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298 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The percentage of blood volume occupied by erythrocytes is called the ________.
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Hematocrit
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Which of the following is not a role of albumin?
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It serves an immune system function
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Which of the following is a characteristic of a mature erythrocyte?
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It has a biconcave disc shape
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One molecule of hemoglobin can bind a maximum of _____ oxygen molecules.
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Four
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Erythropoiesis is best defined as:
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red blood cell production
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Erythropoietin is made primarily by the:
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Kidneys
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Aging red blood cells are fragmented and trapped in the:
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Spleen
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A patient who lacks intrinsic factor would likely develop:
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pernicious anemia
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The migration of white blood cells out of the capillary blood vessels is called:
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diapedesis
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The most numerous type of white blood cell is?
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Neutrophil
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Highly phagocytic cell with a "U" shaped nucleus?
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Macrophage
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Bilobed nucleus and dark-staining cytoplasmic granules?
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Basophil
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Small agranulocyte that can live for years?
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Lymphocyte
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Has a role in killing parasitic worms
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Eosinophil
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What is considered a lymphocyte?
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B cell
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Overproduction of white blood cells is called:
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leukopoiesis
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Platelets are derived from:
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megakaryocytes
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What is the correct sequence of hemostasis from start to end?
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vascular spasm, platelet plug formation and then coagulation
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What is true regarding the extrinsic pathway of blood clotting?
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The extrinsic pathway is triggered by tissue factor.
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Inhibits coagulation
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Heparin
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Converts fibrinogen to fibrin
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Thrombin
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Generates thrombin
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Prothrombin activator
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Fibrin-digesting enzyme
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Plasmin
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Stimulates blood vessel healing
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Platelet-derived growth factor
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A free-floating blood clot is called a?
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embolus
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Blood type is determined by:
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glycoproteins present on the surface of erythrocytes.
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This disease can develop when an Rh- woman is pregnant with an Rh+ baby.
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Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
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Would make antibodies to the A agglutinogen but not the B agglutinogen
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Person with type B blood
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Would make antibodies to the B agglutinogen but not the A agglutinogen
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Person with type A blood
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Would have type A and B agglutinogens
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Person with type AB blood
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Would make antibodies to the A and B agglutinogens
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Person with type O blood
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What is a true statement about fetal hemoglobin.
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Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than does adult hemoglobin.
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The percentage of blood volume occupied by erythrocytes is called the ________.
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hematocrit
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What are some roles of albumin?
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Albumin is the primary protein found in plasma. It constitutes about 60% of plasma protein. It has a significant role in regulating plasma osmotic pressure. It also acts as a carrier protein and a blood buffer.
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What is a characteristic of a mature erythrocyte?
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It has a biconcave disc shape.
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One molecule of hemoglobin can bind a maximum of _____ oxygen molecules.
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Four
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Erythropoiesis is best defined as:
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red blood cell production
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Erythropoietin is made primarily by the:
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Kidneys
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Aging red blood cells are fragmented and trapped in the:
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Spleen
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A patient who lacks intrinsic factor would likely develop:
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pernicious anemia.
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The migration of white blood cells out of the capillary blood vessels is called:
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diapedesis
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Overproduction of white blood cells is called:
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leukocytosis
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Blood type is determined by:
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Blood type is determined by glycoproteins (agglutinogens) present on the surface of erythrocytes.
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Each hemoglobin molecule has ______ polypeptide chains: two alpha chains and two beta chains.
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Four
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Eosinophils are _________ that fight parasitic infection or allergic reaction.
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leukocytes
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Hemoglobin serves to transport oxygen and ___________.
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Carbon dioxide
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___________ contains water, proteins, nutrient molecules, and hormones.
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Plasma
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__________ are sometimes found in circulating blood and are filled with hemoglobin and some ribosomes.
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Reticulocytes
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The _________ in centrifuged blood contains leukocytes and platelets.
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Buffy coat
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The RBC count in both ______ is between 5.1 and 5.8 million per microliter of blood.
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men
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B-complex vitamins are essential for the synthesis of ______.
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RBC
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When oxygen is bound to hemoglobin it becomes ____________.
