3Rdyearnabffinal

Front 1

What region of the world is exotropia most common?

Back 1

near the equator

Front 2

Age of onset for exotropia

Back 2

35-70% in first 3 years of life

Front 3

______% of XT are intermittent

Back 3

85

Front 4

How can you determine if XT is constant or intermittent?

Back 4

check stereo!
if they have it, it is not constant

Front 5

T/F Amblopia is very prevelant in cases of XT

Back 5

FALSE
usually intermittent

Front 6

T/F In XT, the likelihood of AC is low

Back 6

T

Front 7

_____% of XT ave a vertical compeontnt

Back 7

16-52%

Front 8

33% of pts with XT have _________ by age 5

Back 8

overaction of inferior oblique

Front 9

A pattern of vertical deviations is due to

Back 9

overaction of SO

in down gaze, the 2 eyes are more exo

Front 10

V pattern of vertical deiation is due to

Back 10

overaction of IO
in up gaze the two eyes are move exo

Front 11

T/F In children XT is usually comitant

Back 11

T

Front 12

T/F Infntile XT associated with increased likelihood of neurological problems

Back 12

T

Front 13

T/F Adult onset XT is unlikely to be neurological

Back 13

FALSE

Front 14

T/F Infailte Exotropia is very rare

Back 14

T


unless craniofacial abnormality or neuro deficits are present (Aperts Syndrome or Krouzon's)

Front 15

Age of onset for infanitle exotropia

Back 15

within first year of life

Front 16

How large is the deviation in Infantile XT?

Is it Constant or Intermmittent?
Is it Alternating?
Is Amblyopia likey?

Back 16

LARGE deviation 30-60 pd

Constant strab, therefore -RDS

Alternation is COMMON--> thus amblyopis is NOT likely

Front 17

What is the RE of infantile XT?

Back 17

withing +/-3.50D

low astigmatism if present

Front 18

Common ocular motor abnomralities found in infanitle XT?

Back 18

Dissociated vertical deviation (During PRIMARY gaze)
Overaction of inferior oblique and SO common (ONLY in 2ndy GAZE!!)

Front 19

Treatment of Infantile EXotropia?

Back 19

rule out retinal or neuro
poor prognosis for functional cure
treat any sig RE
treat amblyopia if present
REFER FOR SURGERY before 18 months --> will have bilateral lateral rectus recession

Goal: get within 10 pd of ortho

80% cosmetic cure

Front 20

Intermittent XT makes _______% of all strabismus

Back 20

25

Front 21

T/F Divergence excess XT is more common in younger children

Back 21

T

Front 22

T/F Convergence insufficiency XT is seen more in children than adults

Back 22

FALSE

seen in adults an older children

Front 23

Typically we do not get AC with intermittent strabs but _ are exceptions

Back 23

intermittent XT

if developed young --? suppression

Front 24

If you see a constant, unilateral XT it is due to __ until proven otherwise

Back 24

disease

Front 25

3 types of intermittent exotropia

Back 25

Divergence excess XT
Basic XT
CI CT

Front 26

Divergence excess XT have _______ AC/A

Back 26

HIGH

Front 27

In DE XT, the deviation is larger where?

Back 27

DISTANCE t han near by 10 pd!!

Front 28

Wat type of XT is present in DE?

Back 28

intermittent and alternating --> amblyopia is not likely

see normal RE
CLOSURE of one eye in bright light

Have deep suppression at distance and OCCASIONAL AC

Front 29

In BASIC exo what is the angle at D and near?

Back 29

it is the same or similar etween 15--2opd

usually intermittent XT and alternating

NORMAL AC/A

Front 30

T/F Basic XT have LOW AC/A

Back 30

FALSE

NORMAL

Front 31

With CI XT, where is the angle greatest?

Back 31

GREATER at NEAR than DISTANCE by at least 10 pd

10 or less at distance
10-25 pf at near

Front 32

What is the AC/A ratio for pts with CI XT?

