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132 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which colony was characterized by large farms that grew food products?
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Southern Colonies
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Which colony saw many of its population engaged in subsistence agriculture?
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New England Colonies
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Which colony contained the colony that was settled as a debtor colony?
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Middle Colonies
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Which colony was characterized by plantation agriculture?
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Southern Colonies
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Which colony was settled for religious reasons?
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Middle Colonies
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Which colony contained the colony that was settledas a haven for Catholics?
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Middle Colonies
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Which colony had cash crops that made up the majority of the crops?
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Southern Colonies
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What two things shaped the colonies?
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geography and religion
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What was the first colony in America?
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James Town
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What was the most important crop of the first colony founded?
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tobacco
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What was the colony founded for quakers?
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Pennnsylvania
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Who was the founder of Pennsylvania?
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William Penn
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What colony was founded for debtors?
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Georgia
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Who founded Georgia?
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George II and James Edward Oglethorpe
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Which were the four Middle Colonies?
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New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware
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Which country gained territory as a result of the French and Indian War?
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Great Britain
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What was a result of the French and Indian War in terms of the British?
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The British government had a large war debt
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Who were farmers only allowed to sell their crops to
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England
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Did the colonies have representation in government?
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no
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During the 1760s what laws did Great Britian start passing?
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trade and tax laws
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Who were the Loyalists?
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colonists who supported Great Britain's policies and British rule
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Who were the Patriots?
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the colonists who resisted the British government
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What did the Patriots believe?
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colonists had the rights to govern themselves
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What happened in 1754?
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Washington drives out French from Fort Duquesne
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What happeded in 1755?
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General Braddock leads British troops into a great loss at the hands of the French and their Native American allies
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What happened in 1759?
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British capture Canada
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What happened in 1763?
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Britain and France signed a peace treaty, France ceded, gave Canada to Britain
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Where did Britain controll after the F&I War?
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Ohio River Valley and Canada
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Who enraged the colonies in 1760?
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King George III
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What was the Procllamation of 1763?
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King George drew a line down the crest of the Appalachians, and made Indians stay west and settlers stay east.
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How many British troops were in the colonies under King George?
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7500
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What was the Stamp Act?
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a tax that colonists had to pay for every piece of paper they owned
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What was the Quartering Act?
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ordered colonial assemblies to provide British troops with quarters, or housing
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What were thetax on certain goods the colonies imported from Great Britain ?
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Townshend Acts
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What was the Tea Act?
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lowered the cost of tea that was sold by the British East India Company in the colonies
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What did the Tea Act give the BEIC?
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a monopoly over tea sales in the colonies
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What were the Intolerable Acts?
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1. closed Boston Harbor to all shipping until tea was paid for
2. Massachusetts was totally under British control 3. British soldiers were tried in England, not colonies 4. more troops were sent to Boston |
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What was the first battle of the revolution?
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Lexington and Concord
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What was the British objective in Lexington and Concord?
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to seize military supplies and arrest John Hancock and Sam Adams
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What was the political cause of the American Revolution?
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taxation without representation
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What was the economic cause of the American revolution?
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anger about the new taxes and British trade laws
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What was the social cause for the revolution?
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anger over the privileges of the wealthy classes
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When was the Declaration of Independence adopted and by who?
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July 4, 1776 by the Second Continental Congress
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Who mainly wrote the DoI?
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Thomas Jefferson and Ben Franklin
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What were the four parts of the Declaration?
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Preamble - opening statement
Statement of Principles - 5 principles guiding their thinking List of Grievances - 27 complaints Formal Declaration of Independence - conclusion |
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Who greatly influenced the Declaration of Independence?
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Locke and 18th Century philosophers of the "Enlighten Era"
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What were the 5 principles of the Declaration?
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1. Equality
2. Unalienable Rights 3. purpose of government 4. Consent of Government 5. Right of Revolution |
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What happened in terms of the Revolution in 1775?