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oxyhemoglobin
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One of the ________ functions of blood is to maintain normal temperatures in body tissues.
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regulatory
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The most abundant component of plasma is _________.
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Water
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_____________ of blood include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
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Formed elements
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___________ is the protein that makes red blood cells red.
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Hemoglobin
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Blood cell formation is referred to as __________.
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hemopoiesis (or hematopoiesis).
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Dissolved proteins are an important part of ____________.
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blood clotting
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________ is important in the regulation of the body's pH.
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Blood
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A healthy adult male has approximately ___ liters of blood.
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5-6
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A major plasma protein that maintains the blood osmotic pressure is:
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albumin
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Diapedesis refers to:
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passage of white blood cells through intact vessel walls into tissues.
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Granulocytes include:
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Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils
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Mature red blood cells in the circulating blood are filled with:
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hemoglobin molecules.
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Pernicious anemia may result from:
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the lack of vitamin B12 in diet or deficiency of intrinsic factor needed to absorb B12.
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The final step in clot formation is:
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Coagulation or blood clotting
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The most numerous leukocyte is the:
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Neutrophils
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The terms biconcave and anucleated apply to:
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red blood cells.
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Which leukocyte contains histamine in its granules?
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Basophils
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What is a protective function of blood?
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Preventing infection
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What is the life span of platelets?
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5-10 days
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What property do white blood cells have in common?
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WBCs are nucleated and have a protective function.
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Individuals with malaria have a better chance of surviving if they have which type of anemia?
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sickle-cell anemia
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What types of white blood cells kills parasitic worms, destroys antibody complexes, and inactivates some inflammatory chemicals of allergy?
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Eosinophils
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What is a function of neutrophils?
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Phagocytize bacteria
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What is a function of erythrocytes?
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Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
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What is a function of basophils?
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Release histamine during allergic reaction
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What is a function of lymphocytes?
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Destruction of virus-containing cells
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The percentage of total volume used to determine the number of erythrocytes in a blood sample is referred to as the:
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hematocrit
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The buffy coat that appears after a sample of blood has been centrifuged contains:
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WBC
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What has the greatest effect on making RBCs very efficient oxygen transporters?
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They generate ATP by anaerobic mechanisms and do not consume any of the oxygen they carry.
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Another term for reduced hemoglobin is:
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deoxyhemoglobin
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____________ is an illustration of iron deficiency seen in individuals who have expanded their blood by increased activity.
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Athlete's anemia
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The process of actively metabolizing oxygen to produce bleach and hydrogen to kill bacteria is known as:
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Respiratory burst
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What is responsible for limiting a platelet plug to the immediate area of damage?
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Prostacyclin
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Erythroblastosis fetalis is caused by:
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Rh incompatibility between an Rh-negative mother and her Rh-positive baby during pregnancy would cause erythroblastosis fetalis
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What plasma expanders would be associated with the least complications?
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Ringer's solution
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Eighty-five percent of Americans carry the ______ Rh agglutinogen on their RBCs.
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D
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Which antibodies would be found in the serum of a person with AB blood?
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A person with AB blood has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies.
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Differentiate into macrophages:
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Monocyte
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Form a temporary plug at the site of bleeding
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Platelets
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Increase in number significantly during bacterial infections
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Neutrophils
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Play a critical role in immunity
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Lymphocyte
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Contain the anticoagulant heparin granules
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Basophils
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Have both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
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Type O
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Have both antigens A and B
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Type AB
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Have only anti-A antibody
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Type B
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Have the antigen A
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Type A
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Match each of the following functions of blood with the correct example.
Distribution |
Delivering oxygen from the lungs
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Match each of the following functions of blood with the correct example.
Regulation |
Maintaining appropriate body temperature
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Match each of the following functions of blood with the correct example.
Protection |
Preventing infection
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Match each component of plasma with its description and/or importance.
Water |
Ninety percent of plasma volume; dissolving and suspending medium for solutes of blood
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Match each component of plasma with its description and/or importance.
Albumin |
Produced by liver; exerts osmotic pressure to maintain water balance between blood and tissues
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Match each component of plasma with its description and/or importance.
