Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The Amendment prohibited poll taxes (1964).
|
24th
|
|
|
The Fourteenth Amendment overturned the 1857 ______________ v. Sandford case, in which the Supreme Court had ruled that slaves and their descendants were not allowed to be a citizens . . . even if they had lived in “free” states and been granted their freedom.
|
Dred Scott
|
|
|
The ___________________Amendment extended voting rights to 18-year olds (1971).
|
26th
|
|
|
The___________ Amendment, which legalized the federal income tax (1913), was instituted primarily because protective tariffs drove the cost of goods up so high that additional forms of income were needed to raise money for the federal budget.
|
16th
|
|
|
The________ Amendment gave presidential electoral votes to Washington, D.C. (1961).
|
22nd
|
|
|
The________ Amendment (1933) changed the inauguration date from March 4 to January 20 in order to decrease the "lame duck"period, the time between when presidential and congressional elections occurred in November and when those newly elected officials actuallytook office.
|
20th
|
|
|
Article______ of the Constitution describes the process of ratifying (accepting or approving)the Constitution.
|
7
|
|
|
Prohibition?
|
18th Ammendment
|
|
|
The_____ Amendment (1804) states the electors will cast separate ballots for president and vice-president; if there is not a clear winner, then the House will select the president and the Senate the vice-president..
|
12th
|
|
|
ArticleVI(six)of the Constitution, the ________ Clause, describes the hierarchy of laws in the U.S. with the Constitution being the “supreme law of the land," with all federal laws taking precedence over state laws.
|
Supremacy
|
|
|
Members of the Senate were originally elected by state legislatures but now, according to the_______ Amendment, are elected by direct election.
|
17th
|
|
|
Article IV of the Constitution, the____ “clause,” describes interstate relations and guarantees that court decisions, extradition of criminals, and the exchange of citizenship are all valid from state to state.
|
Full faith and credit
|
|
|
The___ Amendment (1868) includes due process and equal protection clauses, defined citizenship, prohibited states from denying various rights to citizens, prohibited the paying of Confederate debt, and prohibited former Confederates from holding public office.
|
14th
|
|
|
The Bill of Rights includes the first ____ amendments.
|
10
|
|
|
According to Article___ , which describes the process for amending the Constitution, amendments to the Constitution are proposed by a two-thirds vote of the House and Senate or by a national convention called by Congress at the request of at least two-thirds of the state legislatures; furthermore, to become valid, amendments must be ratified by three-fourths of the state conventions or legislatures.
|
5
|
|
|
The ____ Amendment changed the order of the presidential line of succession and provided guidelines for presidential disability (1967).
|
25th
|
|
|
The____ Amendment (1865) abolished slavery except as a punishment for persons who committed crimes.
|
13th
|
|
|
The___ Amendment (1791) describes that Americans are not denied any rights that are not specifically in the Constitution (the people and the States reserve all powers other than ones delegated to the federal government or specifically prohibited).
|
9th
|
|
|
______ of the Constitution gives power to the two legislative bodies, the House of Representatives and the Senate, describes Congressional organization, lists powers given to Congress, contains the “necessary and proper clause,” and describes powers denied to Congress and to the states.
|
Article I
|
|
|
The fifth amendment covers what five aspects?
|
1. Due process
2. Eminent domain to seize property 3. Double Jeopardy 4. Self Incrimination 5. Right to Grand Jury in Capital Case |
|
|
Due Process is guaranteed by which amendment?
|
5th
|
|
|
Right to a Grand Jury in a capital case is guaranteed by which amendment?
|
5th
|
|
|
Right against self incrimination (testifying against oneself) is guaranteed by what amendment?
|
5th
|
|
|
Right against double jeopardy is guaranteed by what amendment?
|
5th
|
|
|
The right for government to seize property under eminent domain is covered under which amendment?
