문법 2

Front 1

아/어 보이다

Back 1

피곤해보이다

재밌어보이다

To look or appear a certain way. Outward appearance of a person thing or event.

Front 2

(으) ㄴ/는 모양이다

Back 2

어제 몸이 안 좋다고 했는데 많이 아픈 모양이에요

등산복을 입은 걸 보니까 산에 가는 모양이에요

Meaning shape or appearance 모양 is used to Express a particular condition or state. Used often with 으 ㄴ/는 걸 보니까 which comes earlier.

Front 3

(으) ㄹ 텐데

Back 3

벌써 초대장을 받았을 텐데 연락이 없네요

Hint 3

Should

Should have

Expresses an expected or intended future state of affairs.

Mixture of 할 터이다 and ㄴ/는데

Front 4

(으) ㄹ 테니까

Back 4

1) Since I'm doing this you do this.

화장실 청소할테니까 거실 청소해주세요

Mix of 할 터이다 and (으) 니까

2) 지은이 면접을 잘 봤는지 모르겠어요

잘 봤을 테니까 걱정하지마세요

Front 5

(으) ㄹ 걸요

Back 5

아마 커피숍에 있을걸요

Probably

Unconfirmed assumptions

Not to be confused with the shorted form of 할걸 그랬다 which expressed regret in a statement

Front 6

(으) ㄴ/는/(으) ㄹ 줄 몰랐다 (알았다)

Back 6

결혼 안 한줄 알았어요

숙제사 없는 줄 알았어요

학교에 온 줄 알았어요

학교에 오지 않은 줄 몰랐어요

중국사람 인 줄 몰랐어요

Hint 6

I did not know, I knew, I thought, I was under the impression. Expresses something the speaker was not aware of or did not anticipate or expresses something the speaker had assumed to be the case, expresses realization that his or her assumption was correct.

Front 7

(으) ㄹ 지도 모르다

(으) ㄹ 지 모르다

Back 7

비가 올지도 몰라요

요즘 일이 많아서 다 못 읽었을지도 몰라요.

도서관에 있을지도 몰라요

못 들었을지 몰라요

Hint 7

Used to indicate the speakers view that something might happen or could possibly occur.

Front 8

기는 하지만 - 기는 지만

긴 하는데 - 긴 했는데

Back 8

아프긴 하지만

읽기는 읽었지만

좋긴 좋은데

먹기는 먹었는데

잘하긴 뭐 잘해 ㅋㅋ

Hint 8

This expression is used when the speaker recognizes or acknowledges the content of the first clause but then wants to express a different view or stance in the following clause.

Front 9

(으) ㄴ/는 반면에

Back 9

일은 많은 반면에 월급은 적어서 회사를 옮길까 해요

Hint 9

(On the other hand)On the other hand. Usually only written in newspapers and other formal places. Not spoken commonly.

Front 10

(으) ㄴ/는데도

Back 10

옷장에 옷이 이렇게 많은데도 또 옷을 산다고?

적었는데도

적은데도

먹었는데도

먹는데도

먹을건데도

Hint 10

This grammar form is used to introduce a clause that indicates an opposite or an unexpected state of affairs when compared to the information given in the preceding clause.

Front 11

서술체

Back 11

갔다

마셨다

먹었다

된다

만나고싶다

Hint 11

Used in writing journal and such.

Front 12

거든요

Back 12

맛있거든요

못 잤거든요

Hint 12

This expression is used to respond to a question or to add a statement the speaker has already made to provide the reason or thinking behind the answer of the statement. The listener has no knowledge of the reason or facts being stated by the speaker. Only used in conversation, not written. Also not used in formal situations like presentations.

Front 13

잖아요

Back 13

멋있잖아

공부했잖아

Hint 13

This grammar form is used when the speaker wants to state a reason that the listener should also be aware of or when the speaker wants to remind the listener of a reason that he or she has apparently forgotten. It can also be used to scold or rebuke the listener for not heeding the speakers advice or for allowing something bad to happen even after being warned about it.

Front 14

느라고

느라

Back 14

어제밤 축구를 보느라고 숙제를 못 했어요

Hint 14

This grammar form indicates that the statement given in the preceding clause is the reason for, or cause of, the following clause. Almost always negative. Subject must be the same in both particles, no propositive and imperative forms (갑시다/가십시오) subjects will must be involved in first clause.