Back 32

LOW!

Front 33

Signs of CI XT?

Back 33

intermittent and alteranting
receded PC and LOW PFV at near (BO)
normal RE

Front 34

What is the definition of non-comitant deviation?

Back 34

strab differs by more than 5pd in different directions of gaze at ONE VIEWING DISTANCE (D OR N); can be a phoria or strab

DO NOT COMPARE D to N

Front 35

___________ have muscle under-actions or and over-actions

Back 35

non-comitant deviations

Front 36

Etiology of non-comitancy

Back 36

faulty muscle to due to injury
mechanical restrictions: Brown's Tendon Syndrome, Duane's Sheath
Innervational (pareisis/aralysis)

Front 37

Muscle under-actions:

Back 37

affects the muscle itself or its input: mechanical disorders due to muscle insertions, adesions, orbit shape,

innervational distrubances CN 3,4, or 6

Front 38

What is Herring's Law of Equal Innervation

Back 38

when an impulse for an eye movement is sent out, CORRESPONDING muscles of each eye receive equal innveratio to constract or relax --> yoked muscles

Front 39

If a paretic eye fixates, what happens to the other eye?

Back 39

OVER-action of its uoked muscle will occur because of the excesive innervation required of the pareit c eye= secondary angle.

THE magnitude of SECONDARY angle is biggger if you fixate with the PARTIC eye. The secondary angle is ALWAYS larger than the primary angle.

Front 40

THE magnitude of SECONDARY angle is bigger if you fixate with the ______ eye. The secondary angle is ALWAYS ______ than the primary angle.

Back 40

PARETIC


larger

Front 41

If you see over-action in primary gaze what muscles must be responsibel for this

Back 41

IO or SO

Front 42

congential onset of non-comitant strab?

Back 42

before 6 months of age

view baby photos to see turning of head to avoid diplopa from infancy

Front 43

Remember Muscle actions:
oBliques

Back 43

aBduct

Front 44

Do Superior muscles intort or extort?

Back 44

INTORT

S IN.

Front 45

Do Inferior muscles extort or intort?

Back 45

EXTORT

Front 46

fill in the blank

Back 46

Adduction

Front 47

fill in blank

Back 47

Abduction

Front 48

fill in blanks

Back 48

elevation intort adduction

Front 49

fill in blanks

Back 49

depression

extort

adduction

Front 50

fill in blanks

Back 50

incyclo

depression

abduction

Front 51

fill in blanks

Back 51

extort

elevation

abduction

Front 52

Muscle agonist definition:

Back 52

the muscle responsible for moving eye into desired position of gaze. The agonist of moving te right eye to the righ ti sthe RLR

Front 53

Muscle antagonist definition:

Back 53

muscle that oves the eye in the othe opposite direction of the desired position of gaze. The antagonist to the RLR os the RMR.

Front 54

Homolateral synergist=

Back 54

muscles in the SAME eye that have the SAME action (RSR and the RIO BOTH elevate the eye, and RSR and RSO both intort the eye)

Front 55

Contralateral synerists=

Back 55

muscles in opposite eye that have the SAME action (RSR and LIO oth elevate eye up) Contralateral synergists form YOKED muscles. The RSR and the KIO are yoked muscles that both elevate the eyes in the same directio nof gaze.

Front 56

Contralateral synergists form ______-muscles

Back 56

YOKED

Front 57

Whenever an impulse for an eye movement is sent, yoked muscles receive _______ to cotnract or relax

Back 57

EQUAL innervation

Front 58

1 degree angle of deviation is determined when _________-

Back 58

the good NONparetic eye fixates

Front 59

2 degree angle of deviation is determiend when the

Back 59

pareit eye fixates

Front 60

T/F 2 degree angle is ALWAYS greater than 1 degree angle

Back 60

T

Front 61

Describe contracture of homolateral antagonist (overaction)

Back 61

Normally, when a muscle acts to move the eye, it contracts (shortens) and its antagonist lengthens.
If a muscle is paretic, then it no longer contracts fully. Its antagonist, therefore, does not lengthen and stays in a state of contraction (shortened muscle). This constant over-action leads to a loss of elastic tissue = contracture.
Occurs when the “sound” eye fixates.

