Abeka 10Th Grade Biology Test 5

Front 1

Amount of air that is inhaled and exhaled when breathing normally.

Back 1

tidal volume

Front 2

Type of blood protein that helps in the clotting of the blood.

Back 2

fibrinogen

Front 3

Iron-containing protein that allows blood cells to transport oxygen.

Back 3

hemoglobin

Front 4

Blood cells that protect the body from infections.

Back 4

white blood cells

Front 5

Breathing is controlled primarily by what?

Back 5

medulla oblongata

Front 6

Blood travels from the heart to the lungs through what?

Back 6

pulmonary arteries

Front 7

Surplus red blood cells are stored where?

Back 7

spleen

Front 8

Blood cells that transport oxygen through the body.

Back 8

red blood cells

Front 9

Blood cells are manufactured where?

Back 9

bone marrow

Front 10

What is the heart's natural pace maker?

Back 10

sinoatrial node

Front 11

Blood vessels that supply the heart muscle are?

Back 11

coronary arteries

Front 12

What valve connects the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart?

Back 12

bicuspid

Front 13

Blood leaves the left ventricle through what valve?

Back 13

aortic semilunar

Front 14

Tough, white sac that encloses and protects the heart.

Back 14

pericardium

Front 15

muscle layer of the heart

Back 15

myocardium

Front 16

large blood vessels that carry blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart

Back 16

venae cavae

Front 17

irregularly shaped pockets or air spaces in the nasal cavity that warm and moisten incoming air

Back 17

nasal meatuses

Front 18

Most cases of lung cancer in the United States are caused by what?

Back 18

cigarette smoking

Front 19

the movement of blood to and from the kidneys

Back 19

renal circulation

Front 20

type of heart failure caused by a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscles

Back 20

heart attack

Front 21

abnormal rushing or blowing sound that results from a damaged heart valve

Back 21

heart murmur

Front 22

condition in which the body's blood pressure falls to a critical low as a result of excessive loss of blood or plasma

Back 22

circulatory shock

Front 23

buildup of excessive fluid in the lungs as a result of bacterial or viral infection

Back 23

pneumonia

Front 24

buildup of fibrous and fatty tissue in the liver, often caused by alcohol abuse

Back 24

cirrhosis

Front 25

allergic condition characterized by periodic spasms of the bronchial tubes that make breathing difficult

Back 25

bronchial asthma

Front 26

hereditary disorder in which the blood is unable to form clots

Back 26

hemophilia

Front 27

dividing wall of the heart that separates the right and left chambers

Back 27

septum

Front 28

in the lungs, gas exchanges between the air and the blood occur in tiny air sacs called:

Back 28

alveoli

Front 29

blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart

Back 29

veins

Front 30

flap of tissue that prevents food from going down the windpipe

Back 30

epiglottis

Front 31

large blood vessel through which blood flows out of the heart and to the body

Back 31

aorta

Front 32

ESSAY: In ventricular fibrillation, the ventricles twitch randomly instead of beating. this condition causes death within minutes if not rapidly treated. in a similar condition, atrial fibrillation, atria twitch randomly instead of beating. although atrial fibrillation can increase the risk of other serious conditions, atrial fibrillation by itself is usually not life threatening. explain why ventricle fibrillation is deadly but trail fibrillation rarely is. include a description of blood flow through the heart.

Back 32

Deoxygenated blood from the body goes into the right atrium of the heart, the oxygenated blood from the lungs goes into the left atrium. The majority of this blood flows directly into the ventricles.

The atria contract, squeezes the remaining blood into the ventricles. Quickly the ventricles contract, and pumps deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and pumps oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.

Ventricular fibrillation is life threatening because the ventricles are responsible for deoxygenated blood being pumped to the lungs so it can be oxygenated. When the ventricles stop contracting, the blood flow in the body stops, and the person will die because the lack of oxygen. Atrial fibrillation is usually not life threatening because the atria pumps only some of the blood into the ventricles. When the atria does not contract, the flow of blood can still continue. Which allows the body cells to continue to receive enough oxygen.

Front 33

thick sheet of muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and functions in respiration

Back 33

diaphragm

Front 34

muscles attached to the ribs and sternum and expand the rib cage during inhalation

Back 34

intercostal

Front 35

these two structures are within the voice box and made of elastic tissue that produces sounds of speech

Back 35

vocal cords

Front 36

the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are

Back 36

arteries

Front 37

the organ that can be considered that body's chemical factory is the what?

Back 37

liver

Front 38

the smallest tubes within the lungs are the

Back 38

branchioles

Front 39

the liquid portion of the blood is

Back 39

plasma

Front 40

the voice box is another name for the

Back 40

larynx

Front 41

the contracting and pumping phase of heart action is

Back 41

systole

Front 42

In saying someone has type a positive blood, the word _____ refers to the presence of the antigen called the RH factor.

Back 42

positive

Front 43

the blood vessels that contain internal valves are the

Back 43

veins

Front 44

tiny, disk-shaped cell fragments in the blood that initiate blood clotting are

Back 44

platelets

Front 45

A doctor is examining a healthy, 27-year old male patient of average height and weight. several members of the patient's family have had heart attacks. the patient asks the doctor for advice on things he can do to reduce his own risk of having a heart attack. which would the doctor likely recommend?

Back 45

exercising regularly

Front 46

A person's resting blood pressure is 155/95. What medical condition does he have?

Back 46

hypertension

Front 47

What BEST explains why normal exhalation at rest can be considered a passive process?

Back 47

Exhalation does not require muscle contraction.

Front 48

What BEST explains why people with type AB blood are sometimes considered universal recipients?

Back 48

People with type AB blood have neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies

Front 49

In the electrocardiogram shown below, the left hump (A) indicates the contraction of the atria, and the tall peak (V) shoes the contraction of the ventricles. what structure within the cardiac conduction system causes the gap between them (G)?

Back 49

atrioventricular node

Front 50

What BEST explains why cardiac muscle cells are more dependent on a steady supply of nutrients than are skeletal muscle cells?

Back 50

Cardiac muscle cells have a higher density of mitochondria than skeletal muscle cells.