400 Must Have Words For The Toefl With Some Thai Meaning

Front 1

abandon (v.)

Back 1

to leave; to give up

Hint 1

Ex: To save their lives, the sailors had to abandon the sinking ship.

Front 2

adversely (adj.)

Back 2

in a harmful way; negatively

Hint 2

Ex: Excessive rainfall early in the spring can adversely affect the planting of crops.
Usage Tips: adversely is often followed by affect.

Front 3

aggregate (adj.)

Back 3

gathered into or amounting to a whole - ที่รวบรวมเข้าไว้ด้วยกัน

Hint 3

Ex: It is impossible to judge last year's performance without knowing the aggregate sales numbers.
Usage Tips: aggregate is often followed by a term like sum, total, or numbers.

Front 4

cultivation (n.)

Back 4

preparing the land to grow crops; improvement for agricultural purposes - การเพาะปลูก

Hint 4

Ex: With the development of land cultivation, hunters and gatherers were able to settle in one place.

Front 5

fertilize (v.)

Back 5

to supply with nourishment for plants by adding helpful substances to the soil - ใส่ปุ๋ย

Hint 5

Ex: This farm fertilize tomatoes more than any other crop.

Front 6

intensify (v.)

Back 6

to increase in power; to act with increased strength - เพิ่มความรุนแรงขึ้น เพิ่มขึ้น

Hint 6

Ex: Jacob's long absence intensify his certainty that he should marry Rose.

Front 7

irrigation (n.)

Back 7

the supplying of water to dry land - การทดน้ำ การชลประทาน

Hint 7

Ex: In dry areas of the country, you can see ditches all over the farm-land for irrigation.

Front 8

obtain (v.)

Back 8

to gain possession of; to get

Hint 8

Ex: After a series of difficult interviews, he finally was able to obtain the job.

Front 9

photosynthesis (n.)

Back 9

the process by which green plants make their own food by combining water, salts, and carbon dioxide in the presence of light

Hint 9

Ex: Oxygen is a by-product of the process of photosynthesis.

Front 10

precipitation (n.)

Back 10

water that falls to the Earth's surface - น้ำฝน หิมะ

Hint 10

Ex: In the Pacific Northwest, the high level of precipitation ensures rich, green plant life.

Front 11

anticipate (v.)

Back 11

to expect; to sense something before it happens - คาดหวัง คาดการณ์ล่วงหน้า

Hint 11

Ex: By placing sensors in earthquake-prone areas, scientists can anticipate some tremors in time to warn the public.

Front 12

catastrophic (adj.)

Back 12

Extremely harmful; causing financial or physical ruin - อย่างร้ายแรง อย่างวิบัติ

Hint 12

Ex: The architect died in a catastrophic elevator accident.

Front 13

collide (v.)

Back 13

to come together with great or violent force - ขัดแย้งกันกัน ไม่เห็นด้วยอย่างยิ่งกับ

Hint 13

Ex: As usual, their holiday was ruined when their in-laws' views on politics collide with their own.

Front 14

eruption (n.)

Back 14

a sudden, often violent, outburst - การระเบิด การลุกลาม

Hint 14

Ex: The eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 caused 57 deaths and immeasurable change to the face of the mountain.
Usage Tips: eruption is often followed by an of phrase.

Front 15

famine (n.)

Back 15

severe hunger; a drastic food shortage - ความอดอยาก ความขาดแคลน

Hint 15

Ex: The potato famine in Ireland in the mid-nineteenth century caused large numbers of Irish people to emigrate to America.

Front 16

flood (n.)

Back 16

an overflowing of water; an excessive amount

Hint 16

Ex: The constant rain and poor drainage system caused a flood in town.
Ex: The political party sent out a flood of letters criticizing their opponents.

Front 17

impact (n.)

Back 17

a strong influence - การกระทบ ผลกระทบ

Hint 17

Ex: The speech about the importance of education made an impact on me.
Usage Tips: impact is usually followed by on or of.

Front 18

persevere (v.)

Back 18

to keep going, despite obstacles or discouragement; to maintain a purpose - วิริยะ อุตสาหะ

Hint 18

Ex: The hikers persevere despite the bad weather and the icy trail.

Front 19

plunge (v.)

Back 19

to go down suddenly; to decrease by a great amount in a short time - ถลาลงไป พุ่งเข้าไป

Hint 19

Ex: He jumped off the diving board and plunge into the pool.
Ex: The value of the company's stock plunge after its chief executive was arrested.
Usage Tips: plunge is often followed by an into phrase.

Front 20

unleash (v.)

Back 20

to release a thing or an emotion

Hint 20

Ex: When they saw the strange man on their property, they unleash their dogs.
Ex: He is from such an unemotional family, he will never learn to unleash his feelings.

Front 21

adapt (v.)

Back 21

to adjust to the circumstances; to make suitable

Hint 21

Ex: Dinosaurs could not adapt to the warmer temperatures.
Ex: The teacher adapt the exercises for his more advanced students.
Usage Tips: adapt is often followed by to.

Front 22

diverse (adj.)

Back 22

various; showing a lot of differences within a group

Hint 22

Ex: India is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world.
Usage Tips: An -ly adverb (e.g., linguistically) often comes before diverse.

Front 23

evolve (v.)

Back 23

to develop; to come forth

Hint 23

Ex: Modern-day sharks evolve from their ancestor Eryops, which lived more than 200 million years ago.
Usage Tips: evolve is often followed by into or from.

Front 24

feature (n.)

Back 24

part, characteristic

Hint 24

Ex: The best featureof this car is its heated seats.
Usage Tips: feature is often followed by of.

Front 25

generation (n.)

Back 25

a group of people born at about the same time

Hint 25

Ex: As older managers retired, a new generation of leaders took control of the company.
Usage Tips: Before generation, an adjective like new, next, earlier, or older is common. generation is often followed by of.

Front 26

inherent (adj.)

Back 26

naturally characteristic; always found within something, because it's a basic part of that thing - มีอยู่โดยธรรมชาติ, มีอยู่โดยปกติ

Hint 26

Ex: No job can be interesting all the time. Boredom is inherent in any kind of work.
Usage Tips: inherent is often followed by in.

Front 27

migration (n.)

Back 27

movement from one place to another by a group of people or animals

Hint 27

Ex: The migration of farm workers from one state to the next depends primarily on the harvest.
Usage Tips: migration is often followed by to or from.

Front 28

physical (adj.)

Back 28

related to the body; related to materials that can be seen or felt

Hint 28

Ex: Because of the shape of its throat, an ape does not have the physical ability to speak.
Ex: The mountains form a physical barrier between the west and the east.
Usage Tips: physical usually comes before the noun it describes.

Front 29

process (n.)

Back 29

a series of steps leading to a result

Hint 29

Ex: To get a good job, most people go through a long process of letter-writing and interviews.
Usage Tips: process is often followed by of plus the -ing form of a verb.

Front 30

survive (v.)

Back 30

to continue living (despite some danger or illness)

Hint 30

Ex: After getting lost in the mountains, Gordon survive+ by eating wild plants and catching fish.
Usage Tips: survive is often followed by a phrase with by.

Front 31

constraint (n.)

Back 31

something that restricts thought or action

Hint 31

Ex: The constraint + of military life kept Eileen from seeing Private Morris more than once a month.

Front 32

contamination (n.)

Back 32

being made less clean by a germ or hazardous substance - การปนเปื้อน, การทำให้เปรอะ

Hint 32

Ex: The contamination in the river came from the factory located just upstream.

Front 33

deplete (v.)

Back 33

to greatly decrease the supply of a resource or material - ลด (จำนวน, ปริมาณ) ลง

Hint 33

Ex: The prolonged war deplete+ the country's national treasury.

Front 34

dispose of (v.)

Back 34

to throw away; to get rid of; to kill - กำจัด (คู่แข่ง, ขยะ) ; ฆ่า (ศัตรู)

Hint 34

Ex: She dispose of+ her unwanted possessions before moving. The tyrant cruelly disposed of all his enemies.
Usage Tips: dispose of should be learned as a unit. In this meaning, dispose of+ does not occur without of.

Front 35

elementally (adv.)

Back 35

in terms of elements; basically - โดยส่วนประกอบ, โดยองค์ประกอบ

Hint 35

Ex: elementally, coal and diamonds are the same.

Front 36

emission (n.)

Back 36

sending out from a small space into the general environment; a substance discharged into the air

Hint 36

Ex: The Environmental Protection Agency regulates the emission of pollutants into the air.
Usage Tips: emission is usually followed by an of phrase.

Front 37

extinction (n.)

Back 37

complete disappearance; the end of existence

Hint 37

Ex: Human beings have caused the extinction of many other species.
Usage Tips: extinction implies an absolute end; an extinction+ thing cannot be brought back into existence.

Front 38

reservoir (n.)

Back 38

a place where a liquid is collected and stored - ทะเลสาบเทียม, อ่างเก็บน้ำ

Hint 38

Ex: Cult members threatened to poison the town's water reservoir.

Front 39

shrink (v.)

Back 39

to become reduced in size, amount, or value - (grow smaller) หดลง, เล็กลง

Hint 39

Ex: If you dry your clothing on the "high heat" setting, they may shrink.

Front 40

stable (adj.)

Back 40

firm and dependable; showing little change - มั่นคง, คงที่, ทรงตัว

Hint 40

Ex: He fell because the ladder wasn't stable.

Front 41

adjust (v.)

Back 41

to change; to get accustomed to something

Hint 41

Ex: Travelers are advised to adjust their watches before arriving in the new time zone.

Front 42

arbitrary (adj.)

Back 42

chosen simply by whim or chance, not for any specific reason - (random) ที่ส่งเดช, ไม่มีกฎเกณฑ์, ซึ่งสุ่มทำ; (capricious) ตามอำเภอใจ, ที่พลการ

Hint 42

Ex: The decision to build a school in Blackberry Township was arbitrary, without any thought to future housing patterns.

Front 43

denominator (n.)

Back 43

the number written below the line in a fraction - ตัวหาร

Hint 43

Ex: In the fraction 1⁄2, the number 2 is the denominator.
Usage Tips: The phrase lowest common denominator means "the most basic and unsophisticated things that most people share.

Front 44

exponentially (adv.)

Back 44

at a very fast rate - อย่างกับยกกำลัง, อย่างรวดเร็วมาก

Hint 44

Ex: In Turkey, the value of the lira has decreased exponentially in the last several decades.
Usage Tips: exponentially is taken from mathematics, where an exponentially + is a number indicating how many times something is multiplied by itself. For example, 43 contains the exponentially + "3", indicating 4 × 4 × 4.

Front 45

infinitesimal (adj.)

Back 45

immeasurably small - เล็กน้อยเหลือเกิน, เล็กจนวัดไม่ได้, เหลือที่จะวัด

Hint 45

Ex: The number of contaminants in the water was infinitesimal, so the water was safe to drink.

Front 46

maximize (v.)

Back 46

to increase or make as great as possible

Hint 46

Ex: A coach helps each athlete maximize his or her potential.

Front 47

parallel (adj.)

Back 47

being an equal distance apart everywhere

Hint 47

Ex: The street where I live runs parallel to the main road through town.
Usage Tips: parallel is often followed by to.

Front 48

proportion (n.)

Back 48

a part in relation to the whole - (portion) สัดส่วน; (in recipe) สัดส่วน

Hint 48

Ex: The average employee spends a large proportion of each workday answering e-mails.
Usage Tips: proportion is often followed by of.

Front 49

rate (n.)

Back 49

the cost per unit of a good or service; the motion or change that happens in a certain time

Hint 49

Ex: Postal rate + in Japan are among the highest in the world.
Usage Tips: Some grasses grow at the rate of one inch per day.

Front 50

sequence (v.)

Back 50

to organize or arrange in succession

Hint 50

Ex: Volunteers have been asked to sequence the files and organize the boxes.

Front 51

accuracy (n.)

Back 51

precision; exactness - ความถูกต้องแม่นยำ

Hint 51

Ex: The research department checks all our articles for accuracy of facts before we print them.
Usage Tips: accuracy is often followed by of.

Front 52

adjacent (adj.)

Back 52

next to - ใกล้กัน, ติดต่อกัน, อยู่ข้างกัน

Hint 52

Ex: Even though the villages are adjacent to each other, their residents speak different languages.
Usage Tips: adjacent is often followed by to.

Front 53

compress (v.)

Back 53

to press together - (squeeze) บีบ, อัด (into เข้าไป)

Hint 53

Ex: To make the foundation stronger, they compress + the soil before pouring the concrete.

Front 54

feasibly (adv.)

Back 54

practically; in a way that can work - เป็นไปได้

Hint 54

Ex: Scientists can't feasibly bring energy from deep ocean currents to where it is needed-on land.

Front 55

gut (v.)

Back 55

to empty or hollow out

Hint 55

Ex: In order to remodel the house, we must first gut it and throw away all the old fixtures.
Usage Tips: gut also means "the stomach of an animal"; this verb makes an image, that the inside of a building is like the inside of an animal.

Front 56

integrally (adv.)

Back 56

in a whole or complete manner - (of a whole) ทั้งหมด, ทั้งมวล,

(whole, complete) เต็ม, บริบูรณ์

Hint 56

Ex: Writing and spelling are taught integrally as part of the reading program.

