Acquired Cardiovascular Disease

Front 1

Endocardiosis, Mitral Insufficiency

common findings:

Back 1

most common acquired heart disease in dog

common findings:
left atrial enlargement
left ventricular enlargement
distended pulmonary veins
pulmonary edema/heart failure

Hint 1

Front 2

Endocardiosis

Tricuspid Insufficiency:

Tricuspid & Mitral Insufficiency:

Back 2

Tricuspid Insufficiency:
Right Atrial Enlargement
Right Heart Failure

Tricuspid & Mitral Insufficiency:
Generalized Cardiomegaly
Right and/or Left Sided Heart Failure

Front 3

Heartworm disease

classic radiographic findings:

Back 3

Enlarged Pulmonary Arteries
-often blunted and/or tortuous
-right caudal pulmonary artery often largest
Dilated main pulmonary artery
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Pulmonary Parenchymal Changes
-brochointerstial pattern
-focal/multifocal alveolar pattern
-intimal inflammation
-PTE
Right heart failure
-ascites, hepatomegaly, possible pleural effusion

Hint 3

Front 4

Feline Heartworm Disease

Clinical Signs:
Chronic:
Acute:

Radiographic Signs

Back 4

Clinical Signs:
Chronic: coughing, dyspnea, anorexia, chylothorax, vomiting, lethargy, weight loss
Acute: collapse, convulsions, vomiting, syncope, sudden death, dyspnea, diarrhea, blindness, tachycardia

Radiographic Signs:
normal thorax
bronchointerstial pattern
feline asthma
enlarged pulmonary artery(s)
- right caudal pulmonary artery
-transient finding

Front 5

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

pathophysiology:

Common Radiographic Findings:

Back 5

pathophysiology:
Occurs from weakened & dysfunctional myocardial contractility
volume overload
common breeds: Doberman, Boxer

Common Radiographic Findings:
generalized cardiomegaly
normal appearing heart
left atrial dilation
enlarged pulmonary veins and arteries
left heart failure - pulmonary edema
right heart failure

Hint 5

Front 6

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

pathophysiology:

Common Radiographic Findings:

Back 6

pathophysiology:
occurs from hypertrophied ventricular musculature
reduced filling and cardiac output
secondary increased atrial pressure and dilation
common in cats

Common Radiographic Findings:
left atrial dilation
-can become extreme
-valentine/shield shaped heart
normal appearing heart
enlarged pulmonary veins and arteries
left heart failure - pulmonary edema
right heart failure

Hint 6

Front 7

Pericardial Effusion

Back 7

Pericardial Space
-large volume of effusion causes space occupying disease that increases size of cardiac silhouette
Enlarged rounded/globoid appearing cardiac silhouette
-on both lateral and VD/DV view
-no specific chamber enlargement
Cardiac tamponade
-volume large enough, pressure from pericardial fluid inhibits diastolic filling
-patient may present with signs of right heart failure
causes:
neoplasia, idiopathic, traumatic, infection, congenital

Front 8

Heart Failure
Left Sided

pathophysiology:

Common Radiographic Findings:

Back 8

pathophysiology:
increased end diastolic filling pressure of left ventricle
pulmonary venous hypertension
alveolar capillary transudation of fluid to pulmonary interstitium causing pulmonary edema
decreased oxygenation

Common Radiographic Findings:
pulmonary edema
- interstitial or alveolar patterns
- perihilar region - dogs
-patchy - cats
enlarged pulmonary veins
- veins > arteries
probable left heart enlargement

Hint 8

Front 9

Heart Failure - Cats

Radiographic Findings:

Back 9

Radiographic Findings:
Pulmonary edema
-patchy or multifocal
-interstitial or alveolar patterns
enlarged pulmonary vessels
pleural effusion
possible cardiomegaly

Hint 9

Front 10

Heart Failure
Right Sided

pathophysiology:

Common Radiographic Findings:

Back 10

pathophysiology:
Increased end diastolic filling pressure of right ventricle
systemic venous hypertension/congestion
capillary transudation of fluid to interstitium or a 3rd space

Common Radiographic Findings:
right heart enlargement
widened CVC (+/- 1.5X aorta size)
pleural effusion
ascites
hepatomegaly
possible splenomegaly