Globulins |
Involved in transport of lipids; involved in immune response
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Match each component of plasma with its description and/or importance.
Non-protein nitrogenous substances |
Byproducts of cellular metabolism (urea, uric acid)
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Match each component of plasma with its description and/or importance.
Electrolytes |
Sodium, calcium, potassium, chloride, phosphate, sulfate
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Match the following disorders with the appropriate descriptions.
Porphyria |
Caused by defective synthesis of heme groups and production of nonfunctional hemoglobin molecules
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Match the following disorders with the appropriate descriptions.
Hemorrhagic anemias |
Result from bleeding
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Match the following disorders with the appropriate descriptions.
Aplastic anemia |
Results from destruction or inhibition of the red marrow by certain bacterial toxins, drugs, and ionizing radiation
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Match the following disorders with the appropriate descriptions.
Iron-deficiency anemia |
Can result from inadequate intake of iron-containing foods and impaired iron absorption
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Match the following disorders with the appropriate descriptions
Sickle-cell anemia |
Caused by abnormal hemoglobin from a change in DNA, resulting in a change in one of the 287 amino acids
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Match the following types of blood cell formed elements with the appropriate descriptions.
Neutrophils |
The most numerous of white blood cells; stain pale lilac since the very fine granules take up both acid and basic stains
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Match the following types of blood cell formed elements with the appropriate descriptions.
Eosinophils |
Their deep red nucleus has two lobes connected by a broad band of nuclear material; large, coarse granules stain red with acid dyes
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Match the following types of blood cell formed elements with the appropriate descriptions.
Basophils |
Their cytoplasm contains large, coarse granules that stain purplish-black from basic dyes.
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Match the following types of blood cell formed elements with the appropriate descriptions.
Agranulocytes |
Their cytoplasm lacks visible cytoplasmic granules.
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Match the following types of blood cell formed elements with the appropriate descriptions.
Platelets |
Not complete cells, but fragments of cells; very small compared to other cellular components
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Match the following components of the clotting mechanism with the appropriate functions.
Von Willebrand factor (VWF) |
Assist platelets to adhere to the collagen fibers
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Match the following components of the clotting mechanism with the appropriate functions.
Tissue factor (TFIII), or tissue thromboplastin |
Triggers the "shortcut" extrinsic mechanism that bypasses several steps of the intrinsic pathway
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Match the following components of the clotting mechanism with the appropriate functions.
Prothrombin |
Inactive form of thrombin
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Match the following components of the clotting mechanism with the appropriate functions.
Thrombin |
Catalyzes conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin strands
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Match the following components of the clotting mechanism with the appropriate functions.
Serum |
Plasma minus the clotting proteins
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Match each of the following parts of separated blood with its definition.
Buffy coat |
Thin white colored area in centrifuged blood that contains WBC and platelets
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Match each of the following parts of separated blood with its definition.
Hematocrit |
Erythrocyte portion of centrifuged blood
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Match each of the following parts of separated blood with its definition.
Plasma |
The liquid portion of centrifuged blood that sits atop everything else
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Drinking alcoholic beverages _________ urine output because it causes increased activity by ADH.
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increases
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FSH and LH cause the maturation of the ______ and ______.
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sperm and oocytes.
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Sympathetic nerve stimulation causes the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the ____________.
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adrenal medulla
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The destruction of beta cells of the pancreas is an autoimmune condition characteristic of ___________.
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type I diabetes
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The hormones of the _____ gland are essential in the formation of immune cells.
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thymus
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The _______ is considered both an endocrine and an exocrine gland.
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pancreas
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The secretion of _________ follows a night-day cycle, becoming high at night and low during daylight.
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melatonin
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The skin, the heart, and the kidneys contain cells or tissues that produce _________.
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hormones
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The synthesis and release of most hormones are regulated by a _________-feedback system.
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negative
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The target tissues for________ are the smooth muscle cells of the uterus and the myoepithelial cells of the mammary glands.
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oxytocin
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________ are chemical substances secreted into the extracellular fluids
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Hormones
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Most hormones can be classified chemically as either ______ or _____.