Front 57

overlap (v.)

Back 57

to lie over part of something; to have elements in common

Hint 57

Ex: One of the two assistants will likely get fired, since most of their duties in the office overlap .

Front 58

retain (v.)

Back 58

to keep or hold

Hint 58

Ex: The rain fell so heavily that the banks of the river could not retain all the water.

Front 59

seep (v.)

Back 59

to pass slowly for a long time, as a liquid or gas might - ไหลซึม

Hint 59

Ex: As the containers rusted, the toxic waste seep + into the ground.
Usage Tips: seep is often followed by into or through.

Front 60

structure (n.)

Back 60

something constructed, such as a building - วิธีก่อสร้าง;โครงสร้าง; [Music] การเรียบเรียงส่วนต่างๆ เข้าด้วยกัน

Hint 60

Ex: Most companies have a social structure that can't be understood by outsiders.

Front 61

circulate (v.)

Back 61

to move throughout an area or group; to move along a somewhat circular route - หมุนเวียน; (คน) วนไปรอบ; (ข่าว) เวียนไปทั่ว

Hint 61

Ex: The gossip circulate + quickly through the small town.
Ex: Blood circulate + more quickly during physical exercise.
Usage Tips: circulate is often followed by through.

Front 62

corrode (v.)

Back 62

to be slowly weakened by chemical reactions - ทำให้กร่อน, กัดทำลาย (เหล็ก, หิน) ; [figurative] ค่อยๆ ทำลาย (ความหวัง)

Hint 62

Ex: Sitting in salt water, the old coins corrode + and became very easy to break.
Usage Tips: A familiar kind of corrode + produces rust, the reddish coating on iron or steel that has been exposed to air and water.

Front 63

derive (v.)

Back 63

to come from, usually through a long, slow process - ได้ บางสิ่ง จาก บางสิ่ง

Hint 63

Ex: The Cyrillic alphabet was derive + from the Greek alphabet.
Usage Tips: derive is often followed by from.

Front 64

detection (n.)

Back 64

discovering something that cannot easily be found

Hint 64

Ex: With new medical technology, the detection of cancer is much easier nowadays.
Usage Tips: detection is often followed by an of phrase.

Front 65

expeditiously (adv.)

Back 65

quickly and efficiently - ว่องไว (= prompt, quick, speed)

Hint 65

Ex: Using carrier pigeons, the military commanders exchanged messages expeditiously.

Front 66

implement (v.)

Back 66

to make use of; to carry out

Hint 66

Ex: Not until after the new software was installed could we implement the new filing system.

Front 67

installation (n.)

Back 67

setting something into position for use

Hint 67

Ex: installation of the new software takes only four minutes.

Front 68

maintenance (n.)

Back 68

the act of keeping something in good condition

Hint 68

Ex: The only problem with living in such a big house is that it requires a lot of maintenance.

Front 69

simulation (n.)

Back 69

an imitation or representation

Hint 69

Ex: To test car safety, automobile makers study crash simulation +.

Front 70

innovative (adj.)

Back 70

ahead of the times; novel - เป็นของใหม่, ใช้ชีวิตใหม่

Hint 70

Ex: The innovative use of props and lighting drew many favorable comments.

Front 71

combustion (n.)

Back 71

the process of burning

Hint 71

Ex: When air quality is poor, combustion of materials in a fireplace is prohibited.
Usage Tips: combustion is often followed by of.

Front 72

component (n.)

Back 72

one part of a system or whole

Hint 72

Ex: Their home theater system has a number of separate component +.
Usage Tips: component is often followed or preceded by of.

Front 73

convey (v.)

Back 73

to transport from one place to another; to transmit or make known

Hint 73

Ex: A messenger convey + the prince's letter to the commander of the army.
Ex: The worst part about being a doctor was when she had to convey bad news to a family.

Front 74

discretely (adv.)

Back 74

separately; distinctly - แยกออกต่างหาก, แยกออกเป็นตัวของตัวเอง

Hint 74

Ex: In order to understand how the engine worked, each component needed to be studied discretely.

Front 75

nucleus (n.)

Back 75

a central or essential part around which other parts are gathered; a core - ศูนย์กลาง; (of collection) ส่วนกลางหรือของมีรูปกลมที่เป็นที่รวมของส่วนอื่นๆ

Hint 75

Ex: The nucleus of many European cities is the town square.
Usage Tips: nucleus is often followed by of.

Front 76

permeate (v.)

Back 76

to spread or flow through out ; to pass through or penetrate - (get into) ผ่าน; (pass through) ซึมผ่าน; (saturate) ชุ่มไปทั่ว

Hint 76

Ex: The smell of cooking permeate + the entire apartment building.

Front 77

rotate (v.)

Back 77

to turn around; to take turns in sequence

Hint 77

Ex: The planet rotate + on its axis once every 14 Earth days.
Ex: The children rotate classroom responsibilities on a weekly basis.

Front 78

solar (adj.)

Back 78

of, or relating to, the sun - แห่งดวงอาทิตย์

Hint 78

Ex: The ancient society kept time with a solar calendar.

Front 79

source (n.)

Back 79

the point of origin or creation

Hint 79

Ex: The reporter was unable to identify the source of the information for his story.

Front 80

trigger (v.)

Back 80

to set off or initiate - ทำให้เกิดปฏิกิริยารุนแรง, ทำให้กระบวนการดำเนินการไป

Hint 80

Ex: I was certain any mention of politics would trigger a big argument.

Front 81

acquisition (n.)

Back 81

the act of taking possession of something - การแสวงหา, การสะสมสมบัติ; (of goods, wealth, land) (การสะสม) ;

Hint 81

Ex: Our recent acquisition of over 2,000 books makes ours the biggest library in the region.
Usage Tips: acquisition is often followed by of.

Front 82

anomaly (n.)

Back 82

something unusual - ความผิดปกติ, สิ่งที่ผิดปกติ; (exception) ข้อยกเว้น

Hint 82

Ex: White tigers get their beautiful coloring from a genetic anomaly.

Front 83

consciously (adv.)

Back 83

with awareness of one's actions - อย่างรู้ตัว, อย่างมีสติ

Hint 83

Ex: He may have hurt her feelings, but he never would have done so consciously.

Front 84

degrade (v.)

Back 84

to reduce in value or strength - ทำให้แตกสลายเป็นชิ้นเล็กชิ้นน้อย, สึกกร่อน

Hint 84

Ex: The roads in cold or wet areas of the United States degrade faster than those in warm, sunny regions.

Front 85

gap (n.)

Back 85

opening; a big difference in amount or quality - ช่องว่าง; (in sparking plug) ระยะระหว่างขั้วไฟ

Hint 85

Ex: The small gap between the walls in the old house caused cold drafts to come in.

Front 86

indisputable (adj.)

Back 86

beyond doubt; unquestionable - [อย่าง] โต้แย้งไม่ได้

Hint 86

Ex: The members of the jury found her guilty because they found the facts of the case indisputable.

Front 87

intervene (v.)

Back 87

to come between - เข้ามาแทรกแซง เข้ามาเป็นคนกลาง

Hint 87

Ex: A good mediator intervene + only as much as necessary to settle a dispute between other parties.

Front 88

intuitively (adv.)

Back 88

by means of a natural sense about things that are hard to observe - อย่างสังหรณ์ใจ

Hint 88

Ex: Many mothers know intuitively when something is wrong with their children.

Front 89

recede (v.)

Back 89

to move back or away from - (น้ำท่วม) ลดลง; (แนวชายฝั่ง) หายไป; (ศีรษะ) เถิก

Hint 89

Ex: After the age of 30, his hairline began to recede further back from his forehead.

Front 90

retrieve (v.)

Back 90

to bring or get back - แก้ไข (การผิดพลาด) ; กอบกู้ (สถานการณ์),

หา/ค้นข้อมูลได้

Hint 90

Ex: Most dogs can be trained to retrieve objects that their owners have thrown.

Front 91

agnostic (adj.)

Back 91

believing that humans cannot know whether there is a god - แบบอไญยนิยาม

Hint 91

Ex: His devoutly Christian parents had problems with his agnostic beliefs.

Front 92

animism (n.)

Back 92

the belief that natural objects, such as trees, have souls - คติถือผีสางเทวดา, วิญญาณนิยม

Hint 92

Ex: Desert cultures that practice animism often believe that winds contain spirits.

Front 93

atheist (n.)

Back 93

one who does not believe in the existence of a supreme being - คนถือลัทธิอเทวนิยม, ผู้ที่เชื่อว่าไม่มีพระเจ้า

Hint 93

Ex: He argued that his scientific training made it impossible for him to be anything but an atheist.

Front 94

be inclined to (v.)

Back 94

to favor an opinion or a course of action - เพื่อสนับสนุนความคิดเห็นหรือแนวทางปฏิบัติ

Hint 94

Ex: He couldn't say which candidate he favored, but he had always been inclined to + vote Republican.

Front 95

contemplate (v.)

Back 95

to consider thoughtfully - พิจารณา, ตรึกตรอง; (mentally) คิดใคร่ครวญ

Hint 95

Ex: If you contemplate each step for so long, we will never complete this project on time.

Front 96

deify (v.)

Back 96

to worship as a god - บูชาเป็นพระเจ้า (= apotheosize, exalt)

Hint 96

Ex: When people deify the leader of their country, the leader is able to abuse power more easily.

Front 97

ecclesiastical (adj.)

Back 97

relating to a church - เกี่ยวกับศาสนาคริสต์, เกี่ยวกับพระ (ในศาสนาคริสต์)

Hint 97

Ex: He was looking specifically for a university where he could study ecclesiastical history.

Front 98

exalt (v.)

Back 98

to praise or honor - ยกให้สูง

Hint 98

Ex: He would often exalt the virtues of his new wife.

Front 99

pious (adj.)

Back 99

having or exhibiting religious reverence - เคร่งครัดในศาสนา, มีศรัทธาแก่กล้า

Hint 99

Ex: Sometimes she was so pious that the rest of us felt like heathens.

Front 100

sacrifice (v.)

Back 100

anything offered to a deity as a religious thanksgiving; giving up something in order to have something more valuable later on - เสียสละ, บวงสรวง

Hint 100

Ex: Every harvest time, the Fadeloni people sacrifice + vegetables to their gods as a show of thanks.
Ex: In order to succeed in his career, he had to sacrifice his private life and his leisure time.

Front 101

aggravate (v.)

Back 101

to make worse; to anger or intensify -เพิ่มความรุนแรง (การโต้แย้ง) ; ทำให้เลวร้ายลงไป (สถานการณ์)

Hint 101

Ex: Running will aggravate your sore knees.

Front 102

decrepit (adj.)

Back 102

weakened or worn out because of age, illness, or excessive use -เสื่อมสภาพไปตามอายุ; (dilapidated) (บ้าน) ผุพัง; (เมือง) เสื่อมโทรม

Hint 102

Ex: The once-beautiful building was now dirty, decrepit, and roofless.

Front 103

disease (n.)

Back 103

an unhealthful condition caused by an infection or a long-term physical problem

Hint 103

Ex: Thanks to developments in medicine, many once-fatal disease + can now be cured.

Front 104

fatally (adv.)

Back 104

causing death or disaster -อย่างร้ายแรงถึงชีวิต; (เสน่ห์) ที่เป็นอันตราย; (disastrously) อย่างย่อยยับ; (เจ็บ) อย่างสาหัส

Hint 104

Ex: The soldier was fatally wounded in the battle.

Front 105

forensics (n.)

Back 105

the use of science and technology to investigate facts in criminal cases -นิติเวชศาสตร์

Hint 105

Ex: Advances in the study of forensics have made it much easier to identify criminals from very small traces of evidence.

Front 106

persist (v.)

Back 106

to continue to exist; to hold to a purpose, despite any obstacle -(continue firmly) ทำต่ออย่างมั่นคง, ยืนกราน, ทะเยอทะยาน

Hint 106

Ex: If your symptoms persist, you should go see a doctor.
Ex: Lola persist + in her efforts to become a lawyer.

Front 107

prognosis (n.)

Back 107

an educated guess of how something will develop, especially a disease -(forecast) การพยากรณ์โรค

Hint 107

Ex: The room fell silent when the doctor gave Senator Grebe a grim prognosis of months of treatment.

Front 108

terminal (adj.)

Back 108

located at an end; approaching death -ปลายสุด, ท้ายสุด; [Medicine] ที่ทำให้ถึงแก่ชีวิต, ใกล้จะเสียชีวิต

Hint 108

Ex: The cancer ward at the hospital held both terminal and recovering patients.

Front 109

vein (n.)

Back 109

any of the tubes that form a branching system, especially those that carry blood to the heart -เส้นเลือดที่นำโลหิตไปสู่หัวใจ; (in popular use: any blood vessel) หลอดเลือด, เส้นเลือด, สายเลือด

Hint 109

Ex: She became fascinated with human anatomy, especially when she learned how vein + transport oxygen.

Front 110

wound (v.)

Back 110

to inflict an injury on -ทำให้เป็นแผลบาดเจ็บ; [figurative] มีผลกระทบ, ทำลาย

Hint 110

Ex: Sometimes he didn't realize his sharp humor could wound as well as entertain.