Front 15

는 바람에

Back 15

태풍이 오는 바람에 비행기가 취소했다

급하게 먹는 바람에 체했어

Hint 15

This expression is used when the preceding clause describes the cause or reason for the statement in the following clause. Usually, the preceding clause describes a situation or circumstance that negatively influences the following clause or that causes an unexpected or unwanted result. Only verbs. Must be past tense.

Negative situations only.

Front 16

(으) ㄴ/는 탓에

(으) ㄴ/는 탓이다

Back 16

성격이 급한 탓에 실수가 잦은 것 같아요.

비가 많이 오는 탓에 한강 다리 몇 개가 통제되었대.

그 배우가 폐암에 걸린 것은 담배를 많이 피운 탓입니다

비쌌던 탓에 (A 과거)

비싼 탓에 (A 현재)

간 탓에 (V 과거)

가는 탓에 (V 현제)

Hint 16

Indicates that the preceding clause is the cause or reason why the negative event described in the following clause occurred. Only negative situations. No positive situations.

Front 17

고 해서 (Not used often)

Back 17

피곤하고 해서 약속을 취소했습니다 ~ 돈도 없고 해서 오늘은 집에 있으려고 하비다

Hint 17

This expression means that the reason given in the preceding clause is jut one of a number of reasons for the behavior described in the following clause. The speaker uses this phrase to state the primary reason for doing the action in the folloinw glcause while also indicating that there are other reasons. In this way, the speaker only hints at the other reasons and does not explicity state them. Its also has the feeling of an excuse. like 겸사겸사 as well there are more reasons.

Front 18

(으) ㄹ 까봐

Back 18

길이 막혀서 니가 기차를 놓쳤을까봐 걱정했거든 ~ 옷이 좀 작을까봐 걱정했는데 맞는다니 다행이네요 ~ 이따 회의 시간에 졸까봐 마시는거야

Hint 18

This expression indicates that the speaker did, or is doing, the action in the folling clause out of worry or fear that the situation or action in the preceding clause has occurred or ill occur. Don't use this form ith a hypothetical clause it doesn't make sense. Can also be used as (으) ㄹ 까 봐서 but this is less natural.

Front 19

다고요

Back 19

비가 온다고요?

Hint 19

Refer to the pics bro

Front 20

다고 하던데

Back 20

먹었다고 하던데 ~ 먹을 거라고 하던데 ~ 작다고 하던데 ~ 간다고 하던데 ~ 먹는다고 하던데 ~ 의가였다고 하던데 학생이었다고 하던데 ~

Hint 20

This expression is a combination of 는다고 하다 indicating a citation, and 던데 indicating recollection. It is used when recalling or confirming something you heard somebody else say previously. Thus the correct form of this expression also depends on the sentence type of what was heard previously. The clause that follows thi expression can indicate the spakers opinion, question, advice, or invitation with respect to the topic under discussion ~ pics bro pics ~ you can get rid of 고 - 하 turning thi into 추워진다던데. can also be used to oppose something one has heard just l.ike 는데 은데 but using the recollection piece of 던데

Front 21

다면서요

Back 21

남자 치구가랑 헤어졌다면서요?

먹는다면서요?

먹을 거라며서요?

많다면서요?

먹었다면서요?

Hint 21

(Is it true that?)This expression is used to confirm with another person something that the speaker heard previously from a third party or learned bout from some other source. The shortened form 다며? can be used for 반말 cannot be used when the speaker directly saw or experienced something.

Front 22

다니요?

Back 22

저분이 사장님이시라니요?

벌써 가자니요?

Hint 22

(I can't believe) This expression is used when the speaker is surprised by or cannot believe what another person has said. It indicates the speakers emotion and feeling of surprise or disbelief while repeating the relevant information. Can be used in the middle of a sentence like this = 윤호가 회사를 그만두었다니 믿을수가 없어.

Front 23

(으) ㄹ 까 하다

안 (으) ㄹ 까 하다

하지 말까 하다

Back 23

친구들과 같이 감겹살을 구워 먹을까 해요.

다음달부터 요가를 배울까 해요.

오랜만에 찌질방에 갈까 하는데 같이 갈래요?

Hint 23

(I'm thinking about doing ~~~) This expression is used to indicate the speaker's vague intention or rough plan that has yet to be finalized and could therefore still change. Only used with declarative sentences and not with interrogative, imperative, or propositive. Not future tense.