Front 62

Contracture of the Contralateral Synergist--example
RSO paresis causes contracture of the LIR if the patient is fixating with the right eye. WHY?

Back 62

Because it takes excessive innervation to stimulate the right eye to look down and to the left, the LIR receives this same innervation and contracts too much. Over time, this continual contraction causes a loss of elasticity to the LIR and it is unable to lengthen.

Front 63

Contracture of the Contralateral Synergist (yoked muscle) defintion

Back 63

A yoked muscle receives as much innervation as the agonist. When a paresis is present and the patient fixates with the paretic eye, both the agonist and its yoked muscle receive excessive stimulation. The muscles do not lengthen. Over time, this over action causes contracture (loss of elasticity)
Occurs when the paretic eye fixates.

Front 64

Inhibitional Palsy of the Contralateral Antagonist

Back 64

The antagonist of a paretic muscle requires less than normal innervation to move into its field of action.
The yoked muscle of the antagonist will therefore also receive less stimulation and will therefore under-act and appear palsied.
This phenomenon occurs ONLY WHEN THE PARETIC EYE FIXATES!!!!

Front 65

How soon does inhibitional palsy of contralateral antagonist come into play?

Back 65

can occur almost immediately, wthin hours.

The anatagonist of the paretic muscle requires less than normal inervation to movei nto its filed of action. The yoked muscle of the antagonist will therfore also receive less stiulation and will therefore underact and appear palsied. ONLY currs when paretic eye fixates

Front 66

Example of inhibitional palsy of contralateral antagonist:
RSO paresis

Back 66

Patient fixates with right eye and looks up and to the left (the DAF of the RIO).
Because the RSO is paretic, (its antagonist) the RIO needs less innervation to move up and left.
The yoked muscle of the RIO, the LSR, therefore also receives less innervation.
This results in the appearance of a LSR palsy when looking up and left.
A normal eye appears paretic!!!

Front 67

if pt is an exo and tilts head to the left its a _____ palsy until proven otherwise

Back 67

RSO

Front 68

if pt is an exo and tilts head to the right, its a ____ palsy until proven otherwise

Back 68

LSO

Front 69

What is the doll head phenomena?

Back 69

the FACE is always placed in the diagnoistc action field of the affected muscle in an attempt to avoid diploia and maintain binocular ision field. The EYE moves away from the muscle field.

Front 70

If pt has a RSO paresis, what will pt do to compensate?

Back 70

tilt chin DOWN and turn face LEFT


RSO is responsible for moving eyes DOWN and INTORT. If RSO doesn't work, your face will move down instead (chin down) and move your face to the left and tild so that your eye looks in without having to intort it.

Front 71

If pt has RIO paresis, what will pt do to compensate?

Back 71

Face turn left, chin up, head tilt right

RIO makes pt look up and out. If pt cannot do that, they will move face up and to the left, and tilt to the RIGHT!

Front 72

Treatment for intermittent XT

Back 72

correct RE
add minus lenses for pts too young to do VT
NEVER occlude constantly because it can cause an intermittent strab to be constant
Use BI prism (partially correct pt, 10 pd BI for a 20 pd XT intermittent--> Give for basic XT, since same for D and N)
VT for PFV

surgery if larger than 20pd

Front 73

% of functional cure for intermittent XT?

Back 73

85%

Front 74

Decompensated Exotropia definition

Back 74

an intermittent or cosntant XT which used to be an XP, PFV and accomdoative convergence ranges are no longer able to compensate.

