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Front 1

Q: Compare and contrast the first two years of the New Deal with the later New Deal after 1934

Background: The New Deal was the economic and political policies of Franklin Roosevelt’s administration in the 1930s, its main purpose was to solve the problems of the Great Depression by providing relief for the people that were unemployed. The new deal was based on many ideas from the progressive era.

Thesis: In the first two years of the New Deal the focus was relief and recovery later the focus turned to reforms. First two yrs of New Deal:

Back 1

Roosevelt quickly declared a nationwide banking holiday from March 6-10 so that the banks could reopen in better financial shapes The Emergency Banking Relief Act was passed in 1933 –the president now had the power to regulate banking transactions and foreign exchange and to reopen solvent banks Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act- this established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation which insured individual deposits up to $5,000 Gold standard abandoned in 1933 caused inflation Civilian Conservation Corps (1933) – provided employment for young men –in reforestation , firefighting , flood control, swamp drainage Federal Emergency Relief Act- provided immediate relief for unemployed adults , the agency was handed to Harry L. Hopkins who then provided to the states about $3million for dole payments Civil Works Administration : provided temporary jobs like raking and clearing the streets during winter Agricultural Adjustment Act- relief for farmers, millions of dollars available for farmers their mortgages Home Owners Loan Corporations – refinanced mortgages of nonfarm homes , saved millions of homes , and most middle class homeowners stayed faithful to the democratic party

Later New Deal: Works Progress Administration(1935)- employment on useful work projects , also under Hopkins it spent $11 billion on public buildings, bridges, and roads National Recovery Administration- assist industry, labor and the unemployed ,hours of labor would be reduced , workers could bargain collectively through their own chosen representatives , yellow dog tag was forbidden Public Works Administration- industrial recovery and unemployment relief , $4 billion was spent on highways, parkways, and buildings most famous achievement is the Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia river Resettlement administration- for those affected by the dust bowls USHA- agency loaned money to states or communities for low cost construction Social security (1935) provided security for seniors , retirees,

-The Differences of the new deal and the old deal: The differences between the New Deals are that the second New Deal was more reinforced mainly because Roosevelt threatened the Supreme Court with adding a justice for every member over 70 that would not retire this caused the supreme to be more supportive of his New Deal reforms

Front 2

Q: Explain how each of the following contributed to the New Deal plans for recovery from the Great Depression: a) ending prohibition b) abandoning the gold standard c) the court packing scheme

Back 2

Thesis: the following contributed to the recovery from the Great Depression; ending prohibition, the end of the gold standard, and the court packing scheme. Ending Prohibition: When prohibition ended people were able to legally produce and sell alcoholic beverages again but the government would tax the sales and gain profit. This helped businesses attract more customers and gov would earn more money.

Off the Gold Standard: Getting off the gold standard helped stimulate inflation , and the circulation of dollars which then helped the economy recover Court packing scheme: The members of the Supreme Court were very conservative and often did not support the cases that dealt with the New Deal, but when Roosevelt threatened to add a justice for every member that was 70 and did not retire, they began to be more lenient toward his reforms which helped his New Deal.

Front 3

Q: how “revolutionary” was the New Deal? Evaluate the significant changes that it wrought and determine how different the nation became because of it.

Background: The New Deal was the economic and political policies of Franklin Roosevelt’s administration in the 1930s, its main purpose was to solve the problems of the Great Depression by providing relief for the people that were unemployed. The new deal was based on many ideas from the progressive era. Thesis: The New Deal was very revolutionary because it caused the nation to become very different.

Back 3

Topic 1: The reasons as to why the new deal was revolutionary. the New Deal was revolutionary because for the first time the gov. became very involved in the social welfare of the people he also threatened the Supreme Court with adding members for every justice the age of 70 who wouldn’t retire which made the members more supportive of the New Deal programs he also passed many acts during his first 100 days in office :national bank holiday, Emergency Banking Relief Act, Unemployment relief Act, National Industrial Recovery ,Federal Emergency Relief Act , Home Owners’ Refinancing Act, Tennessee Valley Authority Act.