Front 111

anesthesia (n.)

Back 111

techniques for reducing sensation and feeling, especially to control pain - การระงับความรู้สึก

Hint 111

Ex: The Civil War was the first American war when anesthesia was widely used in surgery on soldiers.
Usage Tips: anesthesia and anesthesia + are often used interchangeably.

Front 112

augment (v.)

Back 112

to make bigger or better by adding to -เพิ่ม (กำลัง, รายได้)

Hint 112

Ex: In some types of popular cosmetic surgery people augment parts of their bodies.
Ex: The college augment + its course offerings because students complained that there were too few choices.

Front 113

certifiably (adv.)

Back 113

in a manner that is officially recognized -สามารถพิสูจน์รับรองได้

Hint 113

Ex: He couldn't be institutionalized until he was declared certifiably insane.

Front 114

complication (n.)

Back 114

a factor that makes something more difficult or complex

Hint 114

Ex: The surgeons could not easily stop the bleeding because of complication + related to the patient's diabetes.

Front 115

cure (v.)

Back 115

to restore to health

Hint 115

Ex: They say laughter can help cure many illnesses.

Front 116

implant (v.)

Back 116

to set in firmly; to insert in the body surgically - ใส่ลงไป (ในร่างกาย)

Hint 116

Ex: The actress had cheek implant + to make her face look fuller.

Front 117

inject (v.)

Back 117

to insert a liquid by means of a syringe

Hint 117

Ex: The doctor used a needle to inject the medicine slowly into her arm.

Front 118

obese (adj.)

Back 118

Excessively overweight -อ้วนมาก, อ้วนฉุ

Hint 118

Ex: More Americans are obese now because U.S. culture encourages overeating and discourages exercise.

Front 119

procedure (n.)

Back 119

a specific way of performing or doing something

Hint 119

Ex: The flight attendant explained the emergency evacuation procedure.

Front 120

scar (n.)

Back 120

a mark on the skin left after a wound has healed; a lasting sign of damage, either mental or physical - แผลเป็น

Hint 120

Ex: The surgery was successful, but it left a large scar across her abdomen.

Front 121

astrological (adj.)

Back 121

related to the study of the position of stars, the sun, and the planets in the belief that they influence earthly events -เกี่ยวกับโหราศาสตร์

Hint 121

Ex: Every day, Mona read her astrological forecast in the newspaper, and she was careful if the horoscope predicted trouble.

Front 122

divination (n.)

Back 122

foretelling the future by finding patterns in physical objects -(foreseeing) การทำนายอนาคต, การพยากรณ์อย่างแม่นยำ

Hint 122

Ex: In Turkey, women offer divination + by reading the dregs from a coffee cup.

Front 123

haunt (v.)

Back 123

to continually appear (in the form of a ghost) in the same place or to the same person -(trouble) (ความหลัง, การคิด) รบกวน, กวนใจ

Hint 123

Ex: Some say the ghost of Princess Hilda haunt + this castle, appearing as a headless form while she plays the piano.
Ex: The pictures of children dying in war have haunt + me for a long time.

Front 124

horror (n.)

Back 124

strong fear mixed with disgust - ความเกลียดกลัว; (repugnance) ความเสียขวัญ, ความขยะแขยง

Hint 124

Ex: On Halloween night, all the horror movies were rented out.

Front 125

intermediary (n.)

Back 125

acting as an agent between people or things - คนกลาง, คนไกล่เกลี่ย

Hint 125

Ex: The plaintiff's lawyer suggested that they hire an intermediary to help them discuss their case.
Usage Tips: intermediary comes from the Latin words meaning "between the ways".

Front 126

invoke (v.)

Back 126

to call on for support -(call on) ขอร้อง; (appeal to) อุทธรณ์, วิงวอน, เรียกร้อง, นำมาซึ่ง

Hint 126

Ex: In many religions, believers invoke their god by holding out their hands.

Front 127

meditate (v.)

Back 127

to reflect; to think quietly and deeply for a long time -(consider) พิจารณา, ใคร่ครวญ; (design) คิดวางแผนในใจ

Hint 127

Ex: Every morning, the monks meditate + for three hours in complete silence.

Front 128

phantom (n.)

Back 128

a dimly visible form, usually thought to be the spirit of a dead person, a sunken ship, etc. -(spectre) ผี; (image) ภาพลวงตา

Hint 128

Ex: Many visitors reported seeing a phantom who appeared around the lake.

Front 129

psychic (adj.)

Back 129

relating to the supposed ability of the human mind to sense things that cannot be observed -เหนือธรรมชาติ, มหัศจรรย์;เกี่ยวกับเวทมนตร์หรือการเข้าฌาน, ลึกลับ, มีความหมายซ่อนเร้น

Hint 129

Ex: The governor's assistant claimed to have unique psychic abilities enabling him to read people's minds.

Front 130

self-perpetuating (adj.)

Back 130

having the power to renew oneself for an indefinite period of time -ที่ธำรงตนให้อยู่ต่อโดยไม่มีการผลักดันภายนอก

Hint 130

Ex: It is difficult to escape from a lie, as they are often self-perpetuating.

Front 131

assimilate (v.)

Back 131

to consume and incorporate; to become similar -(make like) ทำให้เหมือน, ทำให้กลมกลืน

Hint 131

Ex: Not all of the overseas students could assimilate into the rigidly controlled school.
Usage Tips: assimilate is often followed by into.

Front 132

cremation (n.)

Back 132

the act of burning the dead -การเผาศพ, ฌาปนกิจ

Hint 132

Ex: cremation is particularly common in Japan, where land for burial is very limited.

Front 133

domesticate (v.)

Back 133

to make something suitable for being in a home (usually a plant or animal) -(naturalize) ปรับให้เข้ากับสภาพแวดล้อม (พืช)

Hint 133

Ex: The Barnes family hoped to domesticate the tiger, but their neighbors were skeptical.
Usage Tips: The object of domesticate is usually a plant or animal.

Front 134

folklore (n.)

Back 134

traditional myths of a people (beliefs, customs, and stories of a community) transmitted orally -(traditional beliefs) คติชาวบ้าน, ตำนานพื้นเมือง

Hint 134

Ex: Through folklore, archaeologists have learned about the migration of Native Americans in North America.

Front 135

fossilize (v.)

Back 135

to become preserved in clay or stone or ash after death, so that a natural record is left of the original organism; to become rigid and stuck in old ways -ทำให้เป็นซากหิน; กลายเป็นซากหิน

Hint 135

Ex: The dinosaur eggs had fossilize + over thousands of years.

Front 136

relic (n.)

Back 136

something left from a long-ago culture, time period, or person -(surviving trace or memorial)สิ่ง/ของตกทอดที่เป็นอนุสรณ์; (remains, residue) ซากศพ, ซากวัตถุโบราณ

Hint 136

Ex: relic + of the war can still be found in the sand dunes along this shore.

Front 137

rite (n.)

Back 137

a ceremony meant to achieve a certain purpose -พิธีการทางศาสนา

Hint 137

Ex: Many cultures have fertility rite + that supposedly make it more likely for women to bear children.

Front 138

ritually (adv.)

Back 138

as part of a traditional ceremony or habit - อย่างเป็นพิธีการ

Hint 138

Ex: The children ritually kissed their parents on the cheek before bed.

Front 139

saga (n.)

Back 139

a long story about important events long ago; a long story of heroic achievement - เรื่องราวยืดยาว

Hint 139

Ex: Many American families tell saga + about their ancestors' arrival in the United States.

Front 140

vestige (n.)

Back 140

a visible trace that something once existed - vestige - ร่องรอย, ชิ้นส่วนเล็กน้อย

Hint 140

Ex: The wilted flowers were the only vestige of their romantic weekend.

Front 141

amend (v.)

Back 141

to change for the better -(correct) แก้ไข; (improve) ปรับปรุง (กฎหมาย, สถานการณ์, สัญญา)

Hint 141

Ex: The residents voted to amend their neighborhood policy on fences.

Front 142

biased (adj.)

Back 142

leaning unfairly in one direction -ที่ซึ่งลำเอียง (= prejudiced) (↔ unbiased, unprejudiced)

Hint 142

Ex: Her newspaper article was criticized for being heavily biased toward the mayor's proposal.

Front 143

burden (n.)

Back 143

something that is carried; a source of stress or worry -(load) น้ำหนักบรรทุก; [figurative] ภาระ

Hint 143

Ex: The donkey walked slowly under the burden of its heavy load.
Ex: The failing company faced the burden of bad debts and a poor reputation.

Front 144

counter (v.)

Back 144

to act in opposition to; to offer in response - โต้, ย้อน, กล่าวโต้

Hint 144

Ex: The hockey player counter + the punch with a smashing blow from his hockey stick.
Ex: Jane counter + every accusation with a specific example of her achievements.

Front 145

de facto (adj.)

Back 145

truly doing a job, even if not officially - มีอยู่จริง (จะโดยชอบธรรมหรือไม่ก็ตาม) ; โดยพฤตินัย

Hint 145

Ex: Popular support established the Citizens Party as the de factogovernment.

Front 146

discriminate (v.)

Back 146

to choose carefully among options; make an unjust or prejudicial distinction in the treatment of different categories of people or things, esp. on the grounds of race, sex, or age -(distinguish, use discernment) จำแนก, เห็นความแตกต่าง, แยก

Hint 146

Ex: The governor wisely discriminate + between urgent issues and those that could wait.

Front 147

notion (n.)

Back 147

A belief; a fanciful impulse, a conception of or belief about something; an impulse or desire, esp. one of a whimsical kind

Hint 147

Ex: The notion that older office equipment is unreliable is inaccurate.
Ex: One morning, she suddenly took the notion to paint her kitchen red.
Usage Tips: notion can be followed by a that clause or a to phrase.

Front 148

oppress (v.)

Back 148

to keep down by force; to weigh heavily on, by the unjust exercise of authority -ปกครองอย่างโหดร้าย, กดขี่; (weigh down) (ความรู้สึก) ทำให้หดหู่ใจ; ทำให้หนักใจ; (ความร้อนอบอ้าว) ทรมานร่างกาย

Hint 148

Ex: Factory management oppress + workers through intimidation.

Front 149

paradigm (n.)

Back 149

a pattern or model; a set of assumptions

Hint 149

Ex: The usual paradigm for economic growth in developed countries does not apply to some poor nations.
Usage Tips: paradigm is often followed by for.

Front 150

prejudiced (adj.)

Back 150

causing to judge prematurely and unfairly -มีอคติ (about, against เกี่ยวกับ)

Hint 150

Ex: Many consumers are prejudiced + against commercial goods made in third-world countries.

Front 151

curriculum (n.)

Back 151

the courses of study offered by an educational institution

Hint 151

Ex: The teachers met to design a new curriculum for the Intensive English Program.

Front 152

distinctly (adv.)

Back 152

in a way that is readily distinguishable by the senses; clearly - อย่างชัด, อย่างชัดเจน

Hint 152

Ex: I distinctly remember saying that we would meet at noon.

Front 153

erudite (adj.)

Back 153

highly educated; having or showing great knowledge or learning -มีความรู้สูง, คงแก่เรียน, แสดงว่ามีภูมิรู้สูง

Hint 153

Ex: Even though Stella was only a freshman, she was considered erudite by both her classmates and her professors.

Front 154

fortify (v.)

Back 154

to strengthen; protect against attack -สร้างสิ่งป้องกัน, เสริมกำลัง

Hint 154

Ex: The high-priced drink had extra vitamins and minerals to fortify the body.

Front 155

implicitly (adv.)

Back 155

without being stated; unquestioningly; in a way that is not directly expressed -อย่างเป็นนัย

Hint 155

Ex: By joining the competition, she agreed implicitly to the rules.

Front 156

parochial (adj.)

Back 156

restricted in outlook; relating to the local parish; small-minded, provincial, narrow, small-town - (ความคิด) แคบ

Hint 156

Ex: Marla moved from her rural community to get away from its parochial thinking.
Ex: Sending your children to a parochial school can cost as much as sending them to college.

Front 157

rigor (n.)

Back 157

strictness; difficult situations that come from following rules strictly - ความเข้มงวด, ความร้ายแรง

Hint 157

Ex: The wrestler followed his diet with rigor.
Ex: The rigor + of military life toughened the young men quickly.

Front 158

roster (n.)

Back 158

a list, especially of names -บัญชีรายชื่อ

Hint 158

Ex: Two of the names on the roster were misspelled.

Front 159

secular (adj.)

Back 159

worldly rather than spiritual; not related to religion -ไม่เกี่ยวกับทางธรรม, ไม่ขึ้นต่อกฎเกณฑ์ทางศาสนา, เป็นเรื่องทางโลก, โลกวิสัย

Hint 159

Ex: Few private schools in the United States are secular.

Front 160

suspend (v.)

Back 160

to cause to stop for a period; to hang as to allow free movement

Hint 160

Ex: The trial was suspend + when the judge learned that one of the jury members knew the defense lawyer.
Ex: The circus acrobat was suspend + in midair.

Front 161

allegiance (n.)

Back 161

loyalty, commitment -ความจงรักภักดี (to ต่อ)

Hint 161

Ex: My allegiance to my country is based on respect for its principles.
Usage Tips: allegiance is commonly followed by a to phrase.

