2.2 Four Emergent Properties Of Water Contribute To Earth;s Fitness For Life

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Cohesion

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The building together of life molecules, often hydrogen bonds.

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Adhesion

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The attraction between different types of molecules.

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Surface Tension

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A test of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension becayse of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules.

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Kinetic Energy

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The energy associated with the relative motion of objects. Moving matter can perform work by imparting motion to other matter.

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Heat

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The total amount of kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms or molecules in a body of matter; also called thermal energy. Heat is energy in its most random form.

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Temperature

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A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees, reflecting the average kinetic energy of the molecules.

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Celsius Scale

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A temperature scale (C) equale to 5/9(F-32) that measures the freezing point of water at 0C and the boiling point of water at 100C.

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Calerie (cal)

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The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1C, also the amount of heat energy that 1 g of water release when it cools by 1C. The calorie usually used to signify the energy content of food, is a kilocalerie.

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Kilocalerie (kcal)

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A thousand caleries; the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 K of water by 1C.

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Specific heat

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The amounnt of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of a substance to change its temperature by 1C.

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Heat of vaporization

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The quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state.

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Evaporative Cooling

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The process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation, owing to a change of the molecules with the greatest kinetic energy from the liquid tothe gaseous state.

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Solution

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A liquid that is a homeogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

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Solvent

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The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most common ___.

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Solute

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A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

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Aqueous Solution

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A solution in which water is the solvent.

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Hydration Shell

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The sphere of water molecules around a dissolved ion.

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Hydrophillic

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Having an affinity for water.

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Colliod

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A mixture made up of a liquid and particles (That because of their large size) remain suspended rather than dissolved in that liquid.

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Hydrophobic

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Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water.

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Molecular Mass

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the sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecules; sometimes called molecular weight

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Mole (mol)

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The number of grams of a substance that equals its molecular weight in daltons and contains Avogadro's number of molecules.

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Molarity

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A common measure of solute concentration, referring to the number of moles of solute per liter of solution