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amino-acid based or steroids
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Hormones are "long-distance" chemical signals that travel in blood or ______ throughout the body.
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lymph
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__________ are released into the extracellular fluid and affect only adjacent cells in the same tissue.
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Local hormones
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Hormones that are derived from cholesterol are called _______.
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steroids
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Hormones may communicate with their ___________ by binding to an extracellular receptor.
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target cells
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________ hormones may communicate with their target cells by direct gene activation.
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Steroid
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A hormone will affect only its _______ cells.
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target
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The hypothalamus regulates activity of the _______ gland.
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pituitary
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Thymic hormones are involved in _________.
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immunity
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A hormone that exhibits _________ will increase the action of another hormone.
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synergism
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What is NOT a major endocrine organ, but produces hormones in addition to its major function?
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Kidneys
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Steroid hormones influence cellular activities by:
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entering the cell and forming a DNA/hormone complex before they change cellular function.
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Sympathetic nerve stimuli are responsible for the release of:
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epinephrine
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The chemical classification of hormones is either _____ or _____.
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amino acid-based hormones or steroids.
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The metabolic rate of most body tissues is controlled directly by:
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Thyroid hormones
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The secretion of parathyroid hormone is a good example of:
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humoral stimuli.
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The stimulus for producing insulin is:
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high blood glucose concentration.
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The transcription of new messenger RNA is a function of:
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steroid hormones.
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Which of the following elements is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormone?
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Iodine
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The hypophyseal portal system transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the:
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anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis).
|
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Which signals would affect local cells by releasing chemicals into the extracellular fluid?
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Paracrine signals
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Which of the following is the property in which a hormone CANNOT exhibit its full effect without another hormone?
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Permissiveness
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What is NOT a true hormone, but, rather, a trophic substance?
|
stimulating hormone
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Which organs is considered a neuroendocrine organ?
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Hypothalamus
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Eicosanoids are not true hormones because they:
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they act locally, not on distal organs as do true hormones.
|
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How do protein kinases affect enzymes?
|
They add a phosphate group (phosphorylation) to the enzyme.
|
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The "hormone response element" is located on the cell:
|
DNA
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The binding of a hormone to its "hormone response element" would lead to the:
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transcription of the DNA for the gene that is "turned on" by this event.
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Water-soluble hormones exhibit the shortest:
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half-life
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The normal endocrine controls can be directly overridden by the _________ system.
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nervous
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POMC is a prohormone for:
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ACTH
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Excess growth hormone would cause ______.
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Gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults.
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Iodination of thyroid hormones is mediated by:
|
peroxidase enzymes.
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A congenital condition that includes mental retardation, short disproportional body size, and a thick tongue and neck is caused by:
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deficiency of thyroxin.
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Osteitis fibrosa cystica is caused by:
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an increase in the parathyroid hormone.
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Insulin does mot enhances the membrane transport of glucose in the ______.
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Brain
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Resistin, an insulin antagonist, is a hormone produced by the:
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adipose tissue.
|
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What hormone does the skin produce?
|
Cholecalciferol
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Somatostatin is considered paracrine because it acts on:
|
cells other than those that secrete it.
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Match the following five endocrine glands with their secretions.
Neurohypophysis |
ADH
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Match the following five endocrine glands with their secretions.
Thyroid gland |
Calcitonin
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Match the following five endocrine glands with their secretions.
Adrenal gland |
Aldosterone
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Match the following five endocrine glands with their secretions.
Pineal gland |
Melatonin
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Match the following five endocrine glands with their secretions.
Adenohypophysis |
TSH
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Match the following five hormones with their functions.
FSH |
Stimulates development of the follicle in the ovaries
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Match the following five hormones with their functions.
GH |
Mobilizes fats, spares glucose, and promotes the protein synthesis necessary for growth
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Match the following five hormones with their functions.
ACTH |
Stimulates the adrenal cortex
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Match the following five hormones with their functions.
TSH |
Stimulates the thyroid gland
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Match the following five hormones with their functions.
