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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ecology
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the study of how organisms interact with each other and with their environments.
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Species
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a group of individuals that interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
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Population
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members of a species that live in the same area at the same time.
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Community
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all of the populations in a particular area.
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Ecosystem
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the community of organisms in an area as well as the non-living factors of the environment.
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Biosphere
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the region of the Earth that supports all living things as well as air, water, and soil.
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Biotic Factor
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parts of an ecosystem that are living or used to be living.
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Abiotic Factor
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parts of an ecosystem that have never been living.
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Habitat
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the specific environment in which an organism lives.
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Resource
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anything an organism needs, including nutrients, shelter, breeding sites, and mates.
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Crust
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a thin layer of relatively cool rock that forms Earth’s outer skin both on dry land and in the ocean.
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Mantle
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second layer of the Geosphere – very hot and mostly solid; has two layers: the lithosphere (top) and the asthenosphere (bottom).
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Core
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made of molten metals such as iron and nickel that are almost as notes the surface of the sun. Inner: solid ball of metal. Outer: molten metal.
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Tectonic Plate
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a large section of the lithosphere that moves over Earth’s surface.
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Landform
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features such as mountains, islands, and continents.
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Geosphere
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made from all the rock at or below the Earth’s surface.
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Biosphere
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consists of all the planets living and once-living things and non-living parts of the environment.
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Atmosphere
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the layers of gasses surrounding our planet.
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What are the different spheres found on Earth?
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Geosphere, Lithosphere, Biosphere, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere
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Which of the Earth’s spheres encompasses all of the Earth’s water?
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The Hydrosphere
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What are the different parts of the Geosphere?
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Crust, Mantle, Inner/Outer Core
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What are landforms?
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Features such as mountains, islands, and continents.
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What are divergent boundaries?
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plates move away from each other; form more sea floor.
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What are convergent boundaries?
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plates move together; they form mountains, or if there are two plates that contain sea and land, the sea plates goes under the land plate to create seduction.
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What are transform boundaries?
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Transform: plates brush across each other; create earthquakes.
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What are the three major divisions of the Geosphere? The five sub-divisions?
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3 divisions: The crust, the mantle, and the core.
5 sub-divisions: The crust, the mantle, the inner core, and the outer core. |
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What moves the asthenosphere?
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Convections currents in the asthenosphere move tectonic plates. Collisions and separations of the plates result in landforms.
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How do plate tectonics influence the characteristics of Earth’s surface?
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Landforms such as earthquakes and volcanoes form from the moving of the tectonic plates.
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What are hot spots?
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A small area or region with a relatively hot temperature in comparison to its surroundings.
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How do scientists age islands?
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The islands farthest from the hotspot are generally older and smaller, while those closer to the hotspot are generally younger, taller, and steeper.
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How do scientists describe spheres other than by their size?
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By their function.
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What is the geosphere made up of?
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Rocks and minerals at and blow the surface of Earth.
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What is the biosphere?
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The sphere of the Earth that consists of all the planet’s living or once-living things and the non-living parts of the environment with which they interact.
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What is the crust?
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The outermost layer of the Earth and the Geosphere.
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What is an example of the biosphere interaction with the planet's living things?
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An earthworm tunneling though the soil.
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Define ozone and its purpose.
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Ozone is a form of oxygen and it is found in the atmosphere. It protects the Earth from harmful rays from the sun reaching Earth.
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What are greenhouse gases? What is an example of a greenhouse gas?
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A gas that keeps the Earth warm. Examples: Ozone, Water Vapor, Carbon Dioxide…
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Why are greenhouse gases important?
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Greenhouse gases are needed in order to create a life-supporting atmosphere.
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How do the greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere affect our environment?
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When the gases keep the heat inside the atmosphere, it heats up the earth. When the heat is more than the environment can take, it overheats ice, for example.
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Describe how the organisms in the biosphere affect the atmosphere and vice versa.
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When the environment changes, the organisms in that environment change also. Once the organisms evolve, they change the environment by their different needs.
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What makes up an organism's habitat?
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The organism’s food, shelter, and other resources.
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What is a species? Example?
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A group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring. Example: horse + donkey = mule (infertile)
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What is an ecosystem? Example?
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The community of organisms in an area as well as the non-living factors of the environment. Example: my neighborhood
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What is a community?
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All the populations in a certain area. Example: my family + my pets
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What is a population?
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All the individuals of a particular species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time. Example: my family
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What is a species?
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A group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring.
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What is a biome?
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A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities. Example: Temperate Forests
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What is a biosphere?
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The region of the Earth that supports all living things as well as air, water, and soil. Example: THE EARTH.
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Define habitat.
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The place where a organism or population naturally thrives; the size of the habitat depends on the size of the organism. Ex: provides an animal w/ food, shelter, & other resources.
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Define niche.
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Specific conditions in which the organisms in a species can live.
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Define biotic.
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All the living things with which an organism might interact.
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Define abiotic.
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The physical environmental non-living things.
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Name the different levels of ecological organization from smallest to largest.
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Atom … Molecule … Cells … Tissues … Organs … Organ Systems … Individual
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What is the difference between an organism’s ecosystem and its habitat?
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A habitat is where an animal gets it's food, shelter, and other resources, while an ecosystem is a habitat plus the abiotic things in the environment.
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35. Compare and contrast ecosystem and a habitat.
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Similar: Habitat & Ecosystem both include an animal's habitat.
Different: An ecosystem is an animal's habitat and the non-living things in an environment |
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Compare and contrast biotic and abiotic things.
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Compare: They both have to do with things in our environment.
Contrast: Biotic things are things that are living or were once living, while abiotic things are things that were never living. |
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Is a fallen rotting tree considered an abiotic or biotic factor? Explain.
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An biotic factor, because a fallen tree was once living.
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Describe the habitat of your organism biography. Where does it live? What resources does it use (abiotic or biotic)?
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Sardines
Habitat: in the east coast of Africa Resources: sticking in groups, water temperature, plankton, water, sharks, dolphins, birds, sea otters... |