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-war begins at Lexington and Concord
-the battle of Bunker Hill -Benedict Arnold and Prichard Montgomery fail to take Canada |
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What happened in terms of the Revolution in 1776?
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-British retreat from Boston
-British capture New York after the Battle of Long Island -Washington defeats British at Trenton adn Princeton |
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When was the turning point of the war?
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1777
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What happened in terms of the Revolution in 1777?
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Battle of Saratoga - General Gates defeats British General Burgoyne
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What countries sign an alliance with America?
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France, Spain, and Holland
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What happened in terms of the Revolution in 1777-1780?
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Each side had victories, but nothing extremely significant
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What happened in terms of the Revolution at Valley Forge?
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Washington spent the winter there training troops
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What was the War in the West?
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George Rogers Clark drives British out of the Ohio Valley
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What was the War at Sea?
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John Paul Jones wins important naval battles against British
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What was the War in the South?
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British evacuate Philadelphia and move to pro-Southern colonies
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What happened in terms of the Revolution in 1781?
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Battle of Yorktown - ends war of Independence
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Who lead the final battle in the revolution?
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Washington, Lafayette, and Admiral De
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What did the Treaty of Paris do?
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-ended the War of Independence
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Who was the Treaty of Paris negotiatied by?
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Ben Franklin
John Adams John Jay |
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What are the Articles of Confederation?
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first constitution of the United States
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What were the weaknesses of the Articles?
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-no president to carry out laws
-no court system -no power to tax -no power to regulate state or foreign trade |
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How many votes were needed under the Articles to pass a law?
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9
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How many votes were needed to make amendments to Articles?
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13
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What were the achievements of the Articles?
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-negotiated Peace of Paris
-kept the nation together until a strong cental government was established -settled two land disputes |
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What were the Two Land dispultes settled by the Articles?
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Land Ordinance of 1784,1785 - divided the Northwest Territory into townships
Northwest Ordinance 1787 - provided the division of the Northwest Territory into 5 new states |
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What 5 new states were made through the Northwest Ordinance 1787?
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Ohio
Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin |
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What was Shay's Rebellion?
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uprising of 2000 farmers because of confiscation of farms
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What was the problem with Great Britain under the Articles?
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refused to withdraw from American boarders
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What was the problem with Spain under the Articles?
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closed port of New Orleans to American shipping
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What was the problem with France under the Articles?
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angered by inability of Congress to pay its debts
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What was the problem with the Barbary Coast Pirates?
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inability of Congress to protect American ships from North America
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What were the Domestic Problems with the Articles?
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-lack of respect for the National Government
-quarrels between the states -Shays' Rebellion |
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What did the Constitutional Convention do?
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-wrote a new Constitution instead of revising the Articles
-created a Federal Union |
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What is a federal union?
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a strong central government that shares power with the states
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When and where did the Constitutional Convention meet?
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Philadelphia 1787
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Who is James Madison?
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Father of the Constitution
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Who is George Washington?
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President of Convention
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Who is Ben Franklin?
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"elder statesman"
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What did Alexander Hamilton support?
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a strong central government
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What did the Constitutional Convention about the government?
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it should be a republic where the people elect the President
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What is popular sovereignty?
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final authority should be people
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Who are the federalists?
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favored the constitution and a strong central government
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Who are the anti-federatlists?
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opposed the constituion and feared a strong central government
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Why did the anti-federalists not like the Constitution?
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it didn't have a bill of rights
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What were the three Constitutional Comprimises?
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1. Great Comprimise - Virginia and New Jersey Plans
2. Three-Fifth Comprimise 3. Slave Trade Comprimise |
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How many states radified the Constitution first?
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11
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Why did North Carolina not radify at first?
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they wanted a Bill of Rights
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Why did Rhode Island finally ratify?
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they were threatened to
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Which amendment is this: freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and the right to petition?
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first amendment
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Which amendment is this: Right to keep and bear arms?
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second
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Which amendment is this: freedom from quartering soldiers?