Front 75

Decompensated XT cinical eval

Back 75

recent onset of diplopia
may be worse at Near
comitant-> most test in 9 position of gaze
can be intermittent or constant

Front 76

Treatment of Decompensated XT

Back 76

correct RE
consider prism, usually a fresnel, give the lowest amount to see 4 dots on Worth4dot.

VT to increase PFV

if angle is still greater than 20 after VT, consider surgery

Deviation SAME at D and N!

Front 77

T/F you CANNOT perform surgery on a CI XT

Back 77

T!
surgery will make this pt eso at distance!

Front 78

2 Types of secondary exotropia

Back 78

sensory XT

Consecutive XT

Front 79

Clinical findings of sensory XT

Back 79

XT is LARGE 30-60 pd

Constant and unilateral

Amblyopia is possible!!

Associated with hyperdeviation OIO or OSO

want to treat cosmesis
Surgery should be performed withing TWO years of injusry to avoid possibility of intractable diplopia.

Front 80

What is Spontaneous XT?

Back 80

may occur in pts who have more than 4.50D of hyperopia with ESOtropia!

XT occurs with full RE IN PLACE

Front 81

__________ is the best test used for non-comitant deviations with recent onset

Back 81

hess lancaster

Front 82

What must be ruled out before doing the Hess Lancaster test?

Back 82

AC


most non-comitant deviatiosn do not have AC

Front 83

T/F Hess Lancaster is an OBJECTIVE test

Back 83

FALSE

SUBJECTIVE

Front 84

Which light determiens the fixating eye during the Hess Lancaster test?

Back 84

examiner's light

Pt light determines the muscle field

EACH block represents 7 pd at 1 meter

Front 85

Explain Hess Lancaster test

Back 85

when examiner uses green light and makes pts OS fixate, the OS is forced to reach each of the 9 positions on the screen, THUS OD muscle action is meaasred and plotted via Herrings law.

This is a direct projection

then the pt and dr switch flashlights to repeat procedure and plot OS muscle field

Front 86

How do you analyze the results of the Hess Lancaster test?

Back 86

Analysis
Find plot with smaller field
Find greatest deviation from normal
Identify muscle(s) at fault
For each under-action there should be an overaction in the same DAF of the opposite eye (in non-comitant paretic deviations)

Front 87

What does this Hess Lancaster result mean?

Back 87

INFERIOR OBLIQUE PARESIS

first find the field with the SMALLER plot (right field)
then find the BIGGEST difference between two points (IO)

Thus its a RIGHT inferior Oblique paresis

(Notice the OVERACTION due to herring's law on the left side)

Front 88

wHAT DOES this Hess Lancaster result mean?

Back 88

A pattern ESOTROPIA

Front 89

____________ test works est for recent onset, noncomitant strabs within 6 motnhs of onset

Back 89

Red lens or Red glass test

Front 90

What 2 questions do you ask pt during red lens test?

Back 90

where is diplopia greatest?

Which light is MOST farthrest away from center to the pt?

The position of GREATEST diplopa identfies 3 possible muscles.

the most DISTAL light identifies the problem eye.

example: diplopia is worse in RIGHT gaze (RLR or LMR).
Red lens is FURTHEST away (means the RIGHT eye is the problem eye)
RLR problem

Front 91

What does this result from Red lens test mean?

Back 91

Diplopia is greatest on RIGHT gaze ( RLR or LMR)

RED light is farthest away! (RIGHT EYE PROBLEM)

Thus its RLR

Front 92

What does this Red Lens test result mean?

Back 92

RSR problem!!