Front 24

고자

고자 하다

Back 24

저, 부탁을 좀 드리고자 전화 드렸습니다

부모님께 드리고자 이 물건을 구입했습니다

우리는 그 회사와 계약을 안 하고자 합니다

Hint 24

This expression indicates that the preceding clause contains the speakers intention or purpose for doing the action stated in the following clause. It is mainly used in official situations, such as when giving a speech or writing a report. Sounds super weird in casual convo. Subject must be the same in both clauses. No past or future tense in 1st clause.

Front 25

(으) 려던 참이다

(으) 려던 참이었다

(으) 려던 참에

Back 25

배가 고파서 라면을 끓이려던 참인데 같이 먹을래요?

커피를 마시려던 참이었는데 같이 마실래요?

내가 전화를 하려던 참에 어머니가 전화를 하셨어요.

Hint 25

This expression is ued to express the fct that not only had the speaker been intending to do the very thing the other person is suggeting, but that he or she was either just about to do it at that very moment or intended to do so very soon. It can only be used with verbs. 참이었다 means the person was intending on doing the action before the time of conversation. 참이다 means the speaker was just about to do the action at that very minute. No future tense. 마치/안그래도/그렇지않아도 can also be used at the beginning of the sentence to 강조. 참에 means about to do something but then it happened anyway.

Front 26

(으) ㄹ 겸 (으) ㄹ 겸

(으) ㄹ 겸 해서

Back 26

한국 친구도 가귈 겸 한국말도 배울 겸 한국에 왔어요

요즘 살도 뺄 겸 해서 운동을 하고 있어요.

Hint 26

This expression is used to indicate the speakers intention to do at least two actions or behaviors. (And also) (Also)

This expression (으) ㄹ 겸 해서 can be used to express the speaker is choosing only one of two or more intentions to do something. This expression allows the other person to infer that the speaker has other intentions even though they are not explicitly explained or stated. (Amoungst other reasons or things)

Front 27

아/어야지요

아/어야지

았/었아야지

Back 27

그럼 나도 봐야지

wow 해야지

Hint 27

This expression is used when the speaker is making a promise to oneself, making a decision to do something, or simply expressing such n intention. It i also used when thinking or speaking to oneself.

았/었아야지 conveys a sense of scolding or rebuking the other person for not doing something that should have already been done.

Front 28

(으) ㄹ 만하다

Back 28

정말 먹을 만했어요

한국에서 가 볼만한 곳을 좀 추친해 주시겄어요?

입을만해서 안버렸어요

Hint 28

This expression is used to indicate that something i wroth doing. Thus, it is mostly used to recommend something to someone else. It is also used to indicate that while the speaker is not completely satisfied with something, it is still worth doing or paying attention to. So tone of voice is important.

Front 29

도록 하다

Back 29

건강에 안 좋으니까 담배를 끊도록 하세요.

그럼 내일 10시에 회의하도록 합시다

네 열심히 공부하도록 하겠습니다

Hint 29

This expression is used to instruct or suggest a course of action to someone. It is stronger than 아/어 보세요. It is used to give advice or make a suggestion a bit more softly than what can be expressed using (으)세요. Must be used with 니까 is stating a reason.

Front 30

지 그래요

Back 30

그럼 선생님께 여쭤 보지 그래요

길을 잘 모르면 택시를 타지 그래

자꾸 고장이 나면 수리만 하지 말고 새 걸로 바꾸지 그래

Hint 30

Basically "why don't you"

This expression is used to suggest that someone do something. It is a much weaker and softer expression than 도록 하다 and other suggestive grammar particles. IMPORTANT* When stating a reason in the preceding clause 니까 must be used NOT 아/어서.

Front 31

던

Back 31

옆집에 살던 사람은 지난 주말에 이사했어요

우리가 가던 식당에 사 볼까요?

아까 제가 마시던 커피를 버렸어?

이 자동차는 아버지다가 타시던 거에요

Hint 31

This expression is used when recollecting a behavior or habitual act that was repeated regularly over a certain period of time. However, it must refer to something that happened repeatedly in the past but has not continued until the present. It is used in front of nouns. Often used with 여러 번, 자주, 가끔, 항상. Also used to indicate the recollection of something that was started in the past but has not ended yet. In such cases it is used together with a word indicating a specific time or day in the past such as 지난달, 지난주, 어제, 아까 or 저번에. NOT USED for things that only happen once and do not repeat.