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third
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Which amendment is this:freedom from unlawful search and seizure ?
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fourth
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Which amendment is this: freedom from self-incrimination - double jeopardy, and right of due process?
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fifth
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Which amendment is this:right to a speedy trial by jury and representation by a lawyer ?
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sixth
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Which amendment is this: right to a trial by jury in civil cases?
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seventh
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Which amendment is this: freedom from excessive bail and fines?
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eighth
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Which amendment is this: reserves to the people powers (rights) not granted to the federal government?
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nineth
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Which amendment is this: reserves to the states powers not granted to the federal government?
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tenth
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Who was Washington's Cabinet?
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VP-John Adams
SS-Thomas Jefferson ST-Alexander Hamilton SW - Henry Knox AG-Edmond Randolph |
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What did Washington want his title to be?
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"Mr. President"
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What two things did Washington warn the states about in his farewell address?
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-problems with other countries
-"spirit of party" |
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What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
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a revolt by farmers in 1794 against an excise tax on whiskey
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Who was the first Democratic-Republican President?
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Thomas Jefferson
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When was Thomas Jefferson elected?
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1800
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What was theno foreign ships could enter U.S. ports and no American ships could leave,except to trade at other U.S. ports ?
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Embargo Act
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What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?
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four laws aimed at non-citizens to make things difficult for them
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What was the first Alien and Sedition Act?
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lengthened the time it took for an immigrant to become a citizen with the right to vote
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What were the second and third Alien and Sedition Acts?
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enabled the president to either jail or deport aliens who were suspected of activities that threatened the government
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What was the fourth Alien and Sedition Act?
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made sedition a crime
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What were the four reasons for the war of 1812?
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1. impressment of U.S. ships
2. closing of European ports to U.S. shipping 3. Indian raids encouraged by Britain 4. U.S. attempt to expand into Canada and Florida |
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Who are the "War Hawks"
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John Calhoun and Henry Clay
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What happened in 1814?
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British attack Baltimore and bombard Fort McHenry
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What happened in early 1815?
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British defeated by Andrew Jackson at Battle of New Orleans
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What was Henry Clay's American System?
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1. Economic Nationalism
2. Foreign Affairs Nationalism 3. Judicial Nationalism 4. Westward Movement Nationalism |
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What is the power of the Supreme Court to decide whether laws and acts made by the legislative and executive branches are unconstitutional ?
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judicial review
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What is the Treaty of Ghent?
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ended the War of 1812
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What is the Monroe Doctrine?
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President James Monroe's declaration in 1823 that the Western Hemisphere was no longer open to European colonization
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Whatcalled for a strong national government with three branches or parts ?
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was the Virginia Plan
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Whatcalled for a governmentwith three branches and each state would have an equal vote ?
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is the New Jersey Plan
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What was the the plan of government adopted at the Constitutional Convention that established a two house Congress ?
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Great Compromise
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What isan agreement stating that enslaved persons would be counted as three-fifths of a person when determining a state's population for representation ?
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the Three-Fifths Comprimise
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What is theCongresss could not place any tax on exports to other countries and could not interfere with slave trade for 20 years ?
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Slave Trade Comprimise
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Who wrote the Federalist Papers?
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Madison, Hamilton, and Jay
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What was the "Era of Good Feelings"?
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the time James Monroe was in office
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What was passage of protective tariff, charting of a 2nd Bank of the U.S., and internal improvments ?
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economic nationalism
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What were the Supreme Court Decisions?
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1. strengthened the role of the Supreme Court itself and fed. gov. power over the states
2. encouraged growth of capitalism |
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Who was elected in 1824?
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John Quincy Adams
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American Art
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Folk, portrait, Hudson River School of Painters-Landscapes, and Native American
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American Music
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church, spiritual and folk, patriotic, minstrel
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American Writers
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Washington Irving
James Fenimore Cooper Davy Crocket Henry Wadsworth Longfellow |