Diplopia was worse up and to the right (either RSR or LIO)
R lens is furthest away, so its right eye is deviationg
THEREFORE" RSR problem --> muscle is underacting so the eye is hypo and right light seen aboe green

Front 93

The Hess Lancaster test is recored according to the ______ view and the red glass test to the _______ view

Back 93

patient's

examiner's

Front 94

What is Park's Three Step good for testing

Back 94

ONly VERTICAL deviations:phorias and tropias

Front 95

What is the most common cause of vertical deviations? (90%)

Back 95

Superior Oblique Paresis

assume vertical deviation is due to SO problem until proven otherwise

congenital 30-65% of the time

more acquired cases are due to head trauma

Front 96

The vertical deviation seen in a superior oblique paresis is in _______ gaze

Back 96

primary

devation is WORSE in adduction of paretic eye, worse at near, worse in down gaze and worse wen tiling to the SAME side as paretic eye

Front 97

In SO paresis:
devation is WORSE in adduction of paretic eye, worse at near, worse in down gaze and worse wen tiling to the _____ side as paretic eye

Back 97

SAME

Front 98

Treatment of SO paresis

Back 98

referral for medical workup to rule out pathology

prevention of secondary contractures by ALTERNATING occlusion full time
if given prism, must doe EXCURSION eye movements twice a day (prism for deviations under 10 pd in primary gaze, give fresnel and slpt if more than 5pd)
Vision therapy
compesnatory head posture teaing

Front 99

T/F congential SO paresis will NOT have diplopia

Back 99

T

will have compesnatory head posture
can do surgery if pd larger than 15

Front 100

A _______ paresis ends up as a non-comitant ESOTROPIA

Back 100

lateral rectus paresis

face turned towarded affected side

Diplopia WORSE at distance, ET worse at distance

usually a systemic issue

Front 101

Lateral rectus paresis has diplopia worse?

Back 101

at DISTANCE

ET is worse at distance

Front 102

Treatment of Lateral Rectus paresis?

Back 102

referral to neuro-opthalmoloist
prevention of secondary contracture with alternate occlusion and ecsursion eye movements
Fresnel prism if strab persists for >6months, consider surgery for >15pd.
NO driving allowed

Front 103

A complete Third nerve paresis cuases the eye to appear how?

Back 103

DOWN and OUT with fixed dilated pupil, droopy lid, and decreased accomodation.

If pupil is involved, refer to ER

Front 104

superior division of third nerve is responsible for?

Back 104

superior recti and levator. If effected, eye is down, pupil is spared, droopy lid

Front 105

inferior division of third nerve is responible for?

Back 105

inferior recti, inferior oblique, medial recti, and ciliary body

eye is exo, blow pupil and intorted

Front 106

CN 3 mimickers=

Back 106

thyroid eye disease
MG
Duane's
Brown's
mechanical restrction
congenital absense of muscle

Front 107

T/F A congential third nerve paresis generally has NO compensatory head position

Back 107

T

see deep amblyopis from constant strab and ptosis

No double vision so therfore pt is suppressing and no need for change in head posture

Front 108

Treatment of congeital CN III paresis

Back 108

treat anisometropia, correct RE and protect g ood eye
Treat amblyopia
check for suppression or diplopia
refer for surgery for ptosis or for strab

Front 109

Treatment of aquired CN III paresis

Back 109

refer for complet medical work-uo
most go away in 3-6 months
Do alternate occlusion if deviation is >20pd to prevent contractures
As it improves, use Fresnel prism
Always do daily large ecsursion eye movements to prvent contracture
NO driving

Front 110

______ syndrome: limitation of adduction, abduction, or both. Glove reatraction and narrowing of palpebral fissure on adduction The eye pulsl back into its socket as you attempt to adduct

Back 110

Duane's

Vertical deviations and up/down shooting on adduction

typically unilateral

Front 111

Which EYE is more affected in Duane's?

T/F Duane's effects males more than females

Back 111

LEFT eye more affected

FALSE
FEMALES more affected

Front 112

Most common type of Duane's?

Back 112

Tye 1

abduction deficit
ESO in primary gaze is SMALLER than when you try to abduct! (eso worse when abducting)

Front 113

Describe Duane's Type II

Back 113

Adduction deficit
EXO in primary gae INCREASES with adduction!!

Front 114

Describe Duane's Type III

Back 114

EXO deviatio during Adduction
ESO deviation during ABduction

Front 115

How do you treat Duane's?