|
5th
|
|
|
The Amendment (1870) stated that male citizens could not be denied the right to vote “on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”
|
15th
|
|
|
I. President must be 35 y/o and a U.S. Citizen
II. Four year limitless terms III. Outlines Presidential duties and responsibilities IV. President may convene special congressional sessions. |
Article II
|
|
|
President is commander-in-chief of the military, chief diplomat, chief of state, and chief legislator of the United States.
|
Article II
|
|
|
President can propose new legislation (although not introduce legislation) and is responsible to keep Congress abreast of the State of the Union.
|
Article II
|
|
|
The Amendment (1791) guarantees a trial by jury in most civil cases.
|
7th
|
|
|
Establishes and describes the Supreme Court and gives Congress the right to establish lower Federal courts
|
Article III
|
|
|
Also guarantees right to a trial by jury (Article)
|
Article III
|
|
|
The Amendment (1951)limited presidents to serving two terms in office.
|
22nd
|
|
|
The “necessary and proper” clause of the Constitution often conflicts with this Amendment.
|
10th
|
|
|
Gives Congress the right to pass laws to carry out it's Constitutional duties.
|
Necessary and proper clause
|
|
|
The Amendment restricted the practice of congressional salary adjustment (1992) (if Congress votes to adjust its salary, then the raise cannot take effect until after the next election).
|
27th
|
|
|
The Amendment (1920) gave voting rights to all women in America.
|
19th
|
|
|
The Amendment (1791) states that troops cannot be housed in homes of private citizens.
|
3rd
|
|
|
The Amendment (1798), which states that a state cannot be sued by individuals living in other states or countries, was passed in response to the ruling in the Supreme Court case Chisholm v. Georgia.
|
11th
|
|
|
The eleventh amendment overturned which Supreme Court Case?
|
Chisholm vs Georgia, states and states residents cannot be sued by people outside the state or country without the states consent.
|
|
|
According to the Constitution, members of the_____ were to be elected by state legislatures in order to keep this house of Congress protected from public opinion.
|
Senate
|
|
|
President_______ attempted to return power to the states through “New Federalism,” which focused on special revenue sharing and block grants in order to place money in the hands of state and local governments.
|
Nixon
|
|
|
New Federalism
|
Nixon
|
|
|
President___________ administration worked to give power to the states by cutting federal spending, giving money to states with fewer “strings” attached, and encouraging the states to administer and fund programs such as food stamps and aid to families with dependent children.
|
Reagan's
|
|
|
__________Federalism is an interpretation of federalism in which the states and the federal government are supreme in their own spheres and are kept separate
|
Dual
|
|
|
____________in the United States is the evolving relationship between state governments and the federal government of the United States.
|
Federalism
|
|
|
______________ are federal government controls on state government activities in which a federal law or court ruling requires that states comply with or take a certain action whether or not the state is receiving federal aid.
|
Mandates
|
|
|
A_________ grant is a type of funding earmarked or intended for a specific purpose defined by federal law.
|
Categorical
|
|
|
During the 1994 midterm election, when Republicans were attempting to gain majority in the House, House Republicans presented an agenda known as the___ which emphasized the return of power to the states and the implementation of reforms in the federal government.
|
Contract With America
|
|
|
_________ grants are funding programs given for general purposes and/or with fewer use restrictions than categorical grants.
|
Block
|
|
|
In the 1960s, President _____’s administration shifted even greater power to the federal government through civil rights legislation and “Great Society” programs such as Medicare and the War of Poverty.
|
Johnson
|
|
|
"Great Society"
|
Johnson
|
|
|
Supreme Court case that gave congress the right to control interstate commerce, including interstate navigation.
|
Gibbons vs Ogden (1824)
|
|
|
Allows power to flow through the federal government to the state governments
|
Cooperative Federalism
|
|
|
Federal government gave tracts of land to states to sell to fund land grant colleges. (Grant-in-aid)
|
Morrill Act (1862)
|
|
|
Early Supreme Court Justice John_______ , a Federalist who served as chief justice from 1801-1835, believed in strong national government, established the Court's ability to exercise judicial review, and expanded the power of the federal government.
