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139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cranial Nerves
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I. Olfactory
II. Optic III. Oculomotor IV. Trochlear V. Trigeminal VI. Abducens VII. Facial VIII. Acoustic (vestibulocochlear) IX. Glossopharyngeal X: Vagus (wander. 90% GI tract) XI. Accessory XII. Hypoglossal |
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Cranial Nerves that are sensory nerves
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I. Olfactory
II. Optic VIII. Acoustic (vestibulocochlear) |
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Cranial Nerves that are motor nerves
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III. Oculomotor
IV. Trochlear VI. Abducens VII. Facial XI. Accessory XII. Hypoglossal |
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Cranial Nerves that are both sensory and motor nerves
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V. Trigeminal
IX. Glossopharyngeal X. Vagus |
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Axial Muscles
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Have both their origins and insertions on parts of the axial skeleton
Support the head and spinal column Are used in facial expression, chewing, and swallowing Aid in breathing and support/protect the abdominal and pelvic organs |
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Origin of muscles of Facial Expression
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Superficial Fascia or on the skull
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Insertion of muscles of Facial Expression
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superficial fascia of the skin
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Most of the facial expression are innervated by what cranial nerve?
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VII: Facial Nerve
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Grinning muscle
(in concert with Zygomaticus major) :raises angle of mouth |
Risorius
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Elevates angle of oris
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Levator Anglui Oris
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Frowning muscles
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Depressor anguli oris
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Blink/close eye
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Orbicularis oculi
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Mouth muscles
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Orbicularis oris
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Muscle over frontal bone
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Frontalis
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Muscle over Occipital bone
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Occipitalis
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Platy
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flat
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Pter
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wing
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Masseter
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Mastication
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Connecting frontalis with occipitalis
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aponeurosis
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wrinkle forehead/raise eyebrows
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Frontal Belly of occipitofrontalis
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Smile
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Zygomaticus major
(with risorius) |
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tense skin of neck
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platysma
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close mouth/kiss
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orbicularis oris
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Compresses cheek against teeth when we eat to keep food from getting into the vestibule. Also used to compress air in the oral cavity to do activities such as play a wind instrument
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buccinator
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Originate from a common tendinous ring in the posterior orbit and attach onto the anterior sclera of the eye
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the 6 extrinsic eye muscles
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6 extrinsic eye muscles
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superious rectus
inferiorus rectus medial rectus lateral rectus superior oblique inferior oblique |
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CN III pulls eye medially
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medial rectus
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CN VI pulls eye laterally
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lateral rectus
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CN III pulls eye inferiorly
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inferior rectus
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CN III pulls eye superiorly
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Superior rectus
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CN III elecates and turns eye laterally
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Inferior oblique
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CN IV depresses and turns eye laterally
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superior oblique
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Muscles of mastication
All innervated by CN V3 (Trigeminal V3) |
Temporalis
Masseter Lateral and medial pterygoids |
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Elevates and retracts the mandible (closes the mouth). Fan-shaped from eye to ear.
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Temporalis
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Elevates and retracts the mandible (closes the mouth)
overlying the cheek |
Masseter
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protracts and moves the mandible from side to side while chewing
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Lateral and medial pterygoids
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The tongue is comprised of _______ muscles that curl, squeeze, and fold the tongue
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intrinsic
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The _____ tongue muscles attach to the tongue and cause the tongue to perform other movements such as protraction, retraction, depression, and elevation
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extrinsic
Genioglossus Styloglosus Hyoglossus Palatoglossus |
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Primary pharyngeal muscles
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Superior constrictor
middle constrictor inferior constrictor Contract sequentially to initiate swallowing |
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Muscles of anterior neck
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Syprahyoid & infrahyoid
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Muscles of anterior neck superior to the hyoid bone. Floor of the mouth.
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Syprahyoid
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Muscles of the anterior neck inferior to the hyoid bone. Small strap muscles.
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Infrahyoid
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Most major anterolateral neck muscle
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Sternocleidomastoid
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Bilateral contraction SCM
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Neck flexion
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Unilateral contraction SCM
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lateral flexion and rotation of head to opposite side
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Muscle of vertebral column that maintains posture to stand erect.
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Erector Spinae.
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Major muscle of breathing. Has central tendon.
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diaphragm
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Dome-shaped muscle that physically separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
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Diaphragm
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Muscles of Abdominal Wall
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External oblique
Internal oblique Transverse abdominis Rectus abdominis |
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Most superficial lateral muscle directed inferomedial. Ab wall.