Back 115

surgery is needed for large eso >15 pd in primary gaze

prism can be used to minimise when <15 pd

Front 116

What eye and who is usually affected in Brown's?

Back 116

RIGHT eye

Female

Front 117

Findings of pt with Brown's?

Back 117

HYPOtropia on ADDuction
Eyes move DOWN as pt adducts

limited elevation od adduction

Get a POSITIVE forced duction test, both versions and ductions are restricted

SO muscle is trapped

Front 118

How to differentiate between Brown's and IO paresis?

Back 118

in Browns:
NO hypoin PRIMARY gaze
NO overaction of homolateral SO
NO head tilt
Ductions and versions are the same

Front 119

____________:a spontaneous upward deviatio nof one or both eyes when pt is fatigued, daydriming, inattentive, or when fusion is disrupted

Back 119

dissociated vertical devation

onset usually less than age 3
often associated with infantile ET

CAN improve with time

Front 120

T/F Patients with DVD may improve with time

Back 120

T

is treatable. Only treat if not latent.

If latent, then no treatment.

Front 121

An overaction of the ________causes an elevation of the eye in aDDUCTION

Back 121

Inferior Oblique


(see it in SECONDARY gaze OJNLY)

Front 122

In OVERaction of the Inferior Oblique muscle, what do you see in PRIMARY gaze?

Back 122

NO to MINIMAL vertical deviation. ONLY occurs in secondary gaze.


REMEMBER: DVD occurs in BOTH primary and secondary gaze

Front 123

While Overaction of inferior oblique only occurs in secondary gaze, ________ occurs in BOTH primary and secondary

Back 123

DVD

Front 124

A ____ pattern deviation is often associated with inferior oblique overaction

Back 124

V pattern

EXO is WORSE in upgaze


(so when you look IN, eyes are UP. When you look UP, eyes are OUT)

Front 125

An overaction of the __________ occurs with a DEPRESSION of the eyes on ADDuction

Back 125

superior oblique

REMEMBER, overaction is ONLY seen in SECONDARY gaze

onset is usually below 4 yrs of age
Often associated with a LARGe magnitude of exotropia

Front 126

Overaction of Superior Oblique is assoicated with a ___ pattern exotropia, with exo being worse in ___ gaze

Back 126

A pattern

DOWN gaze

Front 127

T/F Overaction of the Superior Oblique is associated with neurologic disorders

Back 127

T
hydrocephaly
cerebral palsy
mengiomeolocele

BE concerned with these pts

Front 128

When testing A and V Pattern Strabismus are testing at ___ derees of upgaze and _____ degrees of downgaze

Back 128

25

35

Front 129

both A and V pattern deviations are due to

Back 129

overaction of muscles

Front 130

T/F With overactive muscles, Symptoms occur MORe frequently if the deviation is LARGER in DOWNgaze

Back 130

T

since we READ in downgaze, pts are more likely to recognize a problem than in upgaze

Front 131

With A pattern eSotropia, esotropia is greater in UPgaze by _____ or more compared to downgaze

Back 131

10 pd

Front 132

With A pattern eXotropia, the exotropia is greaterr in DOWNgaze by ___ pd or more compared to upgaze

Back 132

10 pd

Front 133

With V pattern deviations, esotropia is worse in ____ by 15 pd or more

Back 133

downgaze

Front 134

With V pattern deviations, eXotropia is worse in ____ by 15 pd or more

Back 134

upgaze

Front 135

What is myasthenia Gravis?

Back 135

a neuromuscular disorder of voluntary STRIATEd muscles caused by the fai;lure to produce or rlease acetlycholine at nmj --> causes weakness and fatigue of mucles

Front 136

_______% of all MG patienst presnt with ocualr symptoms

Back 136

50

Front 137

What is the most common ocular restriction in pts with MG?