ADH |
Stimulates the kidney tubules to reabsorb water from urine
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Match each of the following hormones with the condition that would be balanced by that hormone.
Insulin |
High levels of blood sugar
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Match each of the following hormones with the condition that would be balanced by that hormone.
ADH |
Loss of body fluids
|
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Match each of the following hormones with the condition that would be balanced by that hormone.
Aldosterone |
Loss of Na+ from extracellular fluids
|
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Match each of the following hormones with the condition that would be balanced by that hormone.
Thyroxine |
Decrease in body metabolism
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Match each of the following hormones with the condition that would be balanced by that hormone.
Parathyroid hormone |
Decrease in blood Ca2+ levels
|
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Match the following hormones with their functions.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone |
Stimulates the production of thyroxine
|
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Match the following hormones with their functions.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone |
Stimulates the production of thyroxine
|
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Match the following hormones with their functions.
Growth hormone |
Causes cells to undergo mitosis and increase in size
|
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Match the following hormones with their functions.
Oxytocin |
Increases contractions of uterine smooth muscle
|
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Match the following hormones with their functions.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
Causes the adrenal cortex to produce hormones
|
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Match the following hormones with their functions.
Follicle-stimulating hormone |
Affects functions of the ovaries and testes
|
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Match the following hormones with the site of their release and their function.
TSH |
Released from anterior pituitary; causes thyroid gland to synthesize thyroxine
|
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Match the following hormones with the site of their release and their function.
FSH |
Released from anterior pituitary; causes ovarian follicles to grow and produce estrogen and spermatogenesis in the testes
|
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|
Match the following hormones with the site of their release and their function.
LH |
Released from anterior pituitary; causes ovulation and interstitial cells to produce testosterone in the testes
|
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|
Match the following hormones with the site of their release and their function.
Oxytocin |
Released from posterior pituitary; causes uterine contractions
|
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|
Match the following hormones with the site of their release and their function.
ADH |
Released from posterior pituitary; causes kidneys to conserve water
|
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|
Match the following hormones with their functions.
Prolactin |
Stimulates milk production
|
|
|
Match the following hormones with their functions.
Oxytocin |
Stimulates milk ejection from mammary glands
|
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|
Match the following hormones with their functions.
Thyroxine |
Increases metabolic rate
|
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|
Match the following hormones with their functions.
Calcitonin |
Lowers blood Ca2+ levels
|
|
|
Match the following hormones with their functions.
Parathyroid hormone |
Raises blood Ca2+ levels
|
|
|
Match the following hormones with the gland (or organ) that produces them.
Calcitonin |
Thyroid gland
|
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Match the following hormones with the gland (or organ) that produces them.
Adrenocorticotropic hormones |
Pituitary gland
|
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Match the following hormones with the gland (or organ) that produces them.
Glucocorticoids |
Adrenal cortex
|
|
|
Match the following hormones with the gland (or organ) that produces them.
Epinephrine |
Adrenal medulla
|
|
|
Match the following hormones with the gland (or organ) that produces them.
Parathyroid hormone |
Parathyroid glands
|
|
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Match the structures with the hormones they produce.
Pineal gland |
Melatonin
|
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|
Match the structures with the hormones they produce.
Testes |
Testosterone
|
|
|
Match the structures with the hormones they produce.
Thymus |
Thymosin
|
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Match the structures with the hormones they produce.
Heart |
Atrial natriuretic peptide
|
|
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Match the structures with the hormones they produce.
Placenta |
HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
|
|
|
Match the following hormones with their functions.
Melatonin |
Associated with drowsiness at night
|
|
|
Match the following hormones with their functions.
Testosterone |
Associated with sexual maturity in males; needed for normal sperm production
|
|
|
Match the following hormones with their functions.
Thymosin |
Essential for normal immune response
|
|
|
Match the following hormones with their functions.
Atrial natriuretic peptide |
Reduces blood volume, blood pressure, and blood sodium concentration by signaling the kidneys
|
|
|
Match the following hormones with their functions.
HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) |
Helps to sustain pregnancy
|
|
|
Match the following tissues with the hormones they produce.
Adipose tissue |
Leptin
|
|
|
Match the following tissues with the hormones they produce.
