A year after the USADA’s ruling, Armstrong finally confessed during an interview with Oprah Winfrey that he had used banned substances and had blood doped during his career. Although he admitted to cheating, in January 2015, during an interview with BBC, Armstrong admitted that if he had to do it all over again, he would probably use banned substances and dope yet again. A few months later in July 2015, …show more content…
Cognitive theories have a multitude of sub-theories that typically explore motivation, decision making and other internal processes. Some of these sub theories include Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development, Theories of Intelligence and Cognitive Dissonance Theory. (Cherry, "Psychology Theories (Cognitive, Behavioral & More)”). While all of these theories cover different aspects of an individual’s cognition, Cognitive Dissonance is a theory that underscore’s many of Lance Armstrong’s actions and explains how his public portrayal and private activities, while often conflicting, could coincide harmoniously allowing him to achieve …show more content…
Individuals are not born with this innate knowledge of what is right and what is wrong. Instead morality is something that is taught and learned over time and can be influenced by culture and social interactions. In 1958, Lawrence Kohlberg developed the Theory of Moral Development and his theory was an expansion to Jean Piaget’s Theory on Moral Development. Kohlberg defined six stages of morality: Obedience and Punishment Orientation, Individualism and Exchange, good interpersonal relationships, Maintaining the social order, Social contract and individual rights and Universal principles. Each of these six stages he grouped into three levels: Pre-conventional morality, Conventional Morality and Post Conventional morality (McLeod, "Kohlberg - Moral Development | Simply Psychology"). For the most part, each of these stages corresponds to an individual’s age; however, “it seems that reasoning about right and wrong depends more upon the situation than upon general rules. When we exam Armstrong’s life we can see that the path of his moral development began at the pre-conventional level and over time matured to the post conventional level. (McLeod, "Kohlberg - Moral Development | Simply