Back 137

upgaze restriction is the most common diplopia when looking up

mimmics CN3 superior dvision paresis, however this is intermittent diplopia while CNIII would be constant

Front 138

What must you rule out in all recent onset strabismuses?

Back 138

MG

Front 139

Normal BI and BO vergences for distance?

Back 139

BI=x/7/4
BO= 9/19/10

Front 140

How do you prevent secondary contractures

Back 140

alternating occlsuion, ocular calisthenics

Front 141

____ is a condition in which PERIPHERAL fusion and vergence amplitudes are capable of maintaining ocular aligment within approximately 10 pd of ortho DESPITE stereo deficiency and central macular suppression scotoma in one eye during binocular viewing

Back 141

Monofixation syndrome

Front 142

What will a pt see on W4D test if they have monofixation?

Back 142

4dots at near, and at distance it falls into suppression scotoma

Front 143

Diagnosis of monfixation syndrome

Back 143

-lack of symptoms deviation
under 10 pd
-alternate CT may be larger than unilateral CT (less than 10 pd)
-NO suppression scotoma seen under MONOCular conditions, but seen during inocular onditions
-Contour stereo is PRESENT but reduced

-will NOT have RDS

Front 144

What 3 ways can you diagnose of suppression scotoma

Back 144

1. Worth 4 Dot (suppression at distance only)
2. Bagolini Striate Lenses- a gap in the streak of light is seen by the deviaed eye under binocular viewing
3. 4BO Test performed at distance: ONLY objective TEST. pt is not suppressing if you see a version movement followed by a vergence movement,. If scotoma is present, NO recovery vergence movement occurs

Front 145

How can you differentiate between a macular lesion from monofixation syndrome?

Back 145

monofixation syndrome scotoma is ONLY present at distance and ONLY under binocular conditions.

Macular lesion suppression scotom is present during monocular AND binocular conditions

Front 146

Treatment of monofixation syndrome includes antisuppression therapy=

Back 146

monocular in binocular field

Front 147

__________:a small angle strab which develops EF equals to the amount of the strabismus. The amount of EF is equal to the true objective angle.

Back 147

Microtropia.

Do not see movmeent on unilateral cover test

Front 148

Age of onset for microtopria?
RDS present?
How embedded is their HAC?

Back 148

less than 3

NO RDS since pt is not bifoveal, can get reduced contour stereo

DEEPLY embedded HAC

Front 149

T/F
ALL microtropes are monofixators

Back 149

T!!

BUT not all MONOFixators are microtropes

Front 150

Qualifications for surgery:
____ pd or larger esotropia
____ pd or larger exotropia
____ pd or larger hypertropia

Back 150

15
20
10

Front 151

What is the MOST common surigcal procedure for strabismus?

Back 151

Loosening=recession
muscle is cut from the globe and re=attached morer posteriorly to increas slack in muscle and decrease effective pulling power.

ONLY reversible method

Front 152

Transposition surgery is for what kind of strabs?

Back 152

cyclovertical
DVD's and OIOs

Front 153

For pts with esotropia, what kind of surgery is performed?

Back 153

medial rectus recession

Front 154

For pts with exotropia what kind of surgery is performed?

Back 154

lateral rectus recession

Front 155

Benefits of surgery=
___% cosmetic
___% need ADDITIONAL surgery

Back 155

80%
20%

Front 156

Atropine is used to treat _______
Echothiophate iodine is used to treat ___-

Back 156

amblyopia

accomodative ET

Front 157

Nono-comittant deviations usually go away in _______ days and are only worse in one position

Back 157

60-90

Front 158

T/F The Larger the magnitude angle, the more difficult is to treat patient

Back 158

FALSE

smaller the angle (microtropia is harder to treat than LARGE exos, for example_

Front 159

For an intermittent pt, the success rate for a cure is

Back 159

functunal or almsot cure is 96%

if CONSTANT it drops to 64%

Front 160

Most common cause of vertical deviations (90%)

Back 160

Superior Oblique Palsies