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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the mole ratio used between MnO4- and Fe2+ is titrations. |
2:5 |
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What is the mole ratio used between Fe2+ and Cr2O7(2-) in titrations |
6:1 |
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What is the mole ratio used between I2 and S2O3(2-) |
1:1 |
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Two examples of poisoning in heterogeneous catalysts |
Sulfur - Haber Process Lead - Catalytic Converters in cars |
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Homogeneous Catalysis: Esterification reaction |
Catalyst: Concentrated sulfuric acid Reaction example: CH3COOH + C2H5OH ---> CH3COOC2H5 + H20 |
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Heterogeneous Catalysis: Production of Methanol |
Catalyst: Chromium (III) oxide Equation: CO(g) + 2H2(g) ----> CH3OH (l) Uses of methanol: Fuel, Solvents, dyes, medicines |
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Heterogeneous catalysis: The Haber Process |
Catalyst: Iron Equation: N2(g) + 3H2(g) ---> 2NH3(g) Uses: Fertilizers The hydrogen needed can be manufactured by the reaction of methane with steam: CH4(g) + 2H20(g) ----> CO2(g) + 4H2(g) |
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Homogeneous Catalysts: Decomposition of H202 |
Catalyst: Br2 Equations: 1) H202(aq) + Br2(aq)-> 2H+(aq) +2Br-(aq) + O2(g) 2) H202(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2Br-(aq)---> 2H20(l) + Br2(aq) Overall: 2H202 ---> 2H20 + O2 |
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Homogeneous Catalysts: Reaction with aqueous peroxodisulphate ions with aqueous iodide ions |
Catalyst: Fe2+ Equations: 1) S2O8(2-)(aq) + 2Fe2+(aq) ---> 2SO4(2-)(aq) + 2Fe3+(aq) 2) 2Fe3+ (aq) 2I-(aq) ---> 2Fe2+ (aq) + I2(aq) Overall: S208(2-)(aq) + 2I-(aq) ---> 2SO4(2-) + I2(aq) Reaction is favourable without catalyst but slow because both negatively charged ions Reaction with catalyst involves oppositely charged ions |
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Homogeneous Catalysts: Manganate(VII) ions and ethanedioate ions |
Catalyst: Mn2+ Equations: 1) MnO4(-)(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 4Mn2+(aq) ---> 5Mn3+(aq) + 4H20(l) 2) C2O4(2-)(aq) + 2Mn3+(aq) ---> 2CO2(g) + 2Mn2+(aq) Overall: 2MnO4-(aq) + 16H+(aq) + 5C204(2-)(aq) ---> 2Mn2+(aq) + 10CO2(g) + 8H20(l) |
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Heterogeneous catalysts: The Contact Process |
Catalyst: Vanadium(V) Oxide Equations: 1) SO2(g) + V205(s) ---> SO3(g) + V2O4(s) 2)V2O4(s) + 0.5O2(g) --> V205 (s) Overall: SO2(g) + 0.5O2(g) ---> SO3(g) |
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Dichromate ion in Zn and HCl solution |
Zn and HCl reacts to produce H2 which acts as a reducing agent. Cr207(2-)(aq) ---> [CrCl2(H20)4]+ (aq) [CrCl2(H20)4]+ (aq) <----->[Cr(H2O)6]2+(aq) |
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Hexaaquachromium (III) in alkaline solution in hydrogen peroxide |
[Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq) --> [Co(H2O)3(OH)3](s) + 3H2O(l) [Cr(H2O)3(OH)3](s) + 3OH-(aq) --> [Cr(OH)6]3-(aq) + 3H2O(l) 2[Cr(OH)6]3-(aq) + 3H2O2(aq)--> 2CrO4(2-)(aq) + 2OH- + 8H2O(l) |
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Hexaaquacobalt (II) in alkaline solution using hydrogen peroxide |
[Co(H2O)6]2+ + 2OH-(aq) --> [Co(H2O)4(OH)2](s) + 2H2O(l) 2[Co(H2O)3(OH)3](s) + 2H2O(l) |
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Hexaaquacobalt (II) in air in ammonical solution (oxidation) |
[Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2NH3(aq) --> [Co(H2O)4(OH)2](s) + 2NH4+(aq) [Co(H2O)4(OH)2](s) + 6NH3(aq) --> [Co(NH3)6]2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) + 2OH-(aq) [Co(NH3)6]2+(aq) ---> (rapid oxidation) [Co(NH3)6]3+(aq) + e- |
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MSO4 with water |
MSO4 + 6H2O --> [M(H2O)6]2+(aq) + SO4(2-)(aq) M=Cu or Fe |
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MCl2 with water |
MCl2(s) + 6H2O(l) --> [M(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) M=Co |
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MCl3 with water |
MCl3(s) + 6H2O(l) --> [M(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3Cl-(aq) M=Al, Cr, Fe |
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Hexaaqua (II) ions in alkaline solution |
[M(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) ---> [M(H2O)4(OH)2](s) + 2H2O M=Cu, Co, Fe |
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Hexaaqua (III) ions in alkaline solution |
[M(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq) --> [M(H2O)3(OH)3](s) + 2H2O [M(H2O)3(OH)3](s) + OH-(aq) --> M(OH)4(-)(aq)+3H2O M=Al,Cr,Fe (fe only does first reaction) |
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Triaquatrihydoxo (III) precipitates in acidic solutions |
[M(H2O)3(OH)3](s) + 3H30+(aq) ---> [M(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3H2O(l) M=Al, Cr |
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Hexaaqua (II) ions with carbonate ions |
2[M(H2O)6]2+(aq) + CO3(2-)(aq) ---> MCO3(s) + 6H2O(l) M= Cu, Co, Fe |
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Hexaaqua (III) ions with Carbonate ions |
2[M(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 3CO3(2-)(aq) ---> 2[M(H2O)3(OH)3](s) + 3H2O + 3CO2(g) M = Al, Cr, Fe |
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Hexaaqua ions with ammonia (Substitution) |
M= Co2+,, Cr3+ [M(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 6NH3 --> [M(NH3)6]2+ (aq) + 6H2O *Or 3+ ions M= Cu2+ [M(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 4NH3 --> [M(H2O)2(NH3)4]2+ + 4H2O(aq) |
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Hexaaquacopper (II) ions with Chloride ions in aqueous solution |
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + 4Cl-(aq) <---> [CuCl4]2-(aq) + 6H2O |
