A & P Ii Exam 2

Front 1

Lymphatic system functions

Back 1

Returns interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins back to the blood ( once interstitial fluid enters lymphatic sit is called lymph)

Provide a structural base from immune system

Front 2

Lymphatic capillaries

Back 2

Permeable take up debrisl

Front 3

Lymphatic ducts

Back 3

Right lymphatic duct drains the right upper are abc right side of the head and thorax

Thoracic duct arises from cisterna chyle and drums rest of body

Both empty into venous circulation at interval jugular and subclavian veins

Front 4

Lymph is transported by..

Back 4

Pulsations of nearby arteries

And contractions if smooth muscle in the walls of the lymphatics

Front 5

T cells

Back 5

Manage immune response attack and destroy

Front 6

B cells

Back 6

Produce plasma proteins which secrete antibodies

Front 7

Macrophages

dendritic and

reticular cells

Back 7

Phagocytize

Capture antigens and deliver to lymph nodes

Produce stroma to support other cells

Front 8

Lymph nodes

Back 8

Principle lymphatic organs. Filter lymph with macrophages , immune system lymphocytes are activated attack antigens

Front 9

Lymph entrance and exit of lymph nodes

Back 9

Afferrent entrance efferent exit (fewer)

Front 10

Spleen

Back 10

Largest lymphatic organ cleanses blood of aged cells

White pulp-around central arteries (lymphocytes)

Red pulp- disposal of old rbcs and pathogens

Front 11

Thymus

Back 11

Larger in childhood T cell maturation

Front 12

Tonsils

Back 12

simplest lymphoid organs

Crypts trap and destroy bacteria

Front 13

Peter patches

Back 13

Clusters of lymphoid follicles small intestine

And appendix ( generate memory lymphocytes)

Front 14

MALT

Back 14

Mucosa associated lymphatic tissue

- peters patches, tonsils, and appendix protects digestive and respiratory system

Front 15

Innate defense system

Back 15

1st line of defense external body membranes and mucosa

2nd line of defense anti microbial proteins phagocytes mad other cells (inflammation)

Front 16

Adaptive defense system

Back 16

3rd line if defense specific

Front 17

Macrophages

Back 17

Develop from monocytes become phagocytize

Front 18

Neutrophils

Back 18

Become phagocytize on encountering infectious material in tissues

Front 19

Natural killer cells

Back 19

Secrete potent chemicals that enhance the inflammatory response

Front 20

inflammatory response

Back 20

Triggered when body tissues are injured or infected

Front 21

Cardinal signs of acute inflammation

Back 21

Redness pain swelling heat sometimes impairment of function

Front 22

Inflammatory mediators

Back 22

Histamine from mast cells blood proteins complement

Front 23

Exudate

Back 23

inflammatory chemicals case to leak. Moves foreign materials into lymphatic vessels

Front 24

Interferons and complement proteins

Back 24

Attack micro organisms directly and hider their ability to reproduce

Viral infected cells secrete IFN which enter neighboring cells

Complement kills bacteria and certain other cell types by lysis. (mAC-water into cells)

Front 25

Fever

Back 25

Systemic response to invading micro organisms. Leukocytes and macrophages secrete pyrogens which elevate temp

High fevers are dangerous because heat denatures enzymes

Benefits of moderate fever ^ metabolic rate>repair. Causes liver and spleen to sequester iron and zinc needed by micro organisms

Front 26

Adaptive immune response

Back 26

Specific has memory humoral antibody mediated B cells

Cellular mediatred T cells

Front 27

Antigens

Back 27

Substances that can metabolize the adaptive defenses bad provoke an immune response( complex molecules)

Front 28

Complete antigens

Back 28

Immunogenicity ability to stimulate proliferation of specific lymphocytes and antibodies

Reactivity ability to react with products I'd activated lymphocytes and antibodies released

Front 29

Haptens incomplete antigens

Back 29

Small molecules not immunogenicity by themselves are immunogenicity when attached ti body proteins

Front 30

Antigenic determinants

Back 30

Certain parts if antigens that's are immunogenic antibodies and lymphocyte receptors bind to them

Front 31

Self antigens MHC proteins

Back 31

Proteins molecules on the surface of cells(self antigens) display peptides

Front 32

When lymphocytes mature

Back 32

They develop immuncompetence ability to recognize and bind to a specific antigen

Self tolerance unresponsive ti antigens

Front 33

Antigen presenting cells

Back 33

Engulf antigens present fragments of antigens to be recognized by T cells

Front 34

Clone cells that do not become plasma cells become

Back 34

Memory cells

Front 35

Primary immune response

Back 35

Occurs ion the first exposure to a specific exposure to a specific antigen

Front 36

Secondary immune response

Back 36

Occurs on re exposure to same specific antigen

-antibody levels peak in 2-3 days

- antibodies bind stronger

-antibody level can remain high for weeks

Front 37

Antibodies

Back 37

Immunoglobulins, proteins secreted by plasma cells

Front 38

IgM

Back 38

1st antibody released

Front 39

IgA

Back 39

In mucus and other secretions

Front 40

IgD

Back 40

B cell receptor

Front 41

IgG

Back 41

Crosses the placenta barrier

Front 42

IgE

Back 42

Some allergies and parasitic infections

Front 43

Defense mechanisms used by antibodies

Back 43

Neutralization( antibodies block specific sites on viruses or bacterial exotoxins prevent binding to tissues) and agglutination( cross linked antigen antibodies agglutinate)

Precipitation and complement fixation( trigger cell lysis)

Front 44

Types of T cells

Back 44

CD4 helper T cells

CD8 cytotoxic T cells

Regulatory T cells

Memory T cells