Front 162

artillery (n.)

Back 162

large guns that shoot powerful shells; army units that handle such guns -ปืนใหญ่, กองพันทหารปืนใหญ่

Hint 162

Ex: An artillery barrage broke down the city's thick walls within seconds.
Ex: The 47th artillery fired on rebels camped in the city center.
Usage Tips: When it means a part of an army, artillery is sometimes plural.

Front 163

battle (v.)

Back 163

to fight against

Hint 163

Ex: The Viet Minh battle + French forces at Dien Bien Phu for nearly two months in 1954.

Front 164

cease (v.)

Back 164

stop

Hint 164

Ex: The lightning continued even after the thunder had cease +.
Usage Tips: cease is found in official statements, not usually in everyday speech.

Front 165

hierarchy (n.)

Back 165

a system of levels that places people high or low according to their importance

Hint 165

Ex: Starting as a lowly private, Burt Jones gradually rose through the hierarchy of the army.
Usage Tips: hierarchy is often followed by an of phrase.

Front 166

in the trenches (adv'l.)

Back 166

in the middle of the hardest fighting or work

Hint 166

Ex: With their unrealistic view of this war, our generals don't know what things are like out in the trenches.
Usage Tips: in the trenches creates an image of soldiers fighting in a long, dug-out place in the battlefield.

Front 167

mobilize (v.)

Back 167

to put members of a group into motion -(render movable or effective) ทำให้เคลื่อนที่ได้; เกณฑ์, ระดมพล

Hint 167

Ex: After a terrible storm, the governor mobilize + the National Guard to rescue victims.

Front 168

rank (v.)

Back 168

to put into a many-leveled order, depending on importance or achievement - (arrange) จัดเข้าแถว, จัดอันดับ; มีตำแหน่ง, ยศเหนือกว่า

Hint 168

Ex: The Marines rank + Jim Hurst highest among all their officer candidates.

Front 169

ratio (n.)

Back 169

the relationship of one number or amount to another

Hint 169

Ex: Military analysts say that the ratio of attackers to defenders in a battle should be about three to one for the attackers to win.
Usage Tips: ratio is very often followed by an of ... to structure.

Front 170

strategic (adj.)

Back 170

related to long-term plans for achieving a goal -เกี่ยวกับยุทธศาสตร์

Hint 170

Ex: United States has formed strategic friendships with Tajikistan and Mongolia to have Central Asian bases in the future.
Usage Tips: strategic is often used with nouns for plans.

Front 171

annex (v.)

Back 171

to make something (usually land) part of another unit -(add) เพิ่ม, ต่อเติม (อาคาร) ; (append) แนบท้าย, ผนวก

Hint 171

Ex: Bardstown grew by annex + several farms at the north edge of town.

Front 172

apex (n.)

Back 172

the highest point -ปลาย, ยอด; (of heart, lung, etc.) ยอดบนของหัวใจ, ปอด; [figurative] จุดสูงสุด

Hint 172

Ex: Gregory knew that his running skills had to be at their apex during the tournament.
Usage Tips: apex is often used to describe the high point of someone's abilities.

Front 173

collapse (v.)

Back 173

to fall down, usually because of weakness

Hint 173

Ex: The roof collapse + on top of me.

Front 174

conquest (n.)

Back 174

a takeover by force or continued effort -การพิชิต

Hint 174

Ex: The first recorded conquest of Mt. Everest was by Tensing Norgay and Sir Edmund Hilary.
Usage Tips: conquest is usually followed by an of phrase.

Front 175

devise (v.)

Back 175

to find an original way to make an object or a plan -(plan) วางแผนอย่างรัดกุม; ออกแบบ (ชุด)

Hint 175

Ex: The soldiers devise a way to cross the river into enemy territory without being seen.

Front 176

invasive (adj.)

Back 176

aggressively entering into someone else's territory -ที่เป็นการรุกราน (= offensive)

Hint 176

Ex: Surgery with a laser is less invasive than surgery with a knife or scalpel.

Front 177

prevailing (adj.)

Back 177

strongest or most common -(common) ธรรมดาสามัญ

Hint 177

Ex: Theprevailing attitude among our neighbors is to be friendly but not too friendly.

Front 178

resist (v.)

Back 178

to refuse to give in to a strong force or desire -(withstand action of) ต่อต้าน, ต้านทาน

Hint 178

Ex: Although many native nations resist +, the U.S. government eventually took over almost all Indian land.

Front 179

severely (adv.)

Back 179

harshly; extremely -อย่างรุนแรง, อย่างเคร่งครัด, อย่างโหดเหี้ยม

Hint 179

Ex: Commanders severely punished any soldier who criticized the battle plan.

Front 180

violation (n.)

Back 180

an action that breaks a law or agreement; mistreatment of something that deserves respect -การฝ่าฝืน, การละเมิด

Hint 180

Ex: The army's testing of new weapons was a violation of the cease-fire agreement.
Ex: The sculptures at Mt. Rushmore may be a violation of sacred Indian land.
Usage Tips: violation is often followed by an of phrase.

Front 181

chronologically (adv.)

Back 181

in order according to time - ตามลำดับ

Hint 181

Ex: Allen's book is arranged chronologically, from the First Crusade in 1095 to the fall of Granada in 1492.
Usage Tips: chronologically is often used with arranged, organized, listed, or some other word for order.

Front 182

coincide (v.)

Back 182

happen or exist at the same time -(in space) เกิดขึ้นที่เดียวกัน;(in time) เกิดขึ้นในเวลาเดียวกัน

Hint 182

Ex: The Viking attacks on western Europe coincide + with an abnormally warm period in the Earth's climate.
Usage Tips: coincide is often followed by a with phrase.

Front 183

consequence (n.)

Back 183

a result, often one much later in time than the cause

Hint 183

Ex: One consequence of global warming may be the flooding of low lying islands.
Usage Tips: consequence usually implies something negative or serious about the result.

Front 184

core (n.)

Back 184

an area or object at the center

Hint 184

Ex: The core of India's film industry is in Bombay, where all but a few film studios are located.
Usage Tips: core is often followed by another noun (e.g., core principle) or by an of phrase.

Front 185

deny (v.)

Back 185

say that something is not true

Hint 185

Ex: Movie star Allen Butcher deny + that he and the Princess of Denmark were getting married.
Usage Tips: deny is often followed by the -ing form of a verb or by a that clause.

Front 186

diminish (v.)

Back 186

make something smaller or weaker; become smaller or weaker -เล็กลง; (จำนวน) ลดน้อยลง; (อิทธิพล, อำนาจ) อ่อนลง; (ค่า, ความหมาย) ลดลง

Hint 186

Ex: The Protestant Reformation diminish + the power of the Roman Catholic Pope.
Ex: Mr. Partridge's influence in the company diminish + after he relocated to a branch office.

Front 187

longitude (n.)

Back 187

a system of imaginary lines running from north to south along the Earth's surface, where each line is numbered from 0° to 180° west or east -[Geography] เส้นลองติจูด (ท.ศ.), เส้นแวง

Hint 187

Ex: The prime meridian, a line running through Greenwich, England, is marked as 0° longitude.

Front 188

milieu (n.)

Back 188

general environment or surroundings -สิ่งแวดล้อม, สังคมรอบข้าง

Hint 188

Ex: Many Vietnam veterans did not feel comfortable in the antiwar social milieu of the 1970s.

Front 189

Orwellian (adj.)

Back 189

frightening and overcontrolled by a government that interferes in nearly every aspect of personal life -น่ากลัวและควบคุมโดยรัฐบาลที่แทรกแซงในเกือบทุกแง่มุมของชีวิตส่วนตัว

Hint 189

Ex: Biometric devices like eye-scanners allow an Orwellian level of government knowledge about everyone's location.

Front 190

reconciliation (n.)

Back 190

coming back together peacefully after having been enemies -restoring to friendship) การคืนดีกัน;(making compatible) การปรองดองกัน

Hint 190

Ex: South Africa avoided a bloodbath after apartheid by setting up a Truth and reconciliation Commission.

Front 191

allocate (v.)

Back 191

to give out different amounts for different purposes

Hint 191

Ex: The budget allocate + billion to the military and only about billion to education.
Usage Tips: Things that can be allocate + are things that can be "spent"; money, time, energy, etc.

Front 192

commodity (n.)

Back 192

a thing that can be bought and sold, such as grain, oil, or wood - งของที่เป็นประโยชน์, โภคภัณฑ์; (not luxury) ของใช้, สิ่งที่ไม่หรูหรา

Hint 192

Ex: Tulip bulbs were one of the most valuable commodity + in seventeenth-century Holland.
Usage Tips: A thing is called a commodity only in the context of buying or selling it.

Front 193

decline (v.)

Back 193

to decrease in power or amount; politely refuse - (fall off) ลดลง, ตกลง; (ศีลธรรม, ราคา, จำนวน) ถดถอยลง; (สุขภาพ) ทรุดโทรมลง; (ความมั่นคง, วัฒนธรรม) เสื่อมโทรม

Hint 193

Ex: America's railroads decline + because the automobile dominated American life.

Front 194

equity (n.)

Back 194

the value of one's share in an investment - มูลค่าของหุ้น, หุ้นทุน

Hint 194

Ex: Barnard's equity in the business was one-third, or about
Usage Tips: In this meaning, equity is always singular and usually followed by an in phrase.

Front 195

inflation (n.)

Back 195

a situation in which prices for many items rise quite fast - สภาพเงินเฟ้อ

Hint 195

Ex: During the rapid inflation of the 1970s, prices for food and fuel sometimes rose 20 percent in a single month.

Front 196

net (adj.)

Back 196

after all costs have been subtracted from an amount - (free from deduction) ราคาสุทธิ, ราคาขาดตัว

Hint 196

Ex: My gross salary is around but my net pay is closer to

Front 197

per capita (adv.)

Back 197

for each person - ต่อหัว

Hint 197

Ex: Research shows we're likely to sell 15 light bulbs per capita per year in medium-sized cities.

Front 198

regulate (v.)

Back 198

control according to a set of rules - (control) ควบคุม; (subject to restriction) ทำให้เป็นระเบียบ

Hint 198

Ex: Trading on the NewYork Stock Exchange is regulate + by officials of the exchange and by federal law.

Front 199

subsidy (n.)

Back 199

money given by a government or other organization to support an activity - เงินช่วยเหลือ

Hint 199

Ex: Federal subsidy + to grain farmers have helped them stay in business despite three years of bad weather.

Front 200

tangible (adj.)

Back 200

obviously real because it can be seen, touched, or otherwise observed - (perceptible by touch) สัมผัสได้, จับต้องได้; (real, definite) มีตัวตน, แท้จริง, มีรูปร่าง, แน่นอน

Hint 200

Ex: One tangible benefit of putting electrical cables underground is a clearer view of the sky.

Front 201

accumulate (v.)

Back 201

to build up a large amount of something

Hint 201

Ex: Over several generations, the Hardington family accumulate + vast wealth by buying and selling land.

Front 202

affluence (n.)

Back 202

wealth and the style of life that goes with it - (wealth) ความมั่งคั่ง

Hint 202

Ex: Mohadzir grew up amid affluence, which poorly prepared him for his grad student days in crowded apartments with no servants.

Front 203

elite (adj.)

Back 203

belonging to a special, honored group; a group of people considered (by others or themselves) to be the best in a particular society or category, esp. because of their power, talent, or wealth - ซึ่งจำกัดไว้ให้เฉพาะคนรวยหรือคนที่มีอภิสิทธิ์

Hint 203

Ex: Messner is an elite climber who recently ascended an 8,000-meter mountain without extra oxygen.

Front 204

impoverish (v.)

Back 204

to make a person or group poor - ทำให้ยากจน

Hint 204

Ex: The collapse of the steel industry impoverish + several counties in eastern Ohio.

Front 205

luxury (n.)

Back 205

Extreme comfort, beyond what anyone needs

Hint 205

Ex: Automakers try to give their cars an image of luxury by including extras like heated seats and satellite tracking systems.

Front 206

nobility (n.)

Back 206

a group of socially prominent people with special titles given by a king or queen, such as "duke" or "countess" - ชนชั้นผู้ดี, สังคมชั้นสูง

Hint 206

Ex: In the Middle Ages, the nobility supposedly followed a code that required them to take care of poorer people who lived near their estates.
Usage Tips: nobility is used as a name for a group of distinguished people; it can also mean "a highly dignified form of behavior".

Front 207

prestige (n.)

Back 207

honor and respect for being better than the average - ชื่อเสียง, อิทธิพล, ความเคารพ

Hint 207

Ex: The Grassleys enjoyed the prestige of living in the historic town, but they did not feel at home there.

Front 208

privileged (adj.)

Back 208

able to enjoy special advantages because of one's position (usually because of being born into a wealthy or powerful family); having special rights, advantages, or immunities - เป็นเกียรติ, มีอภิสิทธิ์

Hint 208

Ex: Despite his privileged + position in one of America's most powerful families, the politician tried to portray himself as an ordinary person.

Front 209

prosper (v.)

