Anatomy I - Thoracic Limb

Front 1

Where does biceps brachii originate?

Back 1

supraglenoid tubercle

Front 2

On what side is accessory carpal bone? (it's the big one)

Back 2

lateral-palmar

Front 3

Where are most of vessel and nerves of the nerves of arm?

Back 3

medial; for protection

Front 4

What foramen is found in canine and feline humeri and pass thr. them?

Back 4

dog - supratrochlear foramen:
nothing

cat - supracondylar foramen:
medial nerve

Front 5

What is shelf of distal phalanx covering the root of claw?

Back 5

ungual crest

Front 6

What local thickening of deep fascia hold tendons in place?

Back 6

retinaculum (extensor and flexor)

Front 7

What nerve runs to extensors of the forearm?

Back 7

radial nerve

remember radial nerve dives in forelimb to innervate all 4 tricep heads (extensors of elbow)

Front 8

Where do all tricep (heads) muscles insert?

Back 8

olecranon

Front 9

Where do biceps brachii & brachialis muscles insert?

What innervates em?

Back 9

ulnar & radial tuberosities

musculocutaneous nerve

Front 10

The sharp point on end of spine of scapula?

Back 10

acromion

Front 11

Identify structure highlighted in yellow

Back 11

lateral coronoid process

Front 12

What is process on ulna that fits into supratrochlear foramen, above trochlear notch on radius?

Clinical importance?

Back 12

its the anconeal process

failure of the physis of anconeal process to close at 6 months of age is very common cause of elbow dyplasia and arthritis

Front 13

What happens if there is premature closure of the distal ulnar physis?

Back 13

Cr. curvature of radius and subluxation of elbow

Front 14

Can the distal physes of the forearm normally be palpated in young carnivores?

Back 14

Yes, considerably enlarged, palpated proximal to carpus (flex carpus)

Front 15

What 2 methods of declawing ensures removal of the ungual crest?

Back 15

remove all to P3, or all but base of P3

Front 16

Why do some veterinarians leave the base of P3 in declawing?

Back 16

Preserve insertion of DDF & Digital Pad

Front 17

Why do some surgeons remove all of P3 in declawing?

Back 17

To prevent sequestrum

Front 18

Briefly describe how a dewclaw is removed in a neonate?

Back 18

Prep, cut, dewclaw from metatarsal bones, single absorbable suture

Front 19

With what does the shoulder joint communicate in the canine?

Back 19

Intertubercular (bicipital) bursa

Front 20

Briefly describe a dewclaw removal in older dogs?

Back 20

Prep, Anesthetic, elliptical excision, ligate metatarsal & dorsal proper digital aa, disarticulate P1 from Mt1 if attached, if not just remove, suture

Front 21

What prevents luxation of the shoulder?

Back 21

Thickening of joint capsule (glenohumeral ligaments) & adjacent muscles

Front 22

What part of the humerus is complementary and/or attaches to the glenoid cavity of the scapula?

notice i said GLENOID cavity, NOT supraglenoid cavity. It's glenoid cavity and supraglenoid tubercle

Back 22

head of humerus

Front 23

Where is radius in relation to to ulnar on t.limb?

Back 23

cranial

Front 24

Where do extensors of forearm arise? (origin)

Back 24

lateral epicondyle

Front 25

Where do flexors of forearm arise (origin)?

Back 25

medial epicondyle of humerus

This includes flexor carpi radialis AND
flexor carpi ulnaris (but only humeral head)

Front 26

Where do FLEXORS of forearm insert?

Back 26

flexor carpi radialis inserts into palmer side of metacarpal 2,3

flexor carpi ulnaris inserts into accesory carpal bone

note: humeral head of flexor carpi ulnaris originates on caudal side of forearm (even though it says medial epicondyle) and then inserts laterally - accessory carpal

Front 27

What innervates flexors of forearm?

Back 27

median nerve (innervates flexor of carpi radialis)

ulnar nerve (innervates flexor of carpi ulnaris)

Front 28

What innervates superficial digital flexor?

What innervates deep digital flexor?

Back 28

median nerve

median and ulnar nerves

Front 29

What innervates dorsal carpus or manus?

Back 29

radial nerve

Front 30

What is rotation of forearm laterally?

What muscle resp. for this action? Location?

Back 30

supination

supinator m., originates on lateral epicondyle (then wraps around around cranial surface of forearm)

(but bulk of muscle is attached proximal part of radius, like popliteal m. in hind limb)

Front 31

What is rotation of forearm medially?

