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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abdominal wall layers |
-skin -superficial fascia -muscles -deep fascia -extraperitoneal fat -parietal peritoneum |
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What are the three layers of the embryo flat disk by the end of the 5th week? |
-ectoderm -endoderm -mesoderm |
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Rectus Abdominis |
-medial anterior -vertically for pubic bone to ant rib cage and xiphoid process -flex trunk, compress organs, stabalize pelvis |
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External Oblique |
-most external anterolateral -from ant lower ribs inserting into line alba, pubic crest, inguinal ligament -compress and support |
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Internal Oblique |
-middle of anterolateral -from lumbar fascia inserting on line alba &pubis -postural function |
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Transversus Abdominis AKA Transverse Abdominal |
-most internal anterolateral -horizontally from lower costal cartilage to pubic crest inserting in the ant rectus sheath -compress and support |
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Psoas |
-posterior wall muscle -obliquely from pelvic crest inserting in the pubic bone -flex and bend thigh |
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Quadratus Lumborum |
-posterior wall muscle -vertically from iliac crest to 12th rib, attaches to upper lumbar vertebrae -flex |
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Iliacs |
-posterior triangular muscle -from iliac fossa inserting in femur -flex thigh and pelvis |
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Linea Alba |
-midline tendon -from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis -continuation of rectus sheath |
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Recutus Sheath |
-encases rectus abdominis ant & post -fuses ant @ mid to form linea alba |
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Linea Semilunaris |
-posterior rectus sheath |
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Umbilicus |
-where anterolateral muscles fuse |
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Umbilical ring |
-opening in linea alba where umbilical cord was |
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Inguinal Ligament |
-from pubic bone to ant sup iliac spine -landmark for separation of pelvis to thigh |
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Inguinal Canal |
-opening in inguinal ligament Male- spermatic cord passes Female- Round ligament of uterus passes |
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Diaphragm |
-concave -separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity -right dome slightly higher bc of liver |
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During inspiration does the diaphragm ascend or descend? |
-descends |
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During expiration does the diaphragm ascend or descend? |
-ascends |
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Diaphragmatic crura |
-tendons that attach diaphragm to abd wall right crus- first three lumbar vertebrae -larger and longer than left left crus- first two lumbar vertebrae |
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Medial arcuate ligament |
-connects medal borders of left& right crura as they cross ant to aorta |
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Lateral arcuate ligament |
-from first lumbar vertebrae to 12th rib |
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Central Tendon |
-medial margining of peripheral fibers |
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Caval hiatus |
-passage of IVC& lymph from abd into thorax -most superior of openings |
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Esophageal hiatus |
-passage of esophagus, vessels& lymph from thorax to abd -superior to aortic hiatus |
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Aortic hiatus |
-passage of aorta& vessels from thorax to abd -posterior in diaphragm |
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Addison 9 regions |
-right hypochondrium -epigastrium -left hypochondrium -right lumbar -umbilical -left lumbar -right iliac (inguinal) -pubic (hypogastrium) -left iliac (inguinal) |
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4 quadrants |
-right upper quadrants (RUQ) -left upper quadrants (LUQ) -right lower quadrants (RLQ) -left lower quadrants (LLQ) |
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Anterior Cavity |
-thoracic cavity: heart& lungs -abdomino-pelvic cavity diaphragm separates the thoracic from abdomino-pelvic |
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Posterior Cavity |
-cranial cavity: brain -spinal cavity: spinal cords& nerves |
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Peritoneal Cavity |
-largest cavity lining abdominopelvic cavity -composed of ligaments and folds that connect the organs to each other and to abd walls -potential fluid collection areas Males-completely sealed Females-opening for fallopian tubes |
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Peritoneum |
-thin membrane that divides abdominal organs -serous fluid in-between layers (lubricates and protects) |
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Parietal Peritoneum |
-outer layers -lines wall of abdominopelvic cavity |
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Visceral Peritoneum |
-inner layer -covers the organs |
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Mesentery |
-layers of peritoneum that attaches part of intestines to posterior abd wall |
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Omentum |
-layers of peritoneum that attaches stomach to another organ |
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Greater omentum |