읽은 책 (I read all of it)

읽던 책 (Not done reading yet)

Front 32

더라고요

더라 (더군요)

했더라고요

Back 32

아까 약속이 있다고 급하게 나가더라고요.

한국에는 정말 사이 많더라고요

Hint 32

This expression is used to express the speakers recollection that he or she directly saw, heard, or felt some prior event or action. The subject can never be the speaker. This expression is only used to state something the speaker learned for the first time. NOT something already known. the first person subject can be used when expressing a person's mood, emotion, or feelings. When the third person is used. the form A+아/어하다 must be used. 예들어서 속상해하시더라고요.

Front 33

던데요

했던데요

Back 33

저는 지난 시험보다 더 어렵던데요

한국 음식을 아주 잘 먹던데요

은행원이던데?

지은이 좋은 사람 같아 보이던데 한번 만나 봐.

어제는 많이 춥던데 오늘은 따뜻하네요.

Hint 33

This expression is the combined form of 더 which indicate recollection and (으)ㄴ데요. Its used when expressing something contradictory to what the other person has just said or when expressing the speakers feelings of surprise toward a past event or particular situation. Can also be used mid sentence as a clause link.

Front 34

피동사 (이/히/리/기)

Back 34

문을 열어요 (Opens the door)

문이 열렸어요 (The door opened)

문이 열려 있어요. (The door is open)

Hint 34

Passive form: Used when subjects action or behavior occurs either because of an action performed by someone else or because of some other indirect action performed by some person or thing.

Front 35

아/어지다

Back 35

약속이 정해지면 알려주세요

글씨가 잘 안 써져요

커피가 다 쏟아져서 가방에 얼룩이 생겼어요

Hint 35

This expression is also used when the subjects action or behavior occurs either because of an action performed by someone else or because of some other indirect action performed by some person or thing.

Front 36

게 되다

게 되었어요 - 아님 - 게 됐어요

Back 36

한국으로 유학을 외서 작년부터 서울에 살게 되었어요.

친구가 이 가게를 좋아하니까 저도 자주 오게 돼요.

Hint 36

This expression is used to express the passive in cases in which the subject's will or intention is not involved. This expression is also used when the speaker wants to tell another person something that happened to him or her in an indirect and gentle manner. Using such forms allows conversations with others to progress more smoothly compared to when more direct expressions are used. 예들어서 이번 학기에는 재가 장학금을 받게 되었습니다.

Front 37

사동사 (이/히/리/기/우/추)

Back 37

오빠가 진주를 울렸건든요

속이다

녹이다

끓기다

and way more

Hint 37

Causative - Refer to pics. So many examples. Sometimes Passive (피동사) and causative are the same. So they must be understood by context alone. 예들어서 "이 책은 많은 사람들에게 읽혔다" The book has been read by many people and "선생님은 영수에거 책을 읽혔다 the teacher made 영수 read the book. Most common identical 피동사 and 사동사 are 보이다, 들리다, 읽히다, and 씻기다.

Front 38

게 하다

못 - 게 하다

게 만들다

Back 38

한시간이나 기다리게 하면 어떻게??

나를 행복하게 해요.

요즘 나를 우울하게 하는 일들이 많이 생겼어요.

부모님은 제가 밤늦게 못 나사게 하셨어요.

Hint 38

This expression is used to indicate that the subject makes someone else do some behavior. It is formed by adding 게 하다 to the verb stem.

Front 39

아/어야

아/어야지 (casual speech)

아/어야만 (speeches and reports)

Back 39

건강해야 무슨 일이든지 할수 있지

한국말을 잘해야 한국에서 살기가 편하니까요.

우리 학교 학생이라야 이 사이트에 가입할 수 있습니다

아무리 이야기해야 친구

Hint 39

(The only way) (Only a person who)

In this expression, the preceding clause states the condition(s) necessary to realize the situation stated int he following clause. No Past tense. No 십시오 or 갑시다. The expressions 이어야/여야 and 이라야/라야 can also be used in the negative as 아니어야 and 아니라야. Can also be used to indicate the failure of expecting the result described in the following clause regardless of what action is described in the preceding clause.