Anatomy And Physiology Lab Midterm

Front 1

What are the four types of tissues?

Back 1

epithelial, connective, nervous and muscular tissues

Front 2

What type of tissue makes up the trachea?

Back 2

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Front 3

What is the lining of the lumen of the esophagus made of?

Back 3

stratified squamous epithelium

Front 4

What are the three types of muscle cells?

Back 4

cardiac, smooth and skeletal

Front 5

What are the striations in the longitudinal muscle section?

Back 5

alternating bands of myofilaments

Front 6

What are myofilaments made of?

Back 6

actin and myosin

Front 7

What type of muscle makes up the trachea?

Back 7

circular smooth muscle

Front 8

Where can you find the connective tissue on the trachea and what kind is it?

Back 8

on the outer layer that looks like swiss cheese, it is cartilage

Front 9

What do the cells look like of the connective tissue of the trachea? What are their function?

Back 9

widely dispersed cells in a ground substance matrix, gives the tissue both strength and flexibility

Front 10

What make up the ground bone and what type of tissue is it?

Back 10

connective tissue, made up of Haversian canals, surrounded by alternating layers of intercellular matrix and cells that make up the Haversian sys.

Front 11

What tissue type is blood?

Back 11

connective tissue

Front 12

What is the function of the cilia in the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

Back 12

moves dust and other unwanted particles out. have one nucleus for each cell

Front 13

What are buccal cells and how can you observe them?

Back 13

add methylene blue solution, cheek cells

Front 14

What kind of tissue are buccal cells? and who should see the Barr bodies?

Back 14

stratified squamous epithelium, women should see the barr bodies

Front 15

What is brownian movement?

Back 15

the bombardment of molecules to create an effect of diffusion the movement of molecules from a high con. to a low conc.

Front 16

What is turbidity?

Back 16

suspended solutes, cloudiness in solution

Front 17

What is peritoneal dialysis?

Back 17

to get material to leave the blood and enter the peritoneal space where the fluid can be drained. Used in renal failure

Front 18

How is osmosis important in diarrhea and what causes diarrhea?

Back 18

person is missing lactase and the lactose passes through the large intestines where bacteria it down, now the osmotic consequences there is too many molecules and they move out of the system.

Front 19

Why does turbidity occur?

Back 19

cells are present for light to reflect off and this causes turbidity

Front 20

When looking at RBC's under a microscope you notice the cells are football shaped. When your lab partner adds soltn. the cells take a thin shape, rice-shaped objects. What kind of soltn. is added?

Back 20

hypertonic solution

Front 21

True/False: Barr bodies are found when a Y chromosome is present.

Back 21

false. just the X chromosome

Front 22

Match the tissue type to the correct structure.
_pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
_connective tissue
-stratified squamous
-muscle

Back 22

A. esophagus
b. blood
c. skeletal
d. trachea

Front 23

What is the function of the spleen?

Back 23

removal of RBC's

Front 24

What does the esophagus run through? and describe this organ.

Back 24

diaphragm, tough piece of connective tissue that has muscle and contracts and pulls down

Front 25

How many lobes does a lung have?

Back 25

3 usually

Front 26

Which ones have monogastric stomachs and which ones have a ruminant stomach?
new born calf, sheep, pig

Back 26

pig-monogastric, sheep and new born calf-ruminant

Front 27

What will you see under a miscroscope in the rumen fluid?

Back 27

bacteria and ciliated protozoa

Front 28

What is the inner lining of the esophagus? and outside lining?

Back 28

serosa on the outside, 2 layers of smooth muscle

Front 29

What is the omentum?

Back 29

joined to stomach, huge collection of fat and blood vessels and lies over the intestines, used to wrap food in sometimes

Front 30

What is the rumen of the stomach made of?

Back 30

papillae

Front 31

How does the reticullum look in the stomach?

Back 31

like honeycomb

Front 32

Where does the esophagus come into in the stomach? and what is the function of this lobe?

Back 32

the omasum, water goes into the blood

Front 33

What are the folds of the stomach called?

Back 33

rugae

Front 34

Where does the food leave the stomach?

Back 34

out of the duodenum

Front 35

When food leaves the stomach what is it called?

Back 35

chyme

Front 36

What fluid comes out of the gall bladder and what is its function?