Back 209

to do very well in one's business or personal life - เจริญ, (ศิลปะ) รุ่งเรือง; (บริษัท) ประสบความสำเร็จ

Hint 209

Ex: Vargas prosper + after finally patenting his new inventions.
Usage Tips: A person can prosper; so can a group, a company, or an area.

Front 210

working class (n.)

Back 210

people with low-paying (often unskilled) jobs who are not poor but who are not securely in the middle class -ชนชั้นกรรมาชีพ

Hint 210

Ex: The Farrelly family, like other members of the working class, were proud of their jobs and did not want any handouts from charity or the government.

Front 211

acquire (v.)

Back 211

to get something, usually something with special value or meaning -ได้มา (ที่ดิน, ทรัพย์สิน) ; ได้ (ประสบการณ์)

Hint 211

Ex: Bart hoped to acquire the 1898 D Indian Head penny, which would make his collection complete.
Usage Tips: Unlike get, acquire implies that a possession has special value or meaning.

Front 212

assess (v.)

Back 212

to estimate the value of something

Hint 212

Ex: The Barnes building was assess + at million, but it can probably sell for much more than that.

Front 213

asset (n.)

Back 213

a possession that has positive value -สินทรัพย์, (useful quality) คุณสมบัติ

Hint 213

Ex: The school is a asset to the community.
Usage Tips: Some examples of asset + are real estate, cash, and stock shares.

Front 214

hazardous (adj.)

Back 214

dangerous

Hint 214

Ex: Parents have to be careful not to buy children's clothes and toys made of hazardous materials.

Front 215

jointly (adv.)

Back 215

together with one or more other parties - อย่างมีส่วนร่วม

Hint 215

Ex: In most states, a husband and wife are assumed to own all their possessions jointly.

Front 216

lease (v.)

Back 216

to rent something for a long time (several months or years) - (of land, business premises) สัญญาเช่า; (of house, flat, office) สัญญาเช่า

Hint 216

Ex: Some drivers prefer to lease a car rather than buy one.

Front 217

liability (n.)

Back 217

Legal responsibility for harming a person or property; a person or thing whose presence or behavior is likely to cause embarrassment or put one at a disadvantage - (legal obligation) พันธุกรรม, สิ่งที่บังคับทางกฎหมาย, ความรับผิด

Hint 217

Ex: Before you go river rafting, you sign a document releasing the trip leaders from liability in case of injury.
Ex: Henderson is just a liability to our work team, because he never finishes anything on time.
Usage Tips: In its second meaning, liability is often followed by a to phrase.

Front 218

proprietor (n.)

Back 218

owner, usually of a business or a building - เจ้าของ (ทรัพย์สิน, กิจการ)

Hint 218

Ex: The proprietor of Hekman's Windows is Nels Hekman, grandson of the people who established the factory.
Usage Tips: Very often, proprietor is followed by an of phrase.

Front 219

safeguard (v.)

Back 219

to protect ; protect from harm or damage with an appropriate measure: -คุ้มกัน

Hint 219

Ex: A burglar-alarm system safeguard + our house when we go away on vacation.
Usage Tips: safeguard implies continuous protection over a long time.

Front 220

sole (adj.)

Back 220

only

Hint 220

Ex: Many people have wanted to invest in Harry's publishing business, but he remains the sole owner.
Usage Tips: sole almost always appears before the noun it modifies. It does not come after a linking verb like be.

Front 221

compensate (v.)

Back 221

to give an employee money or other things in exchange for the work he or she does - ชดเชยสำหรับ บางสิ่ง

Hint 221

Ex: My pay doesn't properly compensate me for my efforts, but my other benefits, like health insurance, fill in the gap.
Usage Tips: compensate is often followed by a for phrase.

Front 222

dynamic (adj.)

Back 222

full of energy, activity, or progress - [อย่าง] เต็มเปี่ยมด้วยพละกำลัง, มีพลัง

Hint 222

Ex: This job requires a dynamic person, someone who will look for opportunities instead of just waiting around for them.

Front 223

enterprising (adj.)

Back 223

creative in thinking of ways to make money

Hint 223

Ex: Immigrants are often among the most enterprising members of society, partly because anyone brave enough to make an overseas move is likely to be a risk-taker.
Usage Tips: There is no verb "to enterprising +".

Front 224

exploit (v.)

Back 224

to take advantage of; to treat inconsiderately in order to profit; make full use of and derive benefit from (a resource) -ใช้ประโยชน์, ตักตวงประโยชน์ (จากสถานการณ์); (utilize) นำมาใช้ (ทรัพยากรธรรมชาติ, แหล่งน้ำมัน)

Hint 224

Ex: The company tried to exploit the low interest rates to expand operations.
Usage Tips: The foreign mining company exploit + our copper resources and then simply left.

Front 225

incentive (n.)

Back 225

a possible benefit that motivates a person to do a certain thing -(motivation) แรงกระตุ้น, เครื่องกระตุ้น, สิ่งดลใจ

Hint 225

Ex: This city's willingness to support its public schools gave us an incentive to move here with our two young children.
Usage Tips: incentive is usually followed by a to phrase.

Front 226

industrious (adj.)

Back 226

willing to work hard -ขยัน; (busy) ยุ่ง, ทำโน่นทำนี่

Hint 226

Ex: The Dutch settlements in Ottawa County were founded by industrious farmers who objected to frivolous behavior such as dancing.
Usage Tips: Only people can be industrious; companies cannot.

Front 227

marginal (adj.)

Back 227

not very significant or effective - ร่อแร่, แทบจะไม่พอเพียง

Hint 227

Ex: Our new advertising campaign had only marginal success, raising sales by a mere 3 percent.

Front 228

merit (n.)

Back 228

value; success based on one's work, not on luck -(worth) คุณความดี

Hint 228

Ex: Pay raises at our company are based on merit, as determined by a committee of managers.
Usage Tips: merit is uncountable.

Front 229

promote (v.)

Back 229

to move someone to a higher position in a company -(advance) เลื่อนขั้น/ชั้น

Hint 229

Ex: Because of his excellent handling of the Vredeman account, Jim Harris was promote + to vice president.
Usage Tips: promote is very often followed by a to phrase indicating the position one has been moved up to.

Front 230

resign (v.)

Back 230

to quit one's job -(hand over) ลาออก (จากตำแหน่ง) ; สละ (สิทธิ)

Hint 230

Ex: Because of controversy over his leadership style, Morton resign+ from his job as president.

Front 231

distill (v.)

Back 231

to remove one liquid from a mixture of liquids by boiling; to get something valuable from a confusing mix of ideas -กลั่น (น้ำ, เหล้า)

Hint 231

Ex: The forest peoples of Southeast Asia distill an alcoholic drink called arak from a paste of palm berries.
Ex: Most students are confused by her lectures, but Joe can always distill her main idea.

Front 232

entrepreneurial (adj.)

Back 232

able to create business opportunities from a wide variety of circumstances

Hint 232

Ex: Many engineers of the 1970s made great computers, but only a few were entrepreneurial enough to see the business possibilities in the new machines.

Front 233

extract (v.)

Back 233

to take out -เอาออกมา, ถอน (ฟัน) ; ดึง (หนาม) ออกมา

Hint 233

Ex: International mining companies came to the Malay Peninsula to extract the region's massive tin deposits.

Front 234

haggle (v.)

Back 234

To argue back and forth about a price -ต่อปากต่อคำ (over, about เกี่ยวกับ); (over price) ต่อรองราคา

Hint 234

Ex: The customer and the shopkeeper haggle+ over the silver plate for more than an hour.
Usage Tips: haggle is often followed by a phrase with over or about.

Front 235

intrepid (adj.)

Back 235

fearless -[อย่าง] กล้าหาญ, [อย่าง] ทรหด

Hint 235

Ex: For nearly 200 years, only the most intrepid colonists would cross the Appalachian Mountains.

Front 236

merchant (n.)

Back 236

a person who makes a living by selling things -(trader) พ่อค้า

Hint 236

Ex: The spice merchant+ of the eastern markets charged top prices to the Dutch and British sailors, who had come too far to sail away without buying.
Usage Tips: The word merchant might be preceded by another noun telling what the merchant sells (e.g., spice merchant or wine merchant).

Front 237

proportionately (adv.)

Back 237

in an amount appropriate to each of several recipients -อย่างสอดคล้อง (= correspondingly)

Hint 237

Ex: The food aid was distributed proportionately per family, with larger families receiving more.

Front 238

prototype (n.)

Back 238

the first one made of a machine or system -ต้นแบบ, แม่แบบ

Hint 238

Ex: The airplane manufacturer uses robots to test every prototype, just in case there is a problem with the design.

Front 239

reward (n.)

Back 239

something one gets for having done well -สิ่งตอบแทน, รางวัล; (for kindness) รางวัลตอบแทน; (recog-nition of merit etc.) สิ่งแสดงคุณงามความดี

Hint 239

Ex: The greatest reward of being a parent is to see your child make a wise decision.
Usage Tips: reward might be followed by an of or for phrase naming what one has done well.

Front 240

shuttle (v.)

Back 240

to move back and forth often between two places -(in loom, sewing machine) กระสวย

Hint 240

Ex: The small jet shuttle+ between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore nearly every two hours.

Front 241

advocate (v.)

Back 241

to speak out in favor of something; publicly recommend or support -(of a cause) ผู้สนับสนุน, ผู้ส่งเสริม; (for a person) ผู้แก้ต่าง; [Law] (professional pleader) ทนายความ

Hint 241

Ex: Some environmentalists advocate removing large dams from the Columbia River.
Usage Tips: advocate is usually followed by a term for a process or action, very often the -ing form of a verb

Front 242

authority (n.)

Back 242

the power to make decisions, to tell others what to do.

Hint 242

Ex: The governor has the authority to call the legislature together for emergency sessions.
Usage Tips: A to phrase often follows authority.

Front 243

bitterly (adv.)

Back 243

strongly and with a lot of bad feelings -อย่างเจ็บปวด, อย่างขมขื่น, อย่างร้ายแรง

Hint 243

Ex: Senator Thomas bitterly opposed the movement to design a new state flag.

Front 244

candidate (n.)

Back 244

someone who wants to be chosen, especially in an election, for a position

Hint 244

Ex: In most U.S. elections, there are only two major-party candidates for president.
Usage Tips: candidate is often followed by a for phrase.

Front 245

coalition (n.)

Back 245

a group of several different groups or countries that are working together to achieve a certain goal.- การรวมกลุ่มพรรคการเมือง, การรวมตัว

Hint 245

Ex: Several local churches, mosques, synagogues, and temples formed a coalition to promote understanding among people of different religions.

Front 246

contest (v.)

Back 246

to challenge; oppose (an action, decision, or theory) as mistaken or wrong -(competition) การแข่งขัน, การชิงชัย

Hint 246

Ex: Dave Roper, who narrowly lost the mayor's race, contest + the results, demanding a recount of the votes.
Usage Tips: The noun contest can mean a game, especially one played for a prize.

Front 247

election (n.)

Back 247

a process in which people choose officials

Hint 247

Ex: Because of problems with vote-counting four years ago, international observers monitored this year's election to make sure it was fair.

Front 248

inaugurate (v.)

Back 248

to bring into public office; to start formally -(admit to office) เข้ารับตำแหน่งเป็นทางการ;(officially open) เปิดเป็นทางการ;

Hint 248

Ex: The U.S. president is elected in November but is not inaugurate + until the following January.
Ex: An effort to bring electric service to farms and small towns was inaugurate + with the Rural Electrification Act of 1936.
Usage Tips: When it means "bring into public office," inaugurate is usually in the passive voice.

Front 249

policy (n.)

Back 249

an approved way for approaching a certain kind of situation

Hint 249

Ex: The policy said that government money could not be given to any private hospital.

Front 250

poll (v.)

Back 250

to find out a small group's opinion so that you can guess what a much larger group thinks - (voting) การลงคะแนนเสียง; (to elect sb.) การลงคะแนนเสียงเลือกบุคคล; (result of vote) ผลของการลงคะแนนเสียง; (number of votes) จำนวนคะแนนเสียง

Hint 250

Ex: The newspaper poll + 500 registered voters and found that only 27 percent were in favor of expanding the city zoo.

Front 251

accuse (v.)

Back 251

to say that someone did something wrong (e.g., committed a crime) -(charge) กล่าวหา; (law (indict)) กล่าวโทษ

Hint 251

Ex: Jordan was accuse + of using a stolen credit card to buy about worth of electronic equipment.
Usage Tips: accuse is often used in the passive voice.

Front 252

allegedly (adv.)

Back 252

according to what people say, although there is no proof -ถูกกล่าวหา (= assertedly)

Hint 252

Ex: The chief financial officer of the company allegedly took company money for his personal use.

Front 253

civil (adj.)

Back 253

involving a dispute between two citizens, not a criminal charge -ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับข้อพิพาทระหว่างประชาชนสองคนไม่ใช่ความผิดทางอาญา; [Law] เกี่ยวกับกฎหมายแพ่ง

Hint 253

Ex: in a civil suit against his neighbor, Barney claimed that the neighbor's dog had bitten him.
Usage Tips: In a court context, civil almost always appears in one of the following phrases: civil suit, civil action, civil court, civil proceedings, and civil penalties.

Front 254

convict (v.)

