Aphg Unit 2 Quiz Dgt

Front 1

The Demographic Transition Model

Back 1

All nations experience changes in natural pop. increase

over their history - “demographic transitions”

Front 2

Stage 1: Low Growth

Back 2

The longest stage in human history. Hunting & gathering through agrarian society.
· Lots of births: Lack of family planning, High Infant Mortality Rate, Need for workers in agriculture, Religious beliefs, Children are economic assets.
· But also high deaths: disease, Famine, Lack of clean water and sanitation, poor health care, war, competition for food, lack of education-knowledge about sanitation.

Front 3

Stage 1 looks like...

Back 3

Triangle/pyramid b/c of lots of babies

Front 4

Stage 2: High Growth - Early Expanding

Back 4

Pop growth took off during Ind. Revolution improved technology led to greater yields / efficiency. High births rates continued but by 1900’s - medical revolution helped many live through smallpox, bacterial infections, improved sanitation, food transport & storage, knowledge of water born disease.

Front 5

stage 2 looks like..

Back 5

triangle that is starting to taper in at the bottom so less wide

Front 6

Stage 3: Moderate Growth- Late Expanding

Back 6

-The death rate continues to drop slowly with continued med. improvements but birth rates drop

-family planning available, lower infant mortality rate, increased standard of living access to birth control

-changing status of women

Front 7

stage 3 looks like...

Back 7

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Front 8

Stage 4: Low Growth / Stationary Population Level (SPL)

Back 8

-Zero pop growth (ZPG) when births = deaths. At / below TFR 2.1

-People know the kids will survive, kids are expensive, lifestyle, education and opportunities for women

-various social customs/values = less babies

Front 9

stage 4 looks like....

Back 9

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Front 10

stage 5: declining

Back 10

birth rate: very low

Death rate: low

Natural increase: slow decrease

reasons for changes in birth rate: family planning,good health, improving status of women, later marriages

Reasons for change sin death rate: healthcare, reliable food supplies

Front 11

Some Weaknesses?

Back 11

All models have assumptions / idealized generalization

· Assumes all nations pass through all 4 stages and assumes that industrialization must occur.
· the fall in pop. growth of stage 3 has been slowed by religion, political policy, access to birth control

· Nations that have pop. growth from immigration don’t fit in. ie. Canada-USA.