III- Case Formulation
A- Therapeutic Process
-Goals: Derek´s perception of his sexual orientation may be confusing as he stated that he was not sure about his sexuality. A mix of feelings was evidence based on his narrative (“I´m not sure If I´m gay, I don´t know). By the same token, the meaning that Derek gave to his sexual orientation was influenced by the conflicting attitudes and behaviours that his family, classmates, and teachers showed towards his identity category (heterosexual-homosexual). Derek does not fit into the dominant category (Abes, 2007). Then he expressed confusion around his identity. According to Snap, Hoening, Fields, & Russell (2015), the stigma and discrimination related to homosexuality are the origin of “differential …show more content…
How the supremacy of “heteronormative patriarchy constructs dominant notions of sex, gender, and sexual orientation in very oppressive ways” (Meyer, 2008, p. 556). One of the therapy goals (1) is to increase Derek´s skills in coping with sexual stigma and to increase his skills in managing his identity. Queer theory stresses that heterosexuality is socially constructed as the main and unique sexual orientation so it becomes unseen (Robinson, & Ferfolja, 2008). In fact, discrimination and oppression lead to suicide ideation, “high risk sexual behaviour”, conflicts related to coming out to family, school, and friends, and substance abuse, and lack of trust in people (Marshal et al., 2011, p. 116). Derek has been straggling with all mentioned previously, so (2) Derek needs to be able to normalize his sexual orientation and fight against heteronormative expectations (family, classmates, and friends) to generate a safe space and increase resilience (Fox & Ore, 2010). (3) It is also indispensable that Derek is able to create alliances with LGBTQ groups, heterosexual allies, and school equity staff to give to his sexual sexual orientation a visible face and feel supported (Rayside, 2014). Furthermore, (4) reducing the effect of homophobia, constructing a “proud identity” (Rayside, 2014, p. 190) and maintaining sexual responsibility (safer sex choices), is one …show more content…
Derek also shares his stories in a fluid conversation and develops his own understanding of his present situation (Roscoe, Carson, & Madoc-Jones, 2011). In addition, Derek is open to question and deconstruct assumptions taken for granted, and work in the development of new understandings (Roscoe et al., 2011).
B- Intervention Plan (Methods and Techniques)
-Ecomap: “When working with identity development the ecomap can be very helpful” (Logan, Freeman, & McRoy, 1987, as cited in…). It will allow Derek to analyze his relationships to internal (nuclear and extended family) and external networks (friends, school, community, health centre, bar, etc.). Likewise, Derek will be able to identify networks of support and his different identities (social location) by a visual interpretation.
-Socratic questioning: This technique promotes self-reflection and facilitates critical consciousness (Neenan, 2009). By working with socratic questions Derek will self-analyse his sexuality and dominant identity categories, which imply the meaning of normality. Thus, Derek will be able to question and challenge fixed identity classifications, the systemic barriers and the power structures around
A- Therapeutic Process
-Goals: Derek´s perception of his sexual orientation may be confusing as he stated that he was not sure about his sexuality. A mix of feelings was evidence based on his narrative (“I´m not sure If I´m gay, I don´t know). By the same token, the meaning that Derek gave to his sexual orientation was influenced by the conflicting attitudes and behaviours that his family, classmates, and teachers showed towards his identity category (heterosexual-homosexual). Derek does not fit into the dominant category (Abes, 2007). Then he expressed confusion around his identity. According to Snap, Hoening, Fields, & Russell (2015), the stigma and discrimination related to homosexuality are the origin of “differential …show more content…
How the supremacy of “heteronormative patriarchy constructs dominant notions of sex, gender, and sexual orientation in very oppressive ways” (Meyer, 2008, p. 556). One of the therapy goals (1) is to increase Derek´s skills in coping with sexual stigma and to increase his skills in managing his identity. Queer theory stresses that heterosexuality is socially constructed as the main and unique sexual orientation so it becomes unseen (Robinson, & Ferfolja, 2008). In fact, discrimination and oppression lead to suicide ideation, “high risk sexual behaviour”, conflicts related to coming out to family, school, and friends, and substance abuse, and lack of trust in people (Marshal et al., 2011, p. 116). Derek has been straggling with all mentioned previously, so (2) Derek needs to be able to normalize his sexual orientation and fight against heteronormative expectations (family, classmates, and friends) to generate a safe space and increase resilience (Fox & Ore, 2010). (3) It is also indispensable that Derek is able to create alliances with LGBTQ groups, heterosexual allies, and school equity staff to give to his sexual sexual orientation a visible face and feel supported (Rayside, 2014). Furthermore, (4) reducing the effect of homophobia, constructing a “proud identity” (Rayside, 2014, p. 190) and maintaining sexual responsibility (safer sex choices), is one …show more content…
Derek also shares his stories in a fluid conversation and develops his own understanding of his present situation (Roscoe, Carson, & Madoc-Jones, 2011). In addition, Derek is open to question and deconstruct assumptions taken for granted, and work in the development of new understandings (Roscoe et al., 2011).
B- Intervention Plan (Methods and Techniques)
-Ecomap: “When working with identity development the ecomap can be very helpful” (Logan, Freeman, & McRoy, 1987, as cited in…). It will allow Derek to analyze his relationships to internal (nuclear and extended family) and external networks (friends, school, community, health centre, bar, etc.). Likewise, Derek will be able to identify networks of support and his different identities (social location) by a visual interpretation.
-Socratic questioning: This technique promotes self-reflection and facilitates critical consciousness (Neenan, 2009). By working with socratic questions Derek will self-analyse his sexuality and dominant identity categories, which imply the meaning of normality. Thus, Derek will be able to question and challenge fixed identity classifications, the systemic barriers and the power structures around