What muscle resp. for this action?

Back 31

pronation

pronator teres (thin muscle of medial side)

pronator quadratus - does just the paw (it's very deep)

Front 32

What side is infraspinatus m. on?

What muscle is next to it on same side (cranial)?

What innervates it?

Back 32

lateral side

supraspinatus m.

SUPRASCAPULAR nerve (subscapular is more medial)

Front 33

What innervates subscapularis muscles?

Back 33

subscapular nerve (pretty much its only function)

Front 34

Large muscle arising from ligamentum nuchae, C2 to T10, and inserts on spine of scapula is the ______________

Back 34

trapezius m.

Front 35

What innervates latissimus dorsi muscle?

Bonus: what is its origin?

Back 35

thoracodorsal n.

thoracolumbar fascia

Front 36

Nerve to flexor carpi is _____

Back 36

median

Front 37

Identify this muscle, below subscapularis m.

Back 37

teres major m.

teres = round
(don't see how this helps b/c muscle isn't really round)

Front 38

Identify this muscle, what innervates it

Back 38

TERES MINOR on lateral brachium, just caudal to infraspinatus m.

innervated by axillary nerve

Front 39

identify these 3 nerves

what is their destination?

Back 39

SS MARMU

1. suprascapular n.
2. median n.
3. ulnar n.

median and ulnar (on medial side) separate from eachother, with ulnar n. going to elbow and then later paw

medial n. heads to palmar side of manus (also innervates flexors of digits)

Front 40

Name four extensors of carpus

Back 40

Extensor of carpi radialis
Common digital extensor (analogous to long digital ext. in hindlimb)
Lateral digital extensor
Ulnaris lateralis (looks weird)

Front 41

Name four flexor of carpus

Feed-Skinny-Dogs -Food

Hint: first one has 2 heads!
(first one is hardest)

Back 41

1. Flexor carpi ulnaris (2 heads): on caudal most side
2. SDF (flat)
3. DDF
4. Flexor carpi radialis

Front 42

Where does DDF insert?
Where does SDF insert?

Back 42

P3
P2

Front 43

identify

Back 43

supraglenoid tubercle

Front 44

identify

Back 44

cricoid process

Front 45

identify structure and the one distal to it

name for medial most digit?

Back 45

ungual crest
ungual process

dew claw

Front 46

identify structure and the one distal to it

name for medial most digit?

Back 46

ungual crest
ungual process

dew claw

Front 47

which level of carpal bones communicate?

Back 47

bottom 2?

Front 48

identify

Back 48

supraspinatus fossa

Front 49

medial surface of the calcaneus

Back 49

sustentaculum tali

Front 50

suprahamate process

Back 50

In cat only, part of the acromial part of the deltoid attaches here

Looks like distal point of spine of scapula is called SHP
(i thought this was acromion)

Front 51

sesmoid bones in carpus?

Back 51

o Each digit has 2 PROXIMAL (aka palmar) & 1 DORSAL sesamoid bones at metacarpo-phalangeal joint (MP)

o The main digits (excludes digit 1) also have DORSAL and PALMAR/PROXIMAL sesamoids in the distal interphalangeal joint.

Front 52

primary vein draining thoracic limb?

Back 52

cephalic vein

vein arising on palmar side of paw, returning over tricep brachii m., then under brachiocephalicus m. to empty into EJV.

Front 53

Name large paired lymph node usually found under omotransversarius m.?

Back 53

Superficial cervical lymph node

Front 54

accessory n.

identify
innervates?

Back 54

cranial n.11

innervates trapezius m., omotransversarious m.,
sternocephalicus m.

Front 55

lateral thoracic n.

why clinically significant

Back 55

not really in thoracic limb, but arises from brachial plexus (C8-T2) to innervate cutaneous trunci m., part of paniculus/ cut.trunci response, used to locate spinal cord damage!

Front 56

branch of BRACHIAL ARTERY that passes between radius and ulna bones (near pronator m.)

Back 56

common interosseous a.

Front 57

what lymph node lies on omotransversarius muscle?

Back 57

superf. cervical lymph node

Front 58

what is lymph node under armpit?

Back 58

AXILLARY lymph node (if u didn't know this, bang head against wall)

Front 59

branch of brachial artery that dives between radius and ulna?

Back 59

common interosseous artery