Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

What 4 elements make up 96% of the human body's major organic molecules?

Back 1

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Front 2

Atom

Back 2

Smallest single unit of an element. Composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Front 3

Atomic number

Back 3

Indicates the number of protons and also the number of electrons in an atom.

Front 4

Atomic mass

Back 4

The sum of protons plus the number of neutrons in each atom

Front 5

Isotope

Back 5

An atom with a different number of neutrons. All isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of protons and electrons.

Front 6

Radioisotope

Back 6

Elements that have an unstable nucleus that emits high energy radiation as it breaks down to form a more stable nucleus.

Front 7

Compound

Back 7

Substances composed of atoms from two or more different elements.

Front 8

Chemical bonds

Back 8

A chemical bond is a force of attraction between two atoms.

Front 9

Ionic bond

Back 9

An attraction between oppositely charged ions. The force of attraction between cations and anions.

Front 10

Cation

Back 10

Positively charged ions

Front 11

Anion

Back 11

Negatively charged ions

Front 12

Covalent bond

Back 12

A bond between atoms that form molecules by sharing electrons. Double and triple bonds can be formed

Front 13

Hydrogen bond

Back 13

A weak attractive force between a slightly positive area and a slightly negative area of a polar molecule.

Front 14

Chemical reaction

Back 14

When bonds between atoms are formed or broken and the result is a new combination of atoms.

Front 15

4 basic types of chemical reactions

Back 15

Synthesis, exchange, decomposition, reversible

Front 16

Sythesis (anabolic)

Back 16

Form new chemical bonds and energy is required for the reaction to occur. Growth and repair of body parts.

Front 17

Decomposition (catabolic)

Back 17

Opposite of synthesis. Chemical bonds of complex molecules are broken to form two or more simpler molecules and energy is released.

Front 18

Exchange (rearrangement)

Back 18

Occurs when two different reactants exchange components, resulting in the breakdown of the reactants and the formation of two new products.

Front 19

Reversible reactions

Back 19

Exist in which the reactants and the product may convert in both directions.

Front 20

Inorganic compound

Back 20

May contain either carbon or hydrogen in the same molecule but not both. Bicarbonate are an exception.

Bicarbonate

Calcium

Carbonate

Chloride

Hydrogen

Hydroxide

Phosphate

Potassium

Sodium

Front 21

Organic compound

Back 21

Always contain both carbon and hydrogen and usually oxygen.

Carbohydrates,

Lipids,

Proteins,

Nucleic acids

Front 22

Carbohydrates

Back 22

Formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Primary source of nutrient energy. MonoSaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Front 23

Glucose

Back 23

Carbohydrate. 6 carbon monosaccharide that is the major carbohydrate fuel for cells.

Front 24

Glycogen

Back 24

The storage form of carbohydrates in animals including humans. Glucose is converted to glycogen and stored primarily in the liver... small amount in the muscle cells.

Front 25

Lipids

Back 25

A large diverse group of organic compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Triglycerides,

Phospholipids,

Steroids

Front 26

Triglycerides

Back 26

Most concentrated energy source found in the body. Most abundant lipids in our diet.

Front 27

Steroids

Back 27

Cholesterol

Vitamin D

Certain adrenal hormones,

Sex hormones

Front 28

Protein

Back 28

Large, complex molecules composed of smaller molecules called amino acids. Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Front 29

Enzymes

Back 29

Each Enzyme catalyzes a particular chemical reaction. May catalyze synthesis, decomposition, exchange, or reversible reactions.

Front 30

Nucleic acids

Back 30

The bodies largest molecules. DNA, RNA.

Front 31

RNA

Back 31

Carrie's the coded instructions from DNA to the cellular machinery involved in protein synthesis.