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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is cytoplasm located?
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between the plasma membrane and nucleus
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What is cytosol?
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water with solutes
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What are cytoplasmic organelles?
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metabolic machinery of the cell
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What are inclusions located in the cytoplasm?
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granules of glycogen or pigments, lipid droplets, vacoules, and crystal
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What are the membranous cytoplasmic organelles?
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mitochondria
peroxisomes lysosomes ER golgi apparatus |
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Non-membranous cytoplasmic organelles?
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cytoskeleton
centrioles ribosomes |
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Mitochondria provide what for the cell?
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most of the cell's ATP
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What is the structure of mitochondria?
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double membrane structure with shelflike cristae
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Mitochondria unlike any other organelle contain their own ____and ____.
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DNA, RNA
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What is the function of ribosomes?
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protein syntheis
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What is the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum?
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interconnected tubes and parallel membranes enclosing cisternae
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There are two varieties of endoplasmic reticulum___and ___.
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rough and smooth
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What is the function of Rough Er and what is its structure?
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Manufactures and secretes all proteins, synthesizes membrane integral proteins and phospholipids,
external surface is studded with ribosomes |
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What is the structure and function of smooth ER?
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tubules arranged in a looping network, breakdown of lipids and storage and release of calcium
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What is the function and structure of the Golgi Apparatus?
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stacked flattened membranous sacs,
modifies, concentrates, and packages proteins and lipids |
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What is the structure and function of lysosomes?
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spherical membranous bags containing digestive enzymes,
1. digest ingested bacteria 2. break down release glycogen 3. degrade nonfunctional organelles 4. break down bone to release Ca2+ 5. destroy injured cells |
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What is the function of the enodmembrane system?
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produce, store, and export biological molecules and degrade potentially harmful substances
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What is the structure and function of peroxisomes?
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membranous sacs contailing powerful oxidases and catalases
1. detoxify harmful or toxic substances 2. neutralize dangerous free radicals |
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What is the cytoskeleton and what is it composed of?
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an elaborate series of rods throughout cytosol. it is composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
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What are microfilaments and what are their purpose?
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They are dynamic actin strands attached to cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane. They are involved in cell motility, change in shape, and endocytosis and exocytosis.
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What are intermediate filaments and what are their purpose?
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tough, insoluble ropelike protein fibers
they resist pulling forces on the cell and attach to desmosomes |
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What are microtubules and what are their functions?
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They are dynamic hollow tubes that radiate from the centrosome.
They determine the overall shape of cell and distribution of organelles |
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What are motor molecules and what are they powered by?
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protein complexes that function in motility(ex. movement of organelles and contraction)
the are powered by ATP |
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The centrosome contains ____and ___.
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centrioles and microtubules
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The centrosome is the______
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cell center
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What is the function of the centrosome?
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generate microtubules and organize the miotic spindle
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What are cilia and flagella?
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whip like extensions on the surfaces of certain cells
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Red blood cells are ____?
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anucleated
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The nucleus has the blueprints for ___.
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proteins
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What cells are multinucleated?
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skeletal muscle, liver , and bone destruction
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the nucleoli is involve in
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rRna synthesis and ribosome subunit assembly
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The chromatin create the ____ when the cell ____.
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chromosomes , starts to divide
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