Back 254

to decide that someone is guilty of a crime; declare (someone) to be guilty of a criminal offense -(declare guilty) ตัดสินว่ากระทำผิด

Hint 254

Ex: Dean was convict + of assault after the jury saw a video of him striking another man.
Usage Tips: convict is often used in the passive voice.

Front 255

guilty (adj.)

Back 255

responsible for doing something bad - มีความผิด; (prompted by guilt) (สีหน้า, นัยน์ตา) ส่อพิรุธ, ลนลาน

Hint 255

Ex: The jury found that the director was guilty of embezzlement.
Usage Tips: guilty is often followed by an of phrase that names a crime or bad deed.

Front 256

offense (n.)

Back 256

a specific act that breaks the law - การกระทำผิดทางกฏหมาย

Hint 256

Ex: Convicted twice of reckless driving, Victor will lose his license if he commits another serious traffic offense.

Front 257

peer (n.)

Back 257

a person who is one's social equal; a person of the same age, status, or ability as another specified person - คนที่เท่าเทียมกัน

Hint 257

Ex: In requiring judgment by "a jury of one's peer +," U.S. law meant to protect lower-class defendants from the possibly biased judgment of upper-class juries.

Front 258

suspect (n.)

Back 258

someone who, in the opinion of the police, might have committed a certain crime -(imagine to be likely) สงสัย, ระแวง

Hint 258

Ex: The police were investigating the activities of five suspect + in the liquor-store robbery.

Front 259

verdict (n.)

Back 259

a judgment in a court case - คำตัดสิน [ของคณะลูกขุน]; (judgement) คำตัดสิน; (decision) การตัดสินใจ, การลงความเห็น

Hint 259

Ex: It took the jury only 30 minutes to reach a verdict of "guilty."
Usage Tips: verdict is often the object of the verbs reach or arrive at.

Front 260

witness (v.)

Back 260

to see something, especially a crime, happen -(attest genuineness of) เป็นพยานยืนยัน (ลายเซ็น, เอกสาร, ความถูกต้อง)

Hint 260

Ex: After witness + the car theft, Rodney called the police.

Front 261

apprehend (v.)

Back 261

to capture; understand or perceive - (perceive) ตระหนักถึง, เข้าใจ (ความจริง) ; (understand) เข้าใจ (ความหมาย) ; ได้ยิน (เสียง, คำพูด)

Hint 261

Ex: The police apprehend + the robbery suspect as he tried to get on a bus to Chicago.

Front 262

ascertain (v.)

Back 262

to make sure of - สืบหาข้อเท็จจริง, สืบให้รู้แน่ (ข้อเท็จจริง, ข้อมูล)

Hint 262

Ex: The police failed to ascertain that the man they arrested was the Gregory Brown they were really looking for.
Usage Tips: ascertain is often followed by a that clause.

Front 263

bureaucratic (adj.)

Back 263

related to a large organization with a lot of complicated procedures

Hint 263

Ex: Before I could speak with the chief, I had to go through a bureaucratic run around of identity checks and written requests.
Usage Tips: bureaucratic implies that something is inefficient and unnecessarily complicated.

Front 264

condemn (v.)

Back 264

to speak out against something in very strong terms; express complete disapproval of -(censure) ประณาม, วิพากษ์วิจารณ์ในทางไม่ดี

Hint 264

Ex: Religious radicals condemn + the government for allowing alcohol to be sold in restaurants.

Front 265

evidence (n.)

Back 265

something that makes the truth of a statement seem more likely

Hint 265

Ex: The most convincing evidence that Garner robbed the store was a videotape from surveillance cameras.

Front 266

implicate (v.)

Back 266

to suggest that someone was involved in a crime or other wrong behavior; convey (a meaning or intention) indirectly through what one says -(show to be involved) พัวพัน, เกี่ยวข้อง

Hint 266

Ex: No group claimed responsibility for the bombing, but the type of explosive used implicate + the Heartland Freedom Militia.
Usage Tips: implicate is often followed by in.

Front 267

inquiry (n.)

Back 267

an investigation; an act of asking for information

Hint 267

Ex: The FBI launched an inquiry into the relationship between organized crime and the trucking company.

Front 268

intrusively (adv.)

Back 268

in a way that brings an unwanted person or thing into someone else's affairs -อย่างก้าวก่าย

Hint 268

Ex: The new consultant from company headquarters appeared intrusively at meetings, staff parties, and other functions where he was not wanted.

Front 269

seize (v.)

Back 269

to take something against its owner's will -ยึด, จับ, ฉวย

Hint 269

Ex: Federal agents can seize private homes and other property possibly used in the production or sale of illegal drugs.

Front 270

surveillance (n.)

Back 270

a process of watching something or someone for a long time, usually because the person is suspected of something -การเฝ้ามอง, การตรวจตรา

Hint 270

Ex: Police surveillance of one suspected car thief resulted in the arrest of a whole gang of carjackers.
Usage Tips: surveillance is often followed by an of phrase.

Front 271

analyze (v.)

Back 271

to examine something by looking at its parts

Hint 271

Ex: Chemists analyze + the white powder and found it to be only a mixture of sugar and salt.

Front 272

assail (v.)

Back 272

to attack or criticize forcefully -โจมตีอย่างเต็มกำลัง, รุกราน

Hint 272

Ex: With DNA evidence from the crime scene, the defense lawyer assail + the police for falsely arresting his client.

Front 273

contrary (adj.)

Back 273

opposite -ซึ่งขัดแย้ง

Hint 273

Ex: contrary to most studies, Dr. Ito's work shows the world's climate is not getting warmer.
Usage Tips: Common phrases are contrary to and on the contrary.

Front 274

hypothesize (v.)

Back 274

to make a guess, the correctness of which will eventually be investigated systematically. -ทึกทักเอาว่า (= presume, suppose)

Hint 274

Ex: Scientists hypothesize that planets capable of supporting life exist beyond our solar system, but they have not yet seen any.
Usage Tips: hypothesize is often followed by a that clause.

Front 275

impair (v.)

Back 275

to make something less effective than usual -(damage) ทำให้ชำรุด, (weaken) ทำให้เสื่อม, อ่อนแอลง

Hint 275

Ex: The snow impair + John's ability to hear anyone's footsteps.
Usage Tips: The object of impair is often [someone's] ability to.

Front 276

inference (n.)

Back 276

a conclusion drawn from evidence - ข้อยุติ, ผลสรุป, ข้อวินิจฉัย

Hint 276

Ex: Inspector Dowd's inference that Ms. Miller was South African was based on her accent.

Front 277

objectively (adv.)

Back 277

based on unbiased standards, not on personal opinion -อย่างไม่มีอคติ, อย่างมีตัวตนจริง

Hint 277

Ex: I don't like Mr. Rowan, but looking objectively at his sales numbers, I saw that he was a very valuable employee.

Front 278

suspicious (adj.)

Back 278

believing that something is wrong; acting in a way that makes people believe you have done something wrong - (arousing suspicion) น่าสงสัย

Hint 278

Ex: The neighbors became suspicious of Jim when he bought a big new car and some fancy clothes.
Ex: Jim's suspicious purchases made his neighbors think he might be getting money illegally.

Front 279

tolerate (v.)

Back 279

to avoid getting upset about something -ทนทาน, รับได้

Hint 279

Ex: My math teacher tolerate+ a lot of talking in her class, but my history teacher tells us to be quiet.

Front 280

versus (prep.)

Back 280

against (esp. in sports and legal use) - ประชันกับ, เปรียบเทียบกับ

Hint 280

Ex: In the debate, it was pro-war senators versus antiwar senators.
Usage Tips: versus is often abbreviated as versus+ in sports contexts, or simply versus+ in legal contexts.

Front 281

bribery (n.)

Back 281

giving money or other gifts to a government official or other person in authority in order to get special privileges -การให้/รับสินบน

Hint 281

Ex: bribery of police officers is common in countries where police salaries are very low.

Front 282

cynically (adv.)

Back 282

disrespectfully; emphasizing the weaknesses of otherwise respected things - เหยียดหยาม

Hint 282

Ex: Employees of the Roadways Department cynically referred to their boss as "the banker" because he took so many bribes.

Front 283

erode (v.)

Back 283

to wear away and become smaller -(น้ำ, ลม, ฝน, น้ำแข็ง) กัดเซาะ; (สนิม, กรด) กัดกร่อนทำลาย

Hint 283

Ex: People's respect for the government erode+ as more officials were arrested for corruption.
Usage Tips: erode can be intransitive (the beach erode+) or transitive (the waves erode+ the beach).

Front 284

evade (v.)

Back 284

to get away from something that tries to catch you - หลบหลีก (การชกต่อย, ปัญหา, คำถาม, ความยากลำบากใดๆ) ; หลบเลี่ยง (การจ่ายภาษี, หน้าที่, ความรับผิดชอบฯลฯ) ; หลบหนี (ตำรวจ, คำสั่ง)

Hint 284

Ex: The robbery suspects tried to evade the police by fleeing to Canada.

Front 285

grotesque (adj.)

Back 285

Extremely unattractive, in a way that catches a lot of attention; comically or repulsively ugly or distorted -บิดเบี้ยว, พิกลพิการ

Hint 285

Ex: Spending million to redecorate the governor's house is a grotesque misuse of public money.

Front 286

integrity (n.)

Back 286

personal honesty and good character -(uprightness, honesty) ความซื่อตรง, ความซื่อสัตย์, บูรณภาพ (ร.บ.); (of business, venture) การมีหลักการ; (of style) มีลักษณะชัดเจน

Hint 286

Ex: We don't have a problem with our employees stealing from the store because we hire only people with a lot of integrity.

Front 287

prevalent (adj.)

Back 287

common; easy to find because it exists in great amounts -(existing) มีอยู่ทั่วไป, ที่แพร่หลาย

Hint 287

Ex: Distrust of elected officials was prevalent in our county because many of them were friends with certain candidates.

Front 288

reform (v.)

Back 288

to make big improvements (something, typically a social, political, or economic institution or practice) - (make better) ทำให้ดีขึ้น (นิสัย, พฤติกรรม) ; ปฏิรูป (องค์กร)

Hint 288

Ex: The new law was an attempt to reform the system of giving money to political candidates.

Front 289

scandal (n.)

Back 289

a case of wrongdoing that hurts someone's reputation - เรื่องอื้อฉาว (about, of เกี่ยวกับ)

Hint 289

Ex: In the Watergate scandal, some of the president's top advisors were revealed to be criminals.

Front 290

unmask (v.)

Back 290

reveal; expose something that is hidden - ถอดหน้ากากของ บางคน ออก; [figurative] เปิดโปง บางคน/กระชากหน้ากากของ บางคน

Hint 290

Ex: The Forge Trucking Company was eventually unmask+ as a front for organized crime.

Front 291

abduction (n.)

Back 291

kidnapping; the action or an instance of forcibly taking someone away against their will -การลักพาตัว

Hint 291

Ex: Pirates got many crew members by abduction, snatching unlucky citizens from seaport towns.

Front 292

coerce (v.)

Back 292

to force; to put pressure on someone to do something - บีบบังคับ

Hint 292

Ex: A criminal's confession is not usable in court if the police coerce him or her into giving it.

Front 293

detain (v.)

Back 293

to prevent someone, for a relatively short time, from going on their way - (keep in confinement) กักขัง,(take into confinement) จับตัว

Hint 293

Ex: The police detain+ at least 20 men for questioning, but charged none of them with a crime.

Front 294

deviant (adj.)

Back 294

in a style that is not normal and is offensive to many - ผิดปกติ, ผิดธรรมชาติ (โดยเฉพาะการปฏิบัติทางเพศ)

Hint 294

Ex: The artist based his reputation on creating deviant works of art that disgusted most of the public.
Usage Tips: deviant always implies a bad opinion of someone or something.

Front 295

distort (v.)

Back 295

to twist or misrepresent; to make something seem different from what it really is - ทำให้บิดเบี้ยว (หน้าตา, สิ่งของ) ; (โรค, รูปภาพ) ทำให้ผิดสัดส่วน; (กระจก) หลอกตา

Hint 295

Ex: If you hold a pencil in a glass of water, the water distort + the appearance of the pencil.

Front 296

intentionally (adv.)

Back 296

on purpose, not by accident -อย่างมีเจตจำนง, อย่างตั้งใจ

Hint 296

Ex: Danny intentionally lost his last golf ball because he was tired of playing.

Front 297

piracy (n.)

Back 297

stealing a ship or taking the ship's cargo; the unlawful copying of books, CDs, etc. - การปล้นเรือในทะเล, การปล้นของโจรสลัด; [figurative] การละเมิดลิขสิทธิ์, การลอกเลียนโดยมิได้รับอนุญาต

Hint 297

Ex: Modern-day piracy occurs mostly near groups of small, uninhabited islands where pirates can hide.
Usage Tips: The software company constantly battled piracy.

Front 298

predicament (n.)

Back 298

a difficult situation, one that is hard to get out of

Hint 298

Ex: College basketball stars face thepredicament of wanting to graduate but being tempted by high professional salaries.

Front 299

smuggle (v.)

Back 299

to illegally bring things into a country - ขนของเถื่อน, ลักลอบ

Hint 299

Ex: The pirate Ben Dewar smuggle guns to British and Indian fighters in North America.

