Down syndrome, also called Trisomy 21, is a congenital disorder resulting in abnormal development of the brain, causing mental retardation in varying degrees (Carlson, N. R., 530). Down syndrome is the most frequent human birth defect. Mother’s age, in most cases the mothers ova functions differently causing her to produce two (rather than one) twenty-first chromosomes. When fertilization occurs, the father’s twenty-first chromosome makes three rather than two. Down syndrome causes developmental and intellectual delays. More than two hundred thousand births, one in seven hundred, cases in the U.S. per year. It cannot be cured, but treatment is helpful. Common physical signs included flattened nose, small ears and mouth, and upward slanting
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The basal ganglia volumes have been reported to be normal in adults with Down syndrome. The method in this article had sixteen individual subjects, eleven males and five females. Using an MRI machine to scan the measures of regional and overall brain volumes, including tissue. The results showed that the mean total of the brain volume was 18% smaller in those who have Down syndrome. With interest in reaching both gray and white matter, the cerebellar volumes were smaller for both gray matter. The tissue volumes in the superior temporal gyrus gray matter found no difference, but the superior temporal gyrus white matter was significantly …show more content…
We understand that Down syndrome is compared with the prenatal defects of the cortical lamination, vertical superior temporal gyrus and the brain pathology that shows signs in the early postnatal development (Yamakawa, 1). The chromosome band 21q22 to D21S267 to DS phenotypes, which includes: mental retardation, microcephaly and congenital heart disease. Prenatal defects of cortical lamination, vertical superior temporal gyrus and gross brain pathology emerge during early postnatal development. The congenital gut disease includes Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), which is the absence of the enteric ganglia. HSCR is believed to be caused by the failure of neural crest cell migration during the embryonic weeks (6-12). Results with DS versus normal controls showed DS had a smaller cerebral and cerebellar hemisphere, ventral pons, but larger parahippocampal
The basal ganglia volumes have been reported to be normal in adults with Down syndrome. The method in this article had sixteen individual subjects, eleven males and five females. Using an MRI machine to scan the measures of regional and overall brain volumes, including tissue. The results showed that the mean total of the brain volume was 18% smaller in those who have Down syndrome. With interest in reaching both gray and white matter, the cerebellar volumes were smaller for both gray matter. The tissue volumes in the superior temporal gyrus gray matter found no difference, but the superior temporal gyrus white matter was significantly …show more content…
We understand that Down syndrome is compared with the prenatal defects of the cortical lamination, vertical superior temporal gyrus and the brain pathology that shows signs in the early postnatal development (Yamakawa, 1). The chromosome band 21q22 to D21S267 to DS phenotypes, which includes: mental retardation, microcephaly and congenital heart disease. Prenatal defects of cortical lamination, vertical superior temporal gyrus and gross brain pathology emerge during early postnatal development. The congenital gut disease includes Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), which is the absence of the enteric ganglia. HSCR is believed to be caused by the failure of neural crest cell migration during the embryonic weeks (6-12). Results with DS versus normal controls showed DS had a smaller cerebral and cerebellar hemisphere, ventral pons, but larger parahippocampal