-attaches greater curvature of stomach, draps down to small intestine & connects trans colon |
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Lesser omentum |
-attaches lesser curvature of stomach to liver -provides support for the hepatic vessels |
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Greater sac |
-largest extending across anterior abdomen & from diaphragm to pelvis (houses the liver, spleen, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, trans colon, sig colon, and upper 2/3 of rectum) |
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Subdiaphragmatic space |
AKA subphrenic space -part of greater sac -between diaphragm and ant liver -rt and lt sides divided by falciform ligament |
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subhepatic space |
-part of greater sac -posterior& interior to liver -right space btw the right lobe of liver& kidney -AKA Morison's pouch -left space btw left lobe of liver& kidney |
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Subsplenic space |
-part of greater sac -space under spleen (on left) |
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Colic gutters |
-fluid filled collecting spaces -right lateral paracolic gutter (ascending) -right medial paracolic gutter (ascending) -left lateral paracolic gutter (descending) -left medial parcolic gutter (descending) |
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Where do the colic gutters lead to? |
-all lead to pelvic cavity but right medial paracolic gutter |
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Rectovesical |
-male pelvic space -posterior space btw post wall of bladder& rectum |
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Vesicouterine |
-female pelvic space -ant space btw uterus and post wall of bladder AKA anterior cul-de-sac |
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Rectouterine |
-female pelvic space -posterior between uterus and rectum AKA pouch of douglas or posterior cup-de-sac |
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Space of Retzius |
AKA prevesicle or retropubic space -extraperitoneal pelvic space -btw ant wall of bladder and symphysis pubis |
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Lesser sac |
AKA omental bursa -no organs -posterior to stomach, anterior to pancreas |
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Foramen of winslow |
AKA Epiploic foramen -connection between the greater and lesser sac |
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Ligaments |
-formed from peritoneum and divide various portions of peritoneal cavity |
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Falciform ligament |
-from umbilicus into liver and splits into two branches that suspend liver from diaphragm -coronary ligament: right branch -left triangular ligament: left branch |
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Ligament teres |
-ligament that is within the falciform ligament |
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Hepatoduodenal ligament |
-connects liver to duodenum |
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Gastrohepatic ligament |
-connects stomach to liver |
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Splenorenal ligament |
-connects splenic hilum to post abd wall |
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Gastrosplenic ligament |
-connects stomach to spleen and diaphragm
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Broad ligament |
-suspends walls of uterus to pelvic wall |
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Intraperitoneal organs |
-organs within peritoneal liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, illeum, cecum + appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, upper 1/3 of rectum, ovaries |
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What's the sonographic appearance of skin?
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-thin -highly echogenic 1-4 mm thickness |
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What's the sonographic appearance of subcutaneous fat?
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-variable echogenicity, usually hypoechoic to ski |
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What's the sonographic appearance of muscle? |
-hypoechoic with hyperechoic striations from muscle fascia
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What's the sonographic appearance of peritoneal cavity? |
-not usually visualized unless fluid is present -patietal peritoneal layer is thin hyperechoic |
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What's the sonographic appearance of diaphragm? |
-curvilinear -hyperechoic band |
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What type of transducer should you use when scanning anterior abdominal wall?
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-high frequency linear array -low frequency curved array on obese patients |
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What can you use to image something that is very superficial?
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Stand-off pad |
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How should you image abnormalities? |
-multiple planes -in relation to other structures -compare unaffected contralateral side -with& without valsalva |
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What organs are in the RUQ |
-liver -right kidney -colon -pancreas -gallbladder |
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What organs are in the LUQ |
-liver -spleen -left kidney -stomach -colon -pancreas |
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What organs are in the RLQ |
-right kidney -colon -small intestines -ureter -appendix |
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What organs are in LLQ |
-left kidney -colon -small intestines -uteter |
