Adv. Genetics Final

Front 1

What is thought to be the origin of mitochondria? Of chloroplasts?

Back 1

Purple bacteria/cyanobacteria

Front 2

In the gene that affects snail coiling, the ______ is responsible for the phenotype of the offspring.

Back 2

Mother's genotype

Front 3

Both parents usually imprint the same gene.

Back 3

False

Front 4

What is the molecular mechanism for imprinting a gene?

Back 4

Methylation

Front 5

Where is extranuclear DNA located in mammalian cells?

Back 5

Mitochondria

Front 6

How many Barr bodies would an individual with a XXY genotype possess?

Back 6

1

Front 7

The coat color of calico cats is a result of _____.

Back 7

X-inactivation

Front 8

Monoallelic expression is associated with which of the following?

Back 8

Genomic imprinting

Front 9

Which of the following is true regarding human mtDNA?

Back 9

It is around 17,000 bp in length.
It is a circular chromosome.
Multiple copies exist in each mitochondria.
It mostly contains rRNA and tRNA genes.

Front 10

mtDNA contains all of the genes necessary for the complete function of mitochondrial metabolism.

Back 10

False

Front 11

cpDNA contains which of the following types of genes?

Back 11

rRNA, tRNA, Genes for photosynthetic pathways

Front 12

Dosage compensation offsets the problems associated with differences in the number of _______ chromosomes in many species.

Back 12

sex

Front 13

The inheritance patterns of genetic material that is not contained in the nucleus of the cell is called _______.

Back 13

extranuclear (or cytoplasmic) inheritance

Front 14

Heteroplasmy is associated with inheritance patterns involving

Back 14

mitochondria or chloroplasts

Front 15

Expression of ______ would inhibit X-inactivation.

Back 15

TsiX

Front 16

Where is extra nuclear DNA located in mammalian cells?

Back 16

Mitochondria

Front 17

Which of the following does not inactivate an X chromosome?

Back 17

Drosophila

Front 18

What gene is most responsible for X-inactivation?

Back 18

Xist

Front 19

What is a disease associated with extranuclear inheritance?

Back 19

LHON

Front 20

What encodes the toxin paramecin in Paramecium aurelia?

Back 20

Kappa Particles

Front 21

The inheritance of leaf pigmentation in the four-o'clock plant Mirabilis jalapa is an example of ____.

Back 21

Maternal inheritance

Front 22

A modification that occurs to a nuclear gene that alters gene expression, but not permanently, is called _______ inheritance.

Back 22

epigenetic

Front 23

In the Igf-2 allele, which chromosome is imprinted? Which is expressed?

Back 23

Paternal, paternal

Front 24

What are some diseases associated with imprinting?

Back 24

Angelman Syndrome

Front 25

A chromosomal event that precedes X chromosome inactivation is

Back 25

Locus specific chromosome pairing

Front 26

First phase of development:

Back 26

Formation of body axes

Front 27

Second phase of development:

Back 27

Segmentation of the body

Front 28

Third phase of development:

Back 28

Determination of structures within segments

Front 29

Fourth phase of development:

Back 29

Cell differentiation

Front 30

Which of the following apply to Hox genes?

Back 30

Adjacent groups of Hox genes form Hox complexes.
In vertebrates, Hox genes play a key role in the anteroposterior axis.
The coding sequence of Hox genes contains the homeobox.
Knockout genes have been used to determine the function of Hox genes.

Front 31

The order of hox genes on a chromosome is important for the correct expression along the anteroposterior axis of the body. If a mutation occurs that causes one of these genes to be expressed in an area where expression does not normally occur, the outcome is referred to as a ________________________.

Back 31

gain-of-function mutation

Front 32

Mutations of plant homeotic genes can result in which of the following outcomes?

Back 32

Changes in the sepals
Changes in the petals
Changes in the stamen
Changes in the carpels

Front 33

The ZZ/ZW chromosomes system in determining the sex of individuals is found in _________.

Back 33

birds

Front 34

In ________, the sex of individuals is determined by whether an individual is haploid or diploid.