Front 300

villainy (n.)

Back 300

Exceptional badness, as demonstrated by many serious evil deeds - ความเลวทราม, ความชั่วร้าย

Hint 300

Ex: Fred was not a natural criminal, but he learned all kinds of villainy while being jailed for a minor crime.

Front 301

addictive (adj.)

Back 301

making someone want it so much that the person feels ill without it - ที่ติด, เสพติด; [figurative colloquial] ที่ทำให้หลงใหล

Hint 301

Ex: Some drugs, like heroin or methamphetamines, are addictive to almost everyone who tries them.

Front 302

cartel (n.)

Back 302

a small group controlling a certain area of business - การรวมกลุ่มของผู้ผลิตเพื่อตั้งราคาให้สูงและควบคุมการตลาด

Hint 302

Ex: The world's major oil producers formed a cartel to control the price and supply of petroleum.

Front 303

concentrated (adj.)

Back 303

strong because large amounts are in a certain space - มุ่งมั่นเอาจริงเอาจัง, เจาะลึก; เข้มข้น

Hint 303

Ex: concentrated lemon juice is very sour, so I mix it with water when I make lemonade.

Front 304

interdict (v.)

Back 304

to keep something from reaching a certain place; prohibit or forbid - ห้าม (ทางกฎหมาย)

Hint 304

Ex: With faster patrol boats, the Coast Guard can more easily interdict drugs being smuggled by sea.

Front 305

juxtapose (v.)

Back 305

place next to one another - วางสองสิ่งเคียงข้างกัน

Hint 305

Ex: If you juxtapose these two similar flowers, you can see clear differences between them.

Front 306

misconception (n.)

Back 306

a mistaken belief; a view or opinion that is incorrect because it is based on faulty thinking or understanding

Hint 306

Ex: A common misconception about rabbits is that they are a kind of rodent.

Front 307

modify (v.)

Back 307

make small changes in order to get a certain result

Hint 307

Ex: People who live in high mountains often modify their car engines to run well in the thinner air.

Front 308

potent (adj.)

Back 308

powerful; having great power, influence, or effect

Hint 308

Ex: A very potent type of marijuana with surprisingly strong effects became available in Burrytown.

Front 309

residual (adj.)

Back 309

left behind after most of a thing has gone - ที่เหลือ, ที่ตกค้าง

Hint 309

Ex: In the airplane, agents found residual traces of heroin.
Usage Tips: residual is often followed by trace, amount, or some other word referring to "quantity".

Front 310

subtly (adv.)

Back 310

in a quiet, hard-to-notice way - อย่างนุ่มนวล, อย่างละเอียดอ่อน

Hint 310

Ex: By subtly changing the soft drink's formula, we improved its taste and made production cheaper.

Front 311

ancestral (adj.)

Back 311

relating to family members from earlier generations - เป็นของ/สืบทอดมาจากบรรพบุรุษ

Hint 311

Ex: Sweden is my ancestral homeland, from which my great-grandfather emigrated in 1922.

Front 312

cohesion (n.)

Back 312

ability to stay together as a unit - การทำงานร่วมกัน (= union)

Hint 312

Ex: Family cohesion is difficult if young people have to go far away to find work.
Usage Tips: cohesion can also be used to describe forces that keep materials or structures together.

Front 313

descendant (n.)

Back 313

a direct relative in a later generation (such as one's son, daughter, or grandchild)

Hint 313

Ex: Billy Sobieski claimed to be a descendant of Jan Sobieski, a former king of Poland.
Usage Tips: descendant is often followed by an of phrase.

Front 314

inheritance (n.)

Back 314

things passed down to you from your ancestors

Hint 314

Ex: My inheritance from my grandmother included her favorite necklace.

Front 315

kin (n.)

Back 315

relatives - กลุ่มคนที่มีความสัมพันธ์ฉันญาติ; ญาติ, ญาติพี่น้อง

Hint 315

Ex: Even though my uncle didn't really like me, he was kind to me because we were kin .
Usage Tips: A common phrase is next of kin , meaning "closest relative".

Front 316

legitimate (adj.)

Back 316

true and respectable; in the context of family, born of a mother and father who were married to each other - ถูกต้องตามกฎหมาย; (วิธีการ) ถูกต้อง

Hint 316

Ex: You can skip the meeting if you have a legitimate reason.
Ex: Harcourt had two legitimate children with his wife Hannah and one legitimate + son with a woman whom he met while traveling.
Usage Tips: The opposite of legitimate is legitimate +.

Front 317

paternal (adj.)

Back 317

relating to a father - ที่มีลักษณะของบิดา, ที่เหมือนบิดา

Hint 317

Ex: My mother's parents have both died, but my paternal grandparents are still alive.
Usage Tips: paternal may appear with paternal +, meaning "relating to a mother".

Front 318

proximity (n.)

Back 318

nearness - ความใกล้ (to กับ)

Hint 318

Ex: The house was comfortable, except for its proximity to a busy road.
Usage Tips: proximity can be followed by an of phrase or a to phrase.

Front 319

sentiment (n.)

Back 319

feelings; opinion based on feelings - อารมณ์, ความรู้สึกทางใจ

Hint 319

Ex: I share your sentiment + about air travel, but I disagree that cars are safer.
Usage Tips: sentiment + (the plural) is more common than sentiment.

Front 320

sibling (n.)

Back 320

brother or sister - (male) พี่/น้องชายที่มีพ่อแม่เดียวกัน; (female) พี่/น้องสาวที่มีพ่อแม่เดียวกัน

Hint 320

Ex: My sibling + and I got together to buy our parents a gift for their anniversary.
Usage Tips: sibling is often preceded by a possessive noun or pronoun.

Front 321

affection (n.)

Back 321

an emotional closeness or warmth - ความรัก, ความชื่นชอบเอ็นดู

Hint 321

Ex: I show affection for my girlfriend by spending time with her, not by spending money on her.
Usage Tips: affection is often followed by a for phrase.

Front 322

associate (v.)

Back 322

to regularly spend time together - เกี่ยวข้อง/พัวพันกับ บางคน

Hint 322

Ex: Carol doesn't associate with people who smoke.
Usage Tips: associate is often followed by a with phrase.

Front 323

bond (n.)

Back 323

a close connection - สิ่งผูกมัด, ข้อผูกมัด

Hint 323

Ex: Some researchers say that there is an especially strong emotional bond between twins.
Usage Tips: A between phrase, indicating the things that are connected, often follows bond.

Front 324

clique (n.)

Back 324

a small group of friends who are unfriendly to people outside the group - ก๊ก; กลุ่มคนที่รวมพวก

Hint 324

Ex: High-schoolers form clique + to gain security and acceptance.
Usage Tips: clique indicates a negative feeling toward a group.

Front 325

confide (v.)

Back 325

to tell very personal things; tell someone about a secret or private matter while trusting them not to repeat it to others

Hint 325

Ex: Teenagers are more willing to confide in a friend than in a parent.
Usage Tips: confide almost always followed by an in phrase.

Front 326

exclusive (adj.)

Back 326

keeping out all but a few people - ผูกขาด; เฉพาะสิ่ง; (เจ้าของ, การควบคุม) แต่ผู้เดียว;

Hint 326

Ex: The most exclusive universities accept only a small percentage of people who want to attend.
Usage Tips: exclusive can indicate a positive opinion, but in the context of friendship, it can mean "attached only to one person".

Front 327

fluctuate (v.)

Back 327

to change often, from one condition to another - เปลี่ยนแปลงอยู่เสมอ, ผันแปร, ขึ้นๆ ลงๆ

Hint 327

Ex: Earth's climate fluctuate + between warm periods and cold periods.
Usage Tips: fluctuate is usually followed by a between phrase (or by a from ... to structure).

Front 328

in common (adv.)

Back 328

as a shared characteristic

Hint 328

Ex: Billy and Heather have a lot in common; basketball, a love of pizza, and an interest in snakes.
Usage Tips: in common very often appears with the verb to have.

Front 329

solidarity (n.)

Back 329

standing together despite pressure to move apart - ความสามัคคีเป็นน้ำหนึ่งใจเดียวกัน

Hint 329

Ex: Many student groups declared solidarity with the Latino Student Association in their effort to get a Spanish-speaking principal.
Usage Tips: solidarity is usually used in political contexts.

Front 330

willing (adj.)

Back 330

agreeable and ready to do something - เต็มใจ, พร้อม

Hint 330

Ex: Because of their long friendship, Professor Gardner was willing to say a few words at Jones's birthday celebration.
Usage Tips: willing is almost always followed by a to + verb structure.

Front 331

complex (adj.)

Back 331

not simple; involving many parts that work together

Hint 331

Ex: A modern car engine is too complex for most car owners to repair by themselves.

Front 332

despondent (adj.)

Back 332

Extremely sad and without hope for the future - กลุ้มใจ, เสียใจ, หมดกำลังใจ

Hint 332

Ex: After his girlfriend left him, Johnson was despondent and wouldn't talk to anyone.

Front 333

devotion (n.)

Back 333

a willingness to keep supporting someone you admire

Hint 333

Ex: Grant showed great devotion to his wife, supporting her during her long illness.
Usage Tips: devotion is often followed by a to phrase.

Front 334

dilemma (n.)

Back 334

a difficult choice between two things (equally undesirable ones) - สถานการณ์ให้เลือก (ซึ่งทั้งสองทาง เลวร้ายพอๆ กัน)

Hint 334

Ex: I was caught in a dilemma between traveling by airplane and taking a train, which is slower but more comfortable.

Front 335

engender (v.)

Back 335

to bring into being; to cause to exist - ก่อให้เกิด

Hint 335

Ex: The government's warnings about terrorism engender + fear throughout the nation.
Usage Tips: engender is often followed by a noun for an emotion.

Front 336

loyal (adj.)

Back 336

faithful; giving or showing firm and constant support or allegiance to a person or institution - ซื่อสัตย์, ซึ่งปฏิบัติหน้าที่อย่างซื่อตรง, ถูกต้อง

Hint 336

Ex: Carter was loyal to his girlfriend and would not date anyone else.
Usage Tips: loyal is often followed by a to phrase.

Front 337

passion (n.)

Back 337

an extremely strong emotion, like love or anger

Hint 337

Ex: Debbie complained that there was no passion in her marriage.

Front 338

proliferation (n.)

Back 338

an increase in the number of something and in the number of places it can be found - การแพร่พันธุ์, การขยายพันธุ์; [Medicine] การขยายอย่างรวดเร็ว

Hint 338

Ex: The proliferation of fast-food restaurants has made it harder for Americans to eat healthy lunches.
Usage Tips: proliferation is very often followed by an of phrase.

Front 339

reciprocity (n.)

Back 339

doing as much for another as he or she has done for you; the practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit - การกระทำซึ่งกันและกัน,การแลกเปลี่ยนสิทธิประโยชน์

Hint 339

Ex: Dan was giving a lot of attention to Kelly, but he felt no reciprocity in their relationship.

Front 340

vanish (v.)

Back 340

to disappear suddenly - อันตรธาน, หายวับไป

Hint 340

Ex: When the sun came out, last night's light snowfall vanish +.

Front 341

antipathy (n.)

Back 341

a strong, long-lasting negative feeling -ความเกลียดชัง, ความเป็นปรปักษ์

Hint 341

Ex: My antipathy toward telemarketers is so strong that I am often rude to them.
Usage Tips: antipathy is often followed by a toward phrase.

Front 342

arrogantly (adv.)

Back 342

in a way that shows a high opinion of oneself and a low opinion of others - อย่างหยิ่งยะโส; (presumptuously) อย่างบังอาจ

Hint 342

Ex: Jenny told us about her party only one day in advance, arrogantly thinking we had nothing else to do.

Front 343

berate (v.)

Back 343

to say insulting and disrespectful things -ดุด่า, ตำหนิ

Hint 343

Ex: The teacher lost his job because he cruelly berate + students who made mistakes.
Usage Tips: You can only berate someone directly, only when he or she can hear you.

Front 344

contemptuous (n.)

Back 344

having no respect -ดูถูก, เหยียดหยาม, หยิ่งยโส

Hint 344

Ex: Most scientists are contemptuous of reports that aliens from outer space have landed on the Earth.
Usage Tips: A very common structure is be contemptuous of.

Front 345

despise (v.)

Back 345

hate very much - เหยียดหยาม, ดูถูก

Hint 345

Ex: Tom grew to despise his greedy and unfriendly boss.

Front 346

humiliation (n.)

Back 346

an event that causes someone to feel that she or he has lost the respect of others - การลบหลู่, การดูหมิ่น, การเหยียดหยาม

Hint 346

Ex: Losing the chess tournament was a great humiliation for Marie, and she never played chess again.

Front 347

obnoxious (adj.)

Back 347

bothersome; doing small things that others don't like - น่ารังเกียจ, น่าขยะแขยง

Hint 347

Ex: My obnoxious neighbor keeps talking to me while I'm trying to read in my backyard.

Front 348

shame (n.)

Back 348

dishonor because one has done something wrong - ความละอายใจ

Hint 348

Ex: Feeling deep shame because of their son's crimes, the Ford family moved to a different town.
Usage Tips: shame is often followed by an of or about phrase.