|
Marshall
|
|
|
Established Judicial Review and expanded the Federal government's power.
|
John Marshall
|
|
|
Ability of the Supreme Court to strike down laws that are unconstitutional
|
Judicial Review
|
|
|
Senate terms last____years
|
6
|
|
|
Which legislative body was formed by the Constitutional framers with the intent of being a deliberative, less partisan body focused on making decisions with a long-term outlook rather than decisions influenced by momentary zeal?
|
Senate
|
|
|
1. Make laws necessary and proper to carry out Constitutional duties.
2. Declare War 3. Collect taxes 4. Establish rules how immigrants can become citizens 5. Establish federal courts and post offices 6. Coin money 7. Raise and support a militia |
Enumerated/delegated powers of congress
|
|
|
The privilege, the right to send postal mail for free for non-private use, is given to each Senator and Congressperson.
|
Franking
|
|
|
Race cannot be used as the primary factor when deciding congressional districts.
|
Shaw v. Reno (1993)
|
|
|
The___________confirms all presidential nominees for federal judges, foreign ambassadors, and the president's cabinet.
|
Senate
|
|
|
The_________ratifies treatise proposed by the president
|
Senate
|
|
|
The___________initiates all non-revenue bills (no tax money)
|
Senate
|
|
|
The__________initiates all revenue (using tax money) bills
|
House of Representatives
|
|
|
________ is responsible for Electing the President in elections where one candidate does not receive a majority of electoral college votes
|
House of Representatives
|
|
|
_______has the sole responsibility for bring presidential and federal judge impeachment charges
|
House of Representatives
|
|
|
If the president and vice president were both to become unable to serve, who would become president?
|
Speaker of the House
|
|
|
Neither the President nor Congress has power to:
|
1. Passing bills of attainder (legislation that finds people guilty of a crime and/or sentences them to jail without a trial)
2. Passing ex-facto law (legislation that criminalizes actions that were legal when were committed but have since been declared illegal) 3. Grant titles of nobility |
|
|
The____________has the sole power to try impeachment cases
|
Senate
|
|
|
In order to give minority political candidates an increased opportunity for representation in the House of Representatives, Congress passed the_____which required that states establish congressional districts with the majority of the population being minorities.
|
Voting rights of 1982 Act
|
|
|
Who has the power for nominating presidential cabinet nominations and judicial nominees
|
The President
|
|
|
Congress people and senators who maintain close contact with their constituents and typically vote in a manner consistent with the views of their constituents are known as________
|
Delegates
|
|
|
(1963) Upheld the principle of “one person, one vote” and required that state legislatures ensure that each House district in the state has an approximately equal population.
|
Wessberry v Sanders
|
|
|
Senators and Congresspersons can use the franking privilege to send mass mailings to constituents (citizens in the districts they represent) EXCEPT__________
|
Within 90 days of an election
|
|
|
Total number of House of Representatives seats?
|
435
|
|
|
Once bills are sponsored or introduced, they are then sent by the Speaker of the House or the Senate majority leader to the:
|
Appropriate committees
|
|
|
If a bill is passed through congress and the president neither signs nor vetoes it in 10 days it becomes____
|
Law
|
|
|
Discharge petition
|
A petition to force a pigeonholed (bill stuck in committee) bill out of committee and onto the congressional floor for a vote
|
|
|
Pigeonholed bill
|
A bill stuck in House or Senate committee
|
|
|
Cloture
|
Senate petition signed to end a filibuster (must be signed by 60 members)
|
|
|
House committee that determines the amount of time for debate on a bill and whether amendments can be added to it.
