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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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uses of amines? |
analgesics (medicines which relieve pain) salbutamol- the active ingredient in inhalers synthetic dyes eg. methyl orange anaesthetics |
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organic chemistry naming hierarchy |
carboxyl aldehyde ketone hydroxyl amine alkene |
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preparation of primary amines from halogenoalkanes |
nucleophilic substitution with ammonia conditions- heat in a sealed flask with excess ammonia in ethanol |
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why use excess ammonia? |
so that primary amine is the major product if excess halogenoalkane was used then successive substitution by the product would be more likely forming tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium salts |
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preparation of primary amines from nitriles |
reduction of nitriles by either: using hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst using lithiumtetrahydridoaluminate(iii) LiAlH4 higher yield than halogenoalkanes- no other product |
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preparation of aromatic amines |
by reduction of nitro compounds phenyl amine is prepared by the reduction of nitrobenzene tin and conc HCL Heat under reflux, tin and XS conc HCL, followed by conc NaOH phenyl ammonium ion is first formed which reacts with NaOH to form phenyl amine |
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uses of aromatic amines |
manufacture of dyes |
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Basic properties of amines |
weak bases (accept protons) lone pair forms dative covalent bond with proton when they react with acids an alkyl ammonium salt is produced |
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reaction of amines with water |
they accept H ion from water= alkyl ammonium ion and OH- ions solution formed is weakly basic because equilibrium lies to left as amine is only partly ionised |
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comparing base strength |
primary aliphatic amines are stronger bases than ammonia- alkyl group is electron density donating so lone pair is more available primary aromatic amines are weaker bases than ammonia- lone pair overlaps with delocalised electrons , the lone pair is delocalised into the pi system, lone pair is less available |
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nucleophilic properties of amines- choosing the condition of nucleophilic substitution |
excess ammonia- favours primary amines as it is less likely a halogenoalkane molecule will react with an amine when there are a large number of ammonia molecules available excess halogenoalkane- favours productions of quaternary ammonium salts as it ensures each ammonia reacts with four halogenoalkane molecules |
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uses of quaternary ammonium salts |
cationic surfactants found in detergents fabric softeners hair conditioner |
