancreas is not working properly and cells do not listen
Osteoporosis/Osteopenia |
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Why is CF so common? |
Having 1 copy (hetero-zygotes) may be a survival advantage in certain environments with intestinal parasites |