Skin |
Cholecalciferol
|
|
|
Match the following tissues with the hormones they produce.
Kidney |
Erythropoietin
|
|
|
Match the following tissues with the hormones they produce.
Stomach |
CholecystokininGastrin
|
|
|
Match the following hormones with their functions.
Leptin |
Binds to CNS neurons concerned with appetite control
|
|
|
Match the following hormones with their functions.
Cholecalciferol |
Activated by the kidneys to Vitamin D; stimulates active absorption of Ca2+ by intestinal cells
|
|
|
Match the following hormones with their functions.
Gastrin |
Stimulates the stomach to release hydrochloric acid
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Match the following hormones with their functions.
Erythropoietin |
Stimulates the production of red blood cells
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Match the following hormones with their functions.
Cholecystokinin |
Stimulates the release of bile
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Match the following hormones with the organ that produces them.
Glucagon |
Pancreas
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Match the following hormones with the organ that produces them.
TSH |
Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
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Match the following hormones with the organ that produces them.
Thyroxine |
Thyroid gland
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Match the following hormones with the organ that produces them.
Renin |
Kidneys
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Match the following hormones with the organ that produces them.
ADH |
Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
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Match each of the following hormones with its function.
Glucagon |
Increases the blood sugar level by stimulating the liver
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Match each of the following hormones with its function.
TSH |
Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine
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Match each of the following hormones with its function.
Thyroxine |
Increases the metabolic rate
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Match each of the following hormones with its function.
Erythropoietin |
Increases red blood cell production
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Match each of the following hormones with its function.
ADH |
Increases water reabsorption in kidney tubules
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Match the following hormones with the appropriate category of hormones.
FSH and LH |
Gonadotropins
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Match the following hormones with the appropriate category of hormones.
Cortisol |
Glucocorticoids
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Match the following hormones with the appropriate category of hormones.
Androgens |
Gonadocorticoids
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Match the following hormones with the appropriate category of hormones.
Aldosterone |
Mineralocorticoids
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Match the following hormones with their functions.
Gonadotropins |
Regulate functions of gonads in both sexes
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Match the following hormones with their functions.
Glucocorticoids |
Increase blood levels of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids during stress
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Match the following hormones with their functions.
Androgens |
Produce masculinizing effects when produced in large quantities
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Match the following hormones with their functions.
Mineralocorticoids |
Regulate Na+ reabsorption by the kidneys and thereby regulates other electrolyte levels
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Match the following gland with the hormone it produces (or releases).
Posterior pituitary |
Antidiuretic hormone
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Match the following gland with the hormone it produces (or releases).
Anterior pituitary |
Growth hormone
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Match the following gland with the hormone it produces (or releases).
Pancreas |
Insulin
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Match the following gland with the hormone it produces (or releases).
Adrenal cortex |
Aldosterone
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Match the following gland with the hormone it produces (or releases).
Adrenal medulla |
Epinephrine
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Match each of the following hormones with its function.
Antidiuretic hormone |
Causes kidneys to conserve water
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Match each of the following hormones with its function.
Growth hormone |
Stimulates embryonic cells (stem cells) to undergo mitosis
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Match each of the following hormones with its function.
Insulin |
Facilitates glucose transport into cells
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Match each of the following hormones with its function.
Aldosterone |
Increases Na+ reabsorption in the kidneys
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Match each of the following hormones with its function.
Epinephrine |
Increases cell reactions during sympathetic response
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Given the homeostatic imbalance, indicate the hormone that would help to restore the balance.
Lowered levels of Ca2+ in the blood |
Parathyroid hormone
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Given the homeostatic imbalance, indicate the hormone that would help to restore the balance.
Too much Ca2+ in the blood |
Calcitonin
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Given the homeostatic imbalance, indicate the hormone that would help to restore the balance.
Elevated levels of blood sugar |
Insulin
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Given the homeostatic imbalance, indicate the hormone that would help to restore the balance.
Decreased levels of blood sugar (hypoglycemia) |
Glucagon
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Given the homeostatic imbalance, indicate the hormone that would help to restore the balance.
