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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Formula for calculating the serum osmolality ?
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( 2 x Na+) + Urea + Glucose + Ethanol
Normal Serum osmolality = 285-295 mOsm/kg |
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What is the normal Osmolar Gap ?
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range - 4 to + 10
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What are the Toxicological / Drug- induced
causes of an increased Osmolar Gap ? |
1. Ethanol
2. Toxic alcohols 3. Lithium 4. Mannitol 5. Sorbitol |
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What are the "Non-Toxicological" causes of an
increased Osmolar Gap ? |
1. Ketoacidosis
a. Diabetic (DKA) b. Alcoholic (AKA) 2. Severe Lactic acidosis 3. "Shock-Trauma-Burns" 4. Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) PLUS 5. Laboratory error |
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In regards to the QT Nomogram, what QT
intervals correspond to the following Heart rates, above which there exists a risk of TdP ?
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60 = 480
80 = 450 100 = 400 120 = 350 |
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What is the role of the QT nomogram ?
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It predicts the "Arrhythmogenic risk" for
drug-induced QT prolongation. |
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Which of the following is incorrect regarding Drug-induced Qt prolongation and Torsades de Pointes ?
A. The risk of TdP is better described by the corrected QT rather than the absolute QT. B. A QT interval-heart rate pair that plots above the nomogram line indicates the patents is at risk of TdP. |
A. The Absolute QT >> Corrected QT when
determining the risk of TdP. |
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In regards to calculating the QT interval on the ECG, how many milliseconds does 1 small square equal, and how many milliseconds does a large square equate to ?
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1 small square = 1 mm = 40 msec ( 0.04 sec)
1 large square = 5 mm = 200msec ( 0.2 sec). |