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External oblique
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Middle of the three lateral muscles directed inferolaterally. Ab wall.
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Internal oblique.
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Deepest of three lateral muscles directed horizontal. Ab wall.
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Transverse abdominis
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Anterior muscle connecting to the sternum and pubic bone. Divided into 3 muscle segments
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Rectus abdominis
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Pelvic diaphragm
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support pelvic organs
control defecation control urination reproductive processes such as erection and ejaculation |
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asswiping muscle
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latissimus dorsi
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Two appendicular muscles that move glenohumeral joint/arm yet are on the axial skeleton
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Pectoralis Major
Latissimus Dorsi |
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9 muscles that have their origins on the scapula and move the glenohumeral joint/arm
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deltoid
coracobrachialis teres major triceps brachii biceps brachii Rotator cuff muscles (4) |
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Rotator Cuff Muscles
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Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis |
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Pronation muscles
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pronator quadratus
pronator teres |
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Supination muscle
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supinator
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Most muscles moving wrist joint, hand, and fingers
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originate in forearm and are called extrinsic muscles
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Muscles of anterior forearm originate ___ & produce ____ of the wrist, hand, and fingers.
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on the medial epicondyle of the humerus; flexion
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Muscles of posterior forearm originate _____ & produce ______ of the wrist, hands, and fingers
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on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus; extension
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Except for the ___________, muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm produce flexion
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pronator muscles
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As tendon of anterior forearm muscles cross over anterior surface of carpal bones, held in place by:
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flexor retinaculum
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Space between carpal bones and flexor retinaculum is the
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carpal tunnel
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3 groups muscles intrinsic to the hand
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Thenar group
Hypothenar group Midpalmer group |
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Muscles flex the hip joint/thigh
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Psoas major
Iliacus Sartorius |
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Muscle of the lateral thigh
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Tensor Fasciae Latae. Attaches to iliotibial tract
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Muscles of posterior thigh
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Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus |
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Muscles of anterior thigh causing extension of knee joint/leg
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quadriceps femoris
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Hamstrings
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Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus |
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Muscles that move the ankle, foot, and toes
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crural muscles
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Muscles of anterior leg that dorsiflex the foot and extend the toes.
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extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus tibialis anterior |
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Muscles that are powerful evertors and weak plantar flexors.
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Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis |
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Muscles of the posterior leg
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gastrocnemius
soleus flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus tibialis posterior |
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plantar surface of foot supported by
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plantar aponeurosis
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Surface anatomy is a branch of gross anatomy using 4 techniques for examining:
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Inspection
Palpation Percussion Auscultation |
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Cranium is divided into 3 regions
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Frontal
Temporal Occipital |
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Face's 5 regions:
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Auricular (Pinna)
Orbital Nasal (Nares) Oral Buccal Mental (Rodin's The Thinker) |
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Nasal hairs
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vibrissae
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Auricular Region of the face, composed of visible structures of the ear and the ear's internal structures. They are (3)
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Auricle: fleshy part of outer ear
External acoustic meatus: Opening within the auricle Mastoid process: posterior and inferior to the auricle |
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Orbital region of the face including eyeballs and associated structures
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Eyebrows: protect against sunlight and mechanical damage
Eyelids: protect against objects moving close to the eye |
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Nasal region of the face, contains nose and other structures:
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Bridge: formed by 2 nasal bones
Dorsum nasi: Fleshy part of the nose Apex: tip of the nose Nostrils (external nares): paired openings into the noe Ala Nasi: the flared posterolateral margin of each nostrill |
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Oral region of the face inferior to the nasal region, includes:
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Buccal region: cheek
Lips (labia): fleshy upper/lower lips Oral cavity: mouth when opened Philtrum: midline vertical depression between the nose and upper lip |
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Buccal Region of the face, referring to the cheek
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Within the region is the buccinator muscle
Region ends superolaterally as the zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch |
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Mental region of the face:
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Chin = Mentum.
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The ____ region os probably the most complex area of the body
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neck
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Neck divided into 3 regions
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Anterior
Posterior Lateral |
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Anterior region of the neck includes
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Larynx (voice box)--middle of neck
Thyroid Cartilage (Adam's apple) Trachea Suprasternal notch--on superior border of the manubrium of the sternum. |
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Posterior region of the neck includes
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Houses spinal cord and cervical vertebrae. Contains:
1. Spinous process of verterbra prominens (C7) 2. Ligamentum nuchae (thick ligament extending from C7 to nuchal lines of the skull) |
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Lateral region of the neck--most prominent muscles?