Topic 2: The Civilian Conservation corps (CCC) There was an overwhelming unemployment problem. Roosevelt had no problem using federal money to help the unemployed. The hundred day congress came up with The civilian conservation corps, which was the most popular of all new deals. It provided jobs for about 3million uniformed young men. The recruits were required to help their parents by sending money. Topic 3: Tennessee Valley Authority Act. The TVA was determined to figure out much electricity cost. So a “Yard stick” (Cohen 766) could be set up to test the fairness of rates charged by private companies. Utility cooperation’s complained that the low cost of TVA power was due to dishonest bookkeeping and the absence of taxes. TVA brought to the area of Tennessee not only full employment and cheap electricity ,but low-cost housing, abundant cheap nitrates, the restoration of erode soil, reforestation, improved navigation, and flood control. It was once a poverty cursed area was being changed into one of the most flourishing regions in the U.S.

Topic 4: Federal Housing Administration 1934 It was to be stimulated by small loans to house holders, both for improving dwellings and for completing new ones. The FHA was so popular that it was one of the few that outlasted “the age of Roosevelt” (Cohen 767). Congress strengthened the program in 1937 by authorizing the United States Housing Authority (USHA). USHA was designed to lend money to states or communities for low-cost construction.

Topic 5: Social Security Act Provided for federal state unemployment insurance. Provide security for old age, specified categories of retired workers were to receive regular payments from Washington. The payments ranged from $10 to $85 a month and were financed by a payroll tax on both employers and employees Provision was made for the blind, the physical handicapped, delinquent children, and other dependents.

Conclusion: Without the New Deal programs many Americans would have suffered a much worse depression, unemployment rates would have sky rocketed.

Front 4

Q: A popular slogan of the mid 1930’s claimed that “Roosevelt wants you to join a union”, explain why this assertion contained some truth.

Thesis: Roosevelt passed acts all appealed to laborers which would make them want to join a union for the benefits.

Back 4

Wagner Act (1935) – created National Labor Relations Board for administrative purposes , the right for labor to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choice, unskilled workers began to organize themselves , Committee for Industrial Organization- created by John L. Lewis , unskilled workers began to organize themselves with skilled workers, they moved to the automobile industry (GM sit down strikes), The United States Steel Company

Fair Labor Standards Act- set up minimum wage and maximum hours , labor of children under 16 forbidden

Front 5

Background: Franklin Roosevelt was the Governor of NY before he became president. His political appeal was amazing, and he consistently preached for a new deal. Thesis: Roosevelt was Hamiltonian in his espousal of big government, but Jeffersonian in his concern of for the forgotten man.

Back 5

Topic 1: Roosevelt was Hamiltonian in his espousal of big government Banks control over America. Emergency Baking relief of 1933: invested the president with power to regulate banking transactions and foreign exchange and to reopen solvent banks.

Glass-Steagall Banking reform Act: A law creating the federal deposit insurance corporation, which insured individual bank deposits up to $5,000

Topic 2: Jeffersonian in his concern of for the forgotten man. Roosevelt was Jeffersonian because he created jobs opportunity for the unemployed with certain acts.

Civilian Conservation Corps: provided employment in fresh air gov. camps. It created jobs for 3 million American citizens.

Social security act: Provide security for old age, specified categories of retired workers were to receive regular payments from Washington.

Domestic Allotment Act of 1936: It paid farmers to plant soil- conserving crops, like soybeans.

Front 6

Q: cite evidence to demonstrate that “the most damning indictment of the New Deal was that it failed to cure the Depression “ then cite the achievements of value that the New Deal did in fact accomplish Failed:

Back 6

Failed: Some argued that the U.S would have gotten out of the depression without the New Deal programs The country’s debt went from 19billion to 40billion Too much money put in the gov, gave the gov more power people moved west Minorities suffered the most WW2 cured the depression because employment was readily more available

Success: Provided employment for millions Kept democracy Bank recovered trust of people