Excessive loss of Na+ in extracellular fluids |
Aldosterone
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Indicate the appropriate gland that would produce the hormone needed to restore homeostasis for each of the following conditions.
The end of a nine month pregnancy |
Posterior pituitary
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Indicate the appropriate gland that would produce the hormone needed to restore homeostasis for each of the following conditions.
Loss of Na+ from profuse sweating |
Adrenal cortex
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Indicate the appropriate gland that would produce the hormone needed to restore homeostasis for each of the following conditions.
High blood sugar due to eating too many sweets |
Pancreas
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Indicate the appropriate gland that would produce the hormone needed to restore homeostasis for each of the following conditions.
Drop in blood levels of Ca2+ due to extreme inactivity |
Parathyroid gland
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Indicate the appropriate gland that would produce the hormone needed to restore homeostasis for each of the following conditions.
Delayed or stunted growth |
Anterior pituitary
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Match each of the following homeostatic imbalances with the hormone deficiency (or overproduction).
Gigantism |
Overproduction of GH
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Match each of the following homeostatic imbalances with the hormone deficiency (or overproduction).
Diabetes mellitus |
Insulin deficiency
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Match each of the following homeostatic imbalances with the hormone deficiency (or overproduction).
Sympathetic nervous system overactivity |
Oversecretion of catecholamines
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Match each of the following homeostatic imbalances with the hormone deficiency (or overproduction).
Grave's disease |
Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone
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Match each of the following homeostatic imbalances with the hormone deficiency (or overproduction).
Diabetes insipidus |
Hyposecretion of ADH
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Match each of the following cell regions with the principle hormone produced.
Zona reticularis |
Mineralocorticoids
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Match each of the following cell regions with the principle hormone produced.
Zona glomerulosa |
Mineralocorticoids
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Match each of the following cell regions with the principle hormone produced.
Zona fasciculate |
Glucocorticoids
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Match each of the following cell regions with the principle hormone produced.
Beta cells |
Insulin
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Match each of the following cell regions with the principle hormone produced.
Alpha cells |
Glucagon
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Match each of the following control mechanisms with its description.
Humoral |
Monitoring blood levels of substances and correct them
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Match each of the following control mechanisms with its description.
Hormonal |
Hormone release is dependent upon other hormone levels
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Match each of the following control mechanisms with its description.
Neural |
Axons cause hormone release
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Endocrinology involves the study of the endocrine organs and ______________.
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hormones
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What is not an endocrine gland?
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Adenoid gland
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_______ are long-distance chemical signals that travel in blood or lymph throughout the body.
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Hormones
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Steroids are synthesized from:
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cholesterol
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Any given hormone will influence the activity of ___________.
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its target cells
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In which of the following mechanisms of hormone action do intracellular calcium ions act as a final mediator?
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PIP2-calcium signaling mechanism
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__________ involves the loss of receptors and prevents the target cells from overreacting to persistently high hormone levels.
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Down-regulation
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When one hormone opposes the action of another hormone, the interaction is called _____.
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antagonism
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What occurs within a negative feedback system?
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Some internal or external stimulus triggers hormone secretion. As hormone levels rise, they cause target organ effects, which then inhibit further hormone release.
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What is not one of the three major types of stimuli to trigger endocrine glands to manufacture and release their hormones?
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endocrinal stimuli
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What stimulates most body cells to increase in size and divide?
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Growth hormone
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What homeostatic imbalances results from hyposecretion of growth hormone?
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Pituitary dwarfism
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What hormones stimulates gamete (sperm or egg) production?
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Follicle-stimulating hormone
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As blood levels of ___________ rise, the expulsive contractions of labor gain momentum and finally end in birth.
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oxytocin
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What is not an area in which thyroid hormone (TH) plays an important role?
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Helping the body avoid dehydration and water overload
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The cells found within the parathyroid gland that secrete parathyroid hormone are called _______.
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chief cells
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What condition, if left untreated, progresses to respiratory paralysis and death?
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Hypoparathyroidism
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What homeostatic imbalances usually results from deficits in both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids?
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Addison's disease
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