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Sternocleidomastoid
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Sternocleidomastoid divides lateral region of neck into
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Anterior triangle: anterior to SCM and inferior to mandible
& Posterior triangle: posterior to SCM, superior to clavicle, and anterior to trapezius |
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Anterior triangle contains
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Lymph nodes which may become enlarged in infection
Submandibular salivary gland Carotoid artery and internal jugular vein Thyroid gland and overlying strap muscles of the neck |
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Posterior triangle contains
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External jugular vein
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) Brachial plexus Subclavian artery and vein |
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Truck partitioned into 3 regions
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Thorax: Superior portion of trunk
Abdominopelvic: inferior to thorax or ribcage. Back |
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Thorax contains 6 structures
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Clavicles
Sternal notch Costal margins Infrasternal angle Sternum Sternal angle (articulation of the 2nd rib with the sternum) |
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Abdominopelvic region contains 6 structures
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Umbilicus
Linea alba Pubic bone Rectus abdominus Anterior superior iliac spine Inguinal ligament |
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Back region contains
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Lateral and medial borders of the scapula and spine of the scapula
The triangle of auscultation |
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Triangle of auscultation's 3 muscles
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Rhomboid major
Trapezius Latissimus dorsi ("widest") |
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Why is shoulder and upper limb region clinically important?
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Frequent trauma to these body regions
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Shoulder/upper limb divided into
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Shoulder
Axilla Arm Forearm Hand |
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Shoulder comprised of
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Clavicle
Acromion of scapula Deltoid muscle: a frequent site of intramuscular injections |
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Axillary lymph nodes
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drain the mammary glands and upper limb
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Anterior axillary fold formed by what muscle?
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Pectoralis major
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Posterior axillary fold formed by what muscles?
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Latissimus dorsi & Teres major
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What vein is evident along the medial side of the arm?
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Basilic vein
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The Briachial artery does what?
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becomes subcutaneous along the medial side of the arm and is clinically important in the measure of blood pressure
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What muscle becomes prominent when the elbow is flexed?
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Biceps brachii
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The ________ is a depression on the anterior elbow region
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cubital fossa
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What vein resides in the cubital fossa and is a source for venipuncture?
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Median cubital vein
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What artery can be palpated medial to the biceps tendon?
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Bracheal artery
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The _______ forms the bulk of the posteriur brachium
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triceps brachii
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Three bony prominences are present at the distal end of the brachium:
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Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Olecranon of the ulna Medial epicondyle of the humerus |
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What is the funny bone?
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The ulnar nerve being compressed against the medial epicondyle
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The styloid process of the radius is easily palpable as a _____ bump along the wrist
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lateral
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The styloid process of the ulna forms the _____ process of the wrist
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medial
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The pulse of the radial artery can be found between what tendons?
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Flexor carpi radialis and the brachioradialis
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Thenar emenance is where?
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At the base of the thumb
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What characteristic of the hand is at the base of the little finger?
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Hypothemar eminence
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Lower limb regions important with respect to locomotion
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gluteal region
thigh leg foot |
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Why do nurses give shots in the gluteus medius instead of maximus?
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Sciatic nerve is in the maximus
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The femoral triangle's clinical importance?
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It contains the femoral artery, vein and nerve and can be used as a pressure point for controlling lower limb hemorrhage.
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At the distal part of the thigh, 3 of the 4 ____________ muscles can be palpated
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quadriceps femoris
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On the posterior thigh, the distal tendinous attachments of the _________ can be palapated when the knee is flexed
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Hamstrings
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Hamstrings help form superior borders of the ___________ which is the depression of the posterior knee
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popliteal fossa
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The __________ can be palpated on the anterior surface just inferior to the knee joint
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Tibial tuberosity
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At the distal end of the leg are the ___ & ___
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medial malleolus and lateral malleolus
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What tendon can be palpated on the posteroinferior leg?
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Calcaneal tendon (Achille's)
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Most muscles moving the toes are
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on the legs
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All hamstring muscles work together in which actions?
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Extending the thigh and flexing the leg.
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Deltoid does what?
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Abducts the shoulder
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Extrinsic eye muscle that elevates the eye is:
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Superior rectus
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The dividing point for anterior neck muscles is?
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The Hyoid bone
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What muscles extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm?
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Latissimus Dorsi
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What muscle extends the elbow?
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The triceps brachii
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What muscles affect the motion of the thumb collectively?
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Thenar group
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What do the posterior muscles of the leg do for the foot?
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Plantar flex the foot and flexes the toes.
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What muscle is the calf?
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Gastrocnemius
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