Back 34

bees

Front 35

The temperature of the nest during development determines the sex in ____________.

Back 35

American Alligators

Front 36

A population of _______________ consists of males and hermaphrodites.

Back 36

C.elegans

Front 37

Pole cells are responsible for forming what structures in an adult organism?

Back 37

Gametes

Front 38

Gap genes and pair-rule genes are examples of genes that determine _____.

Back 38

Formation of body segments

Front 39

Which of the following provide positional information to the developing organism?

Back 39

Threshold concentration
Morphogens
Induction
Cell adhesion

Front 40

The bicoid gene is responsible for the formation of what portion of the Drosophila embryo?

Back 40

Anterior structures

Front 41

The bicoid gene has what pattern of inheritance?

Back 41

Maternal inheritance

Front 42

In Drosophila embryos the anterior compartment of a segment overlaps with the posterior compartment of a parasegment.

Back 42

True

Front 43

A homeotic mutation results in which of the following?

Back 43

Replacing of one body part with another

Front 44

Antennapedia in Drosophila is an example of a _________.

Back 44

Gain of function mutation

Front 45

Homeodomains _____.

Back 45

Are the protein domains encoded by homeoboxes
Are part of transcription factors
Bind to the major groove of DNA

Front 46

Cell lineage diagrams are most easily prepared in which of the following model organisms?

Back 46

C. elegans

Front 47

A mutation in which the fate of cell lineages is not synchronized in an organism is called a ____.

Back 47

Heterochronic mutation

Front 48

Studies of invertebrate and vertebrate development suggest that there is a universal body plan for animal development.

Back 48

True

Front 49

The model organism for the study of plant development is _____.

Back 49

Arabidopsis thaliana

Front 50

A mutation in the B genes of Arabidopsis would result in the incorrect formation of what structure?

Back 50

Flowers

Front 51

Which of the following genes must be expressed in Drosophila for development into a female fly?

Back 51

SXL

Front 52

In humans, what gene determines maleness?

Back 52

SRY

Front 53

In humans, an XY individual in which a deletion has inactivated SRY would developmentally be what sex?

Back 53

Female

Front 54

Genes that specify the final identity of a body region are called _______.

Back 54

homeotic

Front 55

Molecules that convey positional information and promote developmental changes are called _______.

Back 55

morphogens

Front 56

The _______ of a morphogen determines its effect on development.

Back 56

concentration

Front 57

Skeletal muscle cell development is controlled by _______ proteins.

Back 57

myogenic bHLH

Front 58

The ABC model explains the process of _______.

Back 58

flower development

Front 59

If the lin-14 gene product persists for too long, this causes the worm to have

Back 59

More cells

Front 60

The scientific basis for studying mutant worms exhibiting a defective egg-laying phenotype was that

Back 60

Some worms with this phenotype may have a heterochronic mutation.

Front 61

In the following sequence of DNA, the italicized base has been mutated. What type of mutation is this?
5' - G A T C T C C G A A T T - 3' original strand
5' - G A T C T C C C A A T T - 3' mutated strand

Back 61

Transversion

Front 62

The Bar mutation in Drosophila, in which affected flies have a very narrow eye, is an example of a ______ - level mutation.

Back 62

Chromosome

Front 63

Anticipation is associated with which of the following?

Back 63

Trinucleotide repeat expansions

Front 64

Which of the following codons would typically be repeated in a trinucleotide expansion repeat region?

Back 64

CAG

Front 65

Translocations and inversions may cause which of the following?

Back 65

Position effect

Front 66

A translocation that moves a gene from an area of euchromatin to heterochromatin would typically cause a(n) _______ in the expression of the gene.

Back 66

Reduction

Front 67

Which of the following is not an example of a spontaneous mutation?

Back 67

UV light induced thymine dimers

Front 68

The results of the replica plating experiments by the Lederbergs supported which of the following theories?

Back 68

Random mutation theory

Front 69

After screening a colony of bacteria for a given gene, you discover 100 mutant colonies out of 3 million total colonies. What is the mutation frequency for this gene in the population?