|
Rules committee
|
|
|
The ____________ an honorary position that is required by the Constitution and generally given to a Senator from the majority party who has the longest continual service record, serves as the presiding officer of the Senate when the vice president is not in attendance.
|
President pro tempore
|
|
|
_____are allowed in the Senate but not in the house
|
Riders
|
|
|
_____________ committees such as the Ways and Means Committee and Senate Judiciary Committee, are permanent Congressional committees that complete much of the work in Congress and are responsible for proposing legislation to the entire House or Senate for further consideration.
|
Standing
|
|
|
______________occurs when members of Congress vote for other members’ bills even though the bills do not impact their own constituency.
|
Logrolling
|
|
|
In the United States, the___________ is the primary agent of directing foreign policy.
|
President
|
|
|
Order of succession after President and V.P.
|
Speaker of the House, President pro-tempore of the Senate, Secretary of State, Secretary of defense, secretaries of other cabinets.
|
|
|
If the president vetoes a bill, how can the bill still become a law?
|
If congress overrides the veto with a 2/3 majority vote
|
|
|
Ruled that line-item vetoes were unconstitutional because they gave the president too much legislative power.
|
Clinton v New York
|
|
|
Supreme Court upheld the presidential power of executive privilege, but ruled that the president did not have executive privilege in this particular case:
|
Nixon v U.S.
|
|
|
Presidents usually veto approximately ____of all bills that Congress passes.
|
1/3
|
|
|
The_________ Act of 1974, which came about primarily as a result of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and the Vietnam conflict, limited the president’s power by requiring the president to obtain congressional approval for placing American troops for a period longer than sixty days.
|
War Powers
|
|
|
_________ is a body composed of various government officials including the director of the CIA, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Secretary of Defense, Secretary of State, and executive branch officials including the president and vice president, that is responsible for advising the president on national security and foreign policy matters.
|
National Security Council
|
|
|
A__________ veto occurs when a president indirectly rejects a bill by refusing to sign the legislation after Congress has adjourned.
|
Pocket
|
|
|
The first Supreme Court case in which the Court declared a state law to be unconstitutional, established that the Supreme Court had the power to apply judicial review to state laws.
|
Fletcher v Peck
|
|
|
Provided for three federal court levels: a six-judge Supreme Court, 13 district courts, and three circuit courts (courts of appeal).
|
Judiciary Act of 1789
|
|
|
Judiciary act of 1789 provided for three federal courts:
|
1. Supreme courts
2. District courts 3. Circuit courts (appellate courts) |
|
|
"Friend of the court" briefs filed by interest groups in an attempt to sway the Supreme Courts ruling.
|
Amicus Curiae
|
|
|
Landmark 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld state laws restricting the working hours of women.
|
Muller v Oregon
|
|
|
________ courts are state courts that generally serve at the county level and hear both criminal and civil cases.
|
Superior
|
|
|
The______ general, a high-ranking member of Department of Justice, second only to the attorney general, often appears before the Supreme Court during the oral arguments phase and presents the federal government’s position in the case.
|
Solicitor
|
|
|
The Supreme court has original jurisdiction over what types of cases?
|
1. Maritime law
2. Any case when the U.S. is a party 3. Federal law, constitution or treaty disputes 4. Dispute between state governments 5. Cases involving US citizens who live in different states |
|
|
Federal judges can only be removed by?
|
Impeachment
|
|
|
A landmark 1831 case in which the Supreme Court declared that the Cherokee Indians made up a “domestic dependent” nation with some sovereign powers.
|
Cherokee Nation v Georgia
|
|
|
Ended the spoils system and created a system of hiring for civil service jobs on the basis of merit, qualifications, and performance on exams rather than on the basis of political patronage and allegiance.
|
Pendleton act of 1883
|
|
|
Determined the constitutionality of campaign contribution limitations and ruled that free speech rights allowed groups and individuals to donate money to political campaigns with the intent of influencing election outcomes.
|
Buckley v Valeo
|