Back 36

bile comes out, acts as a detergent to emulsify the fat, breaks it down into lipid droplets so that you can't see it now

Front 37

What is the one part of the body that can regenerate?

Back 37

the liver

Front 38

Where is the location of the large intestines?

Back 38

right beside the stomach

Front 39

What is the junction in which the small intesttines meets the large intestines?

Back 39

the ileocecal colonic junction

Front 40

What is the blind ended part of the large intestines called?

Back 40

the cecum

Front 41

What is the tooth made of?

Back 41

a type of connective tissue around the root

Front 42

Where are the taste buds located?

Back 42

on foliate papillae

Front 43

What is the junction called that leads the esophagus to the gastric pits of the stomach?

Back 43

the esophagus-stomach junction

Front 44

What type of tissue covers the stomach?

Back 44

simple columnar epithelium

Front 45

What parts of the body does glucose function in?

Back 45

the brain, heart and muscle function

Front 46

What can glucose be derived from?

Back 46

lipid (VFA's) or protein

Front 47

Rank the order of the glucose levels in each of the following animals: pig, cow, chicken

Back 47

chicken, pig, cow

Front 48

What enzyme does ruminants produce for dealing with milk protein? and where is it produced?

Back 48

rennin, abomasum

Front 49

What is the commercial rennin called? and what is it derived from?

Back 49

emporase, bacteria

Front 50

What does a person usually have when flies come around when a person has just peed.

Back 50

diabetes mellitus

Front 51

What is histology?

Back 51

the microscopic structures of the organ and tissues of the body.

Front 52

Where is the gray matter located in the spinal cord?

Back 52

in the center

Front 53

Where are NCB's located in the spinal cord? and what do they look like?

Back 53

in the grey matter, dark orange shapes with a large nucleus present

Front 54

Where is the white matter located in the spinal cord?

Back 54

on the outside

Front 55

Where are the axons located on the spinal cord?

Back 55

in the white matter, in a cross section appear as hollow tubes

Front 56

Where will you find the meninges of the spinal cord?

Back 56

around the outside of the spinal cord, around it

Front 57

What are the layers of the meninges?

Back 57

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

Front 58

What is a ganglion and where do you fin dit?

Back 58

a collection of NCb outside the spinal cord, the CNS

Front 59

Where motor neurons come out of the spinal cord?

Back 59

dorsal gray matter

Front 60

What is the artery made of?

Back 60

circular smooth muscle, nuclei that circle the lumen and connective tissue around the blood vessel that keeps the blood pressure up

Front 61

What is a nerve?

Back 61

a collection of axons

Front 62

How do our systems create senses?

Back 62

convert incoming energy (light, heat, pressure and sound waves) into neural singla. analogous ot the afferent loop of a reflex arc

Front 63

What are the five senes?

Back 63

smell, sight, touch, sound, taste

Front 64

What type of receptors are responsible for the internal sensations?

Back 64

exteroceptors, interoceptors, proprioceptors

Front 65

What is the signal for internal and external sense organs?

Back 65

environmental disturbance

Front 66

What is the sclerotic coat?

Back 66

the tough, white outer layer which protects and gives the shape to the eyeball

Front 67

What is the sclera?

Back 67

a place for muscle attachment to move the eye, the white of the eye

Front 68

What is the cornea?

Back 68

a transparent outer covering of the eye, which is an extension of the sclera, curved surface for focusing light rays

Front 69

What is the conjunctiva?

Back 69

a thin membrane continuous with the inner surface of the eyelid and the adhering to the cornea

Front 70

What happens when there is an abnormality in the cornea? what is it called?

Back 70

blurry vision and out of focus images, called astigmatism

Front 71

What is the layer under the sclera?

Back 71

the choroid, prevents internal reflection of light rays, vascular

Front 72

What part of the eye improves light in low light conditions and where is it

Back 72

tapetum lucidum, part of the choroid layer, with an irrdescent or metallic luster, reflects some light back to the retina

Front 73

What are the reason for eyes shining in light?

Back 73

scotophase

Front 74

What is the ciliary body?

Back 74

the anterior thickening of the choroid layer and the ciliary muscles used for focusing on ner objects

Front 75

what is the iris?

Back 75

a forward extension of the choroid layer, regulates the amount of light passing through the lens, radial and circular smooth muscle