Back 69

3.3 x 10-5

Front 70

Which of the following is correct regarding the rate of mutation?

Back 70

Rates of mutation per cell generation typically range from 10-5 to 10-9

Front 71

The conversion of cytosine to uracil in DNA is an example of _____.

Back 71

Deamination

Front 72

The complete loss of either a guanine or adenine from DNA is an example of _____.

Back 72

Depurination

Front 73

Which of the following are examples of suppressor mutations?

Back 73

An intragenic mutation that restores protein structure

Front 74

A temporary change in the bonding arrangements of a nitrogenous base is called ______.

Back 74

A tautomeric shift

Front 75

The first environmental agent shown to induce mutation was _____.

Back 75

X-rays

Front 76

Which of the following is an example of a base analog?

Back 76

5BU

Front 77

Uses enzymes called the DNA-N-glycolases.

Back 77

Base excision repair

Front 78

Is responsible for repairing damage from UV radiation.

Back 78

Nucleotide excision repair

Front 79

Photolyase in yeast is an enzyme associated with

Back 79

Direct repair

Front 80

Utilizes MutL, MutH, and MutS proteins in E. coli.

Back 80

Mismatch repair

Front 81

Often leads to deletion in chromosome sequence.

Back 81

Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)

Front 82

Identifies daughter strands by methylation.

Back 82

Mismatch repair

Front 83

In the nucleotide excision repair system, which of the following proteins is responsible for recognizing a thymine dimer to be repaired?

Back 83

UvrAB

Front 84

The Ames test may be used to determine if an agent is a mutagen.

Back 84

True

Front 85

A change in the chromosome number is called a point mutation.

Back 85

False

Front 86

An individual that is a genetic mosaic would be the result of a______mutation.

Back 86

somatic cell

Front 87

Recognizes double stranded breaks and unwinds DNA.

Back 87

RecBCD

Front 88

Binds to single stranded DNA and promotes strand invasion.

Back 88

RecA

Front 89

Promotes branch migration

Back 89

RuvAB

Front 90

Is an endonuclease.

Back 90

RuvC

Front 91

During the lysogenic stage of the lambda phage lifecycle, lambda DNA inserts into the genome using a site specific recombinational event. Which of the following is not necessary for this to occur?

Back 91

UV light

Front 92

Requires transposase to transpose

Back 92

composite transposon

Front 93

Requires reverse transcriptase

Back 93

viral like retroelement

Front 94

Contains direct repeats

Back 94

composite transposon and viral like retroelement

Front 95

Contains inverted repeats

Back 95

composite transposon

Front 96

Has long terminal repeats

Back 96

viral like retroelement

Front 97

Has an integrase gene

Back 97

viral like retroelement

Front 98

Where does crossing over occur?

Back 98

Prophase of Meiosis I

Front 99

Which of the following most likely accounts for the majority of the recombination events during both DNA repair and meiosis?

Back 99

Double-break model

Front 100

D-Loop formation is associated with _______

Back 100

the double-break model

Front 101

Bacteriophage l inserts into a bacterial chromosome using which of the following?

Back 101

DNA gap repair

Front 102

Which of the following processes accounts for the tremendous variation in antibody structure?

Back 102

Site-specific recombination

Front 103

Which of the following domain types is unique to the heavy chain of the polypeptide?

Back 103

D

Front 104

RAG1 and RAG2 proteins are associated with which of the following?

Back 104

Site-specific recombination in antibodies

Front 105

Which of the following genes was mobile in McClintock's experiments with mutable sites in corn?

Back 105

Ds

Front 106

The type of transposition in which the number of transposons increases in the genome is called ______.

Back 106

Replicative transposition

Front 107

Insertion sequences can be identified by which of the following?

Back 107

presence of integrase

Front 108

Which of the following is technically not part of the genetic information of a transposable element?

Back 108

Direct repeats

Front 109

A heteroduplex is a DNA double helix that contains mismatches.

Back 109

True