Front 349

stigmatize (v.)

Back 349

to mark with a visible feature that makes other people think, perhaps incorrectly, that someone or something is wrong; describe or regard as worthy of disgrace or great disapproval - ทำให้เสื่อมเสียชื่อเสียง (= defame, denounce, discredit)

Hint 349

Ex: Cadbury's beard and tattoos stigmatize him as a bad match for Wall Street, so he couldn't find work as a financial analyst.

Front 350

vitriolic (adj.)

Back 350

showing an extreme, hateful anger- (คำพูด) รุนแรง, ถากถาง, ที่เจ็บปวด

Hint 350

Ex: The mayor's vitriolic attacks against the city council only made him sound unreasonable.
Usage Tips: The origin of vitriolic is vitriolic; a strong chemical that could cause painful burns.

Front 351

adolescent (adj.)

Back 351

characteristic of a teenager; not fully grown up - ของวัยรุ่น, ช่วงวัยรุ่น

Hint 351

Ex: In policy meetings, George refuses to reason with anyone and just scowls in an adolescent way.

Front 352

cause (n.)

Back 352

a political or social goal that one believes is right and works to achieve

Hint 352

Ex: Our river cleanup effort would be more effective if someone famous spoke out for the cause.

Front 353

conflict (v.)

Back 353

to fit so poorly together that the differences cause a problem - ขัดกัน, ค้านกัน

Hint 353

Ex: A teenager's need for security can conflict with his desire for independence from his family.

Front 354

delinquency (n.)

Back 354

serious misbehavior; not doing what one should do; minor crime, esp. that committed by young people - การก่ออาชญากรรม,การกระทำความผิด

Hint 354

Ex: Because of his laziness and delinquency, Lefty was an unreliable friend.
Usage Tips: A common combination is juvenile delinquency, meaning "criminal behavior by a teenager".

Front 355

fringe (n.)

Back 355

edge; in social contexts, parts of society that look or act very different from most people - ขอบที่ไม่เรียบและไม่แข็งมาก

Hint 355

Ex: Punk music got its start at the fringe of London's rock music culture.
Usage Tips: fringe implies an edge that is uneven and not very solid.

Front 356

hedonistic (adj.)

Back 356

Excessively interested in seeking pleasure - สนใจมากเกินไปในการแสวงหาความสุข

Hint 356

Ex: Suddenly wealthy, Allen fell into a hedonistic life of parties, expensive dinners, and heavy drinking.
Usage Tips: hedonistic usually implies that the pleasures are wrong.

Front 357

hypocritically (adv.)

Back 357

in a way that accuses other people of weaknesses that the speaker also possesses - หลอกลวง, แกล้งทำ

Hint 357

Ex: Henry spent on a new suit and then hypocritically accused me of spending too much on clothes.

Front 358

manipulation (n.)

Back 358

quietly moving or influencing people or things in order to get what you want - การจัดการโดยใช้เล่ห์เหลี่ยม;

Hint 358

Ex: Bob's manipulation of the boss's feelings led to his promotion.

Front 359

rebel (v.)

Back 359

To go against an established system or authority - ก่อการกบฏ, ขัดขืน, ต่อต้าน

Hint 359

Ex: The people of Ghurdia rebel against the dictator and set up a new government.
Usage Tips: rebel works well in political contexts and in contexts of personal relationships.

Front 360

status quo (n.)

Back 360

the systems and conditions that exist now - สถานภาพปัจจุบัน

Hint 360

Ex: Let's just maintain the status quo until we can think of a better way.

Front 361

abstract (adj.)

Back 361

not concrete and realistic; not obviously related to every-day experience

Hint 361

Ex: abstract painting became popular partly because early photography was very realistic.

Front 362

context (n.)

Back 362

a larger environment that something fits into - บริบท

Hint 362

Ex: In thecontext of Soviet Russia, public art had to be about the triumph of communism and its leaders.
Usage Tips: The preposition in often comes before context, and an of phrase often comes after it.

Front 363

depict (v.)

Back 363

to show in pictures - แสดงด้วยภาพวาด, บรรยาย

Hint 363

Ex: Michelangelo's painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel depictnine scenes from the Bible.

Front 364

dimension (n.)

Back 364

a direction or surface along which something can be measured; an aspect - มิติ; (measurement) ขนาด

Hint 364

Ex: The three dimension of physical objects are length, width, and depth.
Ex: One dimension of the problem is their long history of competition.

Front 365

esthetically (adv.)

Back 365

in a way that relates to beauty or appearance - เกี่ยวกับความงาม

Hint 365

Ex: The outside of the office building is esthetically pleasing, but the inside is dark and unpleasant.
Usage Tips: esthetically is often spelled with an "a" at the beginning: aesthetically.

Front 366

intrinsic (adj.)

Back 366

being part of the basic nature of something - มีอยู่ภายใน, มีอยู่ในตัว; (essential) คุณสมบัติจำเป็น; [Philosophy] อันเป็นเนื้อแท้

Hint 366

Ex: Frequent elections are intrinsic to a democratic system.

Front 367

perspective (n.)

Back 367

a way of seeing from a particular location; a way of thinking about something

Hint 367

Ex: From my perspective, the entire town can be seen through a set of large windows.
Ex: They held different perspective n how to care for their aging parents.

Front 368

portrayal (n.)

Back 368

a description or drawing that reflects a certain point of view - การบรรยาย; (esp. of person) การบรรยายของบุคคล

Hint 368

Ex: Most portrayal of Abraham Lincoln emphasize his sense of humor and his honesty.
Usage Tips: portrayal is often followed by an of phrase to indicate what is being described.

Front 369

realism (n.)

Back 369

a technique that tries to picture something as it really looks

Hint 369

Ex: realism was popular among seventeenth-century Flemish painters like Rembrandt van Rijn.

Front 370

spectrum (n.)

Back 370

a range of different things, usually colors

Hint 370

Ex: Bart's colorful designs include every color of the spectrum , from deep blue to vibrant red.
Usage Tips: The phrase the spectrum frequently means "the colors that the human eye can see".

Front 371

advent (n.)

Back 371

coming; arrival; the arrival of a notable person, thing, or event - ก่อนที่เริ่มมีใช้, ก่อนที่จะมา

Hint 371

Ex: The advent of the automobile greatly increased the demand for petroleum.
Usage Tips: advent is usually followed by an of phrase.

Front 372

ambiguous (adj.)

Back 372

having more than one possible meaning

Hint 372

Ex: The sentence It's hard to say is ambiguous, with different meanings in different contexts.

Front 373

connotation (n.)

Back 373

a meaning implied, not stated directly - ความหมายแฝงของคำ

Hint 373

Ex: When my boss says, "Thank you", the connotation is that she's done talking and I should leave.

Front 374

decipher (v.)

Back 374

to figure out the meaning, even though it is written in a code or an unknown language

Hint 374

Ex: The Rosetta Stone helped archaeologists decipher ancient Egyptian writing.
Usage Tips: A decipher + is a code or puzzle; decipher means "solve a puzzle written in code".

Front 375

denote (v.)

Back 375

to mean something clearly and directly - บ่งบอก, ชี้

Hint 375

Ex: An "X" next to a name on this list denote + a person who has been chosen for the soccer team.

Front 376

illiterate (adj.)

Back 376

unable to read - ไม่รู้หนังสือ, อ่านไม่ออกเขียนไม่ได้, ไม่มีการศึกษา

Hint 376

Ex: In many villages nearly everyone was illiterate and unschooled, and the few who could read held great power.

Front 377

ingenious (adj.)

Back 377

very clever and imaginative

Hint 377

Ex: Ann thought up an ingenious way to keep other people from accidentally taking her pens.

Front 378

inscription (n.)

Back 378

something written into a piece of rock or metal - ข้อความที่จารึก, อักษรที่จารึก

Hint 378

Ex: The inscription on my ring says "August 1," because that was the day of our wedding.

Front 379

phonetic (adj.)

Back 379

related to the sounds in a language - เกี่ยวกับการออกเสียงพูด

Hint 379

Ex: Children learning to write often make up phonetic spellings, based on the way a word sounds.

Front 380

symbolic (adj.)

Back 380

acting as a sign for some other thing or idea

Hint 380

Ex: Since the 1970s, yellow ribbons have been symbolic of hope that someone will return from a dangerous situation.
Usage Tips: symbolic is often followed by an of phrase indicating the meaning of a symbolic +.

Front 381

amateurish (adj.)

Back 381

not good enough to be the work of professionals

Hint 381

Ex: Whoever painted this room did an amateurish job, with all sorts of uneven edges.

Front 382

cast (n.)

Back 382

the group of actors in a play, movie, television show, etc. - รายนามผู้แสดง

Hint 382

Ex: Some viewers mistakenly start thinking that a TV show's cast members are really the characters they play.
Usage Tips: In U.S. English, cast is singular. In some other varieties of English it is plural.

Front 383

charismatic (adj.)

Back 383

Extremely attractive and charming

Hint 383

Ex: Because of the sparkle in his eye and his confident style, John F. Kennedy was a charismatic leader.

Front 384

gala (adj.)

Back 384

Expensive, elaborately arranged, and full of celebration - งานรื่นเริงในโอกาสพิเศษ, งานรื่นเริงหรูหรา

Hint 384

Ex: A college graduation party should be a gala affair, not a backyard barbecue.
Usage Tips: gala is somewhat old-fashioned, far more common in print than in speech.

Front 385

hilarious (adj.)

Back 385

very funny

Hint 385

Ex: In my opinion, the most hilarious character on television was Basil Fawlty.

Front 386

improvisation (n.)

Back 386

inventing a solution to an unexpected problem - สิ่งที่ทำขึ้นอย่างทันทีทันควัน

Hint 386

Ex: Boy Scouts take pride in their improvisation when faced with trouble during a camping trip.

Front 387

incompetent (adj.)

Back 387

unskilled; lacking the ability to perform a task

Hint 387

Ex: Because we hired an incompetent builder to replace our roof, we now have leaks everywhere.
Usage Tips: Usually, incompetent implies that someone tries to do something but fails.

Front 388

medium (n.)

Back 388

a channel or way for a meaning to be expressed

Hint 388

Ex: Watercolor art is often considered childish, but some artists have achieved great things working in that medium.
Usage Tips: The plural of medium is medium +.

Front 389

skit (n.)

Back 389

a short, informal play - ละครล้อเลียนชีวิตจริงสั้นๆ

Hint 389

Ex: Marnie and Chris spent a long time practicing their skit for the school show.

Front 390

zeal (n.)

Back 390

enthusiasm; a deep determination to do well - ความตั้งใจจริง, ความมุ่งมั่น

Hint 390

Ex: Unfortunately, Tom's zeal to become a rock star distracted him from his studies.
Usage Tips: zeal is often followed by to plus a verb or by a for phrase.

Front 391

bulk (n.)

Back 391

largeness and a heavy appearance

Hint 391

Ex: The bulk of Kevin's athletic body was too great for one small chair, so he sat on a bench.

Front 392

capricious (adj.)

Back 392

moving unpredictably from one thing to another - ที่เปลี่ยนใจง่าย, ไม่เสมอต้นเสมอปลาย;

Hint 392

Ex: Your college studies will go on too long if you make capricious jumps from one major to another.
Usage Tips: capricious comes from a Latin word meaning "goat"and implies a motion like the jumping of a goat.

Front 393

cumbersome (adj.)

Back 393

difficult to wear or carry because of weight or shape - รุ่มร่าม; เกะกะกีดขวาง; พะรุงพะรัง

Hint 393

Ex: To make it to the top of the mountain before dark, the hikers dumped their cumbersome tent.

Front 394

exotic (adj.)

Back 394

interesting or unusual because of coming from a faraway place - นำมาจากต่างถิ่นหรือต่างประเทศ

Hint 394

Ex: I walked into the restaurant and smelled the exotic aromas of Malaysian spices.

Front 395

inhibit (v.)

Back 395

to discourage or to slow down - ขัดขวาง, ยับยั้ง

Hint 395

Ex: This lotion will inhibit the itching caused by mosquito bites.

Front 396

minimum (n.)

Back 396

the smallest possible amount or level

Hint 396

Ex: The minimum for being accepted to Cavill University is a score of 60 on the test.

Front 397

striking (adj.)

Back 397

very noticeable; easily attracting attention - ดึงดูดความสนใจ, สะดุดตา

Hint 397

Ex: Gordon had a striking new attitude after he learned self-discipline at the army academy.
Usage Tips: striking comes from a verb that means "to hit".

Front 398

trend (n.)

Back 398

a movement in one direction or a widespread change in fashion - แนวโน้ม, สมัยนิยม

Hint 398

Ex: Thetrend among some young men is to wear their caps with the bill off to one side.

Front 399

vanity (n.)

Back 399

an excessive concern for one's appearance; excessive pride in or admiration of one's own appearance or achievements - ความภูมิใจ, ความทะนง

Hint 399

Ex: Mark's vanity led him to spend far too much money on haircuts and new clothes.

Front 400

vulnerable (adj.)

Back 400

Exposed to possible harm

Hint 400

Ex: Babies and very old people are especially vulnerable to the new disease.
Usage Tips: vulnerable is often followed by a to phrase.