Cold Experiments

Improved Essays
World War II brought upon humanity countless atrocities; especially those committed by the Third Reich. During the Holocaust many Nazi scientists were allowed to conduct unspeakable and awful experiments on subjects that in most cases, did not volunteer. A notorious example of these is experiments are the “cold experiments”, conducted to see how the human body reacted to hypothermia conditions (Lagnado). These experiments and tests did reap results and data that proved to be useful. Dr. Strughold, who is believed to be involved in these experiments, made incredible advances in space medicine and was even given the name “Father of Space Medicine” (Lagnado). Because of these advances they created a yearly award in his name, the Hubertus Strughold Award (Lagnado). Arguments have been raised on whether or not to keep his name in the award because of …show more content…
Strughold, failed to be convicted of any war crimes. Lucette Lagnado addresses this in her article, “A Scientist’s Nazi-Era Past Haunts Prestigious Space Prize” saying, “In America, the U.S. Justice Department investigated him at several junctures but never found sufficient grounds for prosecution.” (Lagnado). Society does not have the ability to examine exactly what happened during the cold experiments; so it is in trusted to the court system to investigate and prosecute accordingly. The fact that the Justice Department could not find sufficient evidence to convict Dr. Strughold, proves the argument that he is innocent of war crimes. If it is assumed that the court system cannot be trusted, then what is the purpose of their existence. Also, if this case is seen as wrongfully ruled, then what is to keep society from saying that all court cases handled by the justice department are wrong? There has to be faith in the justice department and since they failed to find sufficient evidence to convict Dr. Strughold it must be assumed he is

Related Documents

  • Decent Essays

    The courts biggest issues were trying to decide whether a trial court’s erroneous deprivation of a criminal defendant’s choice of counsel entitles him to a reversal of his conviction and should proving the sixth Amendment right to proceed with the counsel of choice depend on whether the deprivation of that right also resulted in compromising a defendants’ right to a fair trial. The majority opinion did not apply the Strickland test because they felt that the defendant could not show or give any reason as to why he felt the counsel was ineffective and that the counsels performance was poorly presented and deficient and the defendant was prejudiced by it. What the Strickland test is actually intended for is that the government must contend that the defendant must at least demonstrate that his counsel of choice would have pursued a different strategy and would have created a :reasonable probability”. In court cases the course can be split into two structures; trial errors and structural errors. Most constitutional errors are trial errors that occur “during the presentation to the jury,” and courts have discretion in deciding whether these trial errors are harmless and warrant a new trial.…

    • 556 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The Wrongful Conviction of Steven Truscott It was the evening of June 9, 1959 when 14-year-old Steven Truscott had been seen giving 12-year-old classmate, Lynne Harper, a ride on the handlebars of his bike (Makin, 2016). The two separated at the intersection of County Road and Highway 8 (Harland-Logan, n.d.), only for Harper’s father to report his daughter missing shortly after (Harland-Logan, n.d.). Her body was found near a wooded area called Lawson’s Bush on June 11, 1959 (Makin, 2016), and she had been sexually assaulted and strangled to death (Harland-Logan, n.d.). Four days later, Steven Truscott was charged with the murder of Lynne Harper (Harland-Logan, n.d.).…

    • 1768 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Fritz Haber was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1918 for "improving the standards of agriculture and the well-being of mankind". Yet the same process that landed him the highest honor for saving many lives ended up taking just as many away. He threw himself into the World War I by making bombs out of the love of his country. In the Radiolab Podcast about Haber and "What's Eating America" by Michael Pollard talks about how hard it is to place Haber under the category of good or evil. Although his actions may seem ambiguous, his contribution to science was more good than bad.…

    • 700 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Kosher Ice Experiment

    • 60 Words
    • 1 Pages

    To begin my experiment, I will buy kosher salt, sea salt, iodized salt, table salt, rock salt, and Styrofoam cups from Walmart, Winn Dixie, or Fresh Market. For consistent samples and to ensure no variations that could change results, instead of taking cubes of ice from a freezer, I will freeze exactly one cup of water per batch of…

    • 60 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In a 1919 Supreme Court case, the Supreme Court ruled that Charles Schenck committed crimes against the United States. In a 9-0 vote, they ruled that he violated the “Espionage Act. ”1 The Espionage Act forbade anything that could reduce morale or interfere with the draft. The researcher believes that although the Supreme Court violated the Espionage Act, the Supreme Court made the correct decision.…

    • 767 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    How Did Radiation Change

    • 885 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Medicine Changed by Radiation Radiation has changed over the years and wasn’t even known to be used in medicine until after it was used in the military in World War II. It was discovered by a German scientist but then the possibilities of all the things it could be used for was discovered by a Polish-born French scientist. Radiation changed medicine for the better by killing off cancerous, disease ridden germs and cells, this is significant because it changed the way we look at treatment. In 1895, radiation had just been discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, a professor at Wuerzburg University in Germany. ("History of Radiography").…

    • 885 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Big Freeze Lab Report

    • 435 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Last week in science class we worked on a lab called the Big Freeze. The objection of the project was to make a cooler and try to keep a block of ice frozen for 24 hours. For my cooler, I used a cardboard box, and put my ice container right in the middle of it and taped it down. Then I put bubble wrap on top of the ice container. After that I put a layer of aluminum foil on the bubble wrap and then put cotton balls and extra styrofoam on top of the foil.…

    • 435 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Brandon Thai 5/17/17 Freezing Point Depression Abstract The freezing temperature of pure Cyclohexane and a solution of Biphenyl and Cyclohexane was determined. This was done by examining the temperature curves for each solution. The freezing temperature for pure cyclohexane was determined to be 7.3 degrees celsius and the mixture of Biphenyl and Cyclohexane was 2.07 degrees celsius.…

    • 323 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Cold Working Lab

    • 551 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The primary focus of the lab was to understand the process and effects of cold working and annealing compared to a baseline sample. Cold working is a form of strain hardening in which metals are worked through the use of applied pressure, thereby making the metal harder[]. This applied pressure led to harder material by creating linear defects known as dislocations. The specific type of dislocation that occurred in this lab was an edge dislocation where an extra plane of atoms was inserted into the crystal structure. If enough pressure is applied on the material, a permanent deformation stemming from dislocations can occur, known as plastic deformation.…

    • 551 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Operation Paperclip left a questionable impression on society (Lewis). The US government mistakenly allowed the circumstances of the after-effects of World War II to overcome their morals and as a result, the integration of the Nazi scientists corrupted the…

    • 1013 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Essay On Cryoprotection

    • 1581 Words
    • 7 Pages
    • 8 Works Cited

    Since most of the human body is made of water and by lowering the body below the freezing point of water will result in massive ice formation. Cryonic facilities can’t simply put patients into a vat of liquid nitrogen because their cells would freeze and simply shatter. Because of this reason, patients are protected from ice damage by using a mixture or agent (sort of a human antifreeze) to reduce, or even eliminate, ice formation. Conventional bypass technologies are used to circulate the solution throughout the body. When enough water is replaced with the agent, the patient is maintained at cryogenic temperatures for long-term care.…

    • 1581 Words
    • 7 Pages
    • 8 Works Cited
    Great Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Freezing Point Lab Report

    • 2260 Words
    • 10 Pages

    Freezing point is the temperature for a particular compound where the liquid freezes to form a solid (Chemistry Dictionary). If salt is added to water, it freezes at lower temperatures. If there are fewer water molecules, then freezing occurs at a slower rate (Salt and the Freezing Point of Water). Pure water freezes at 0º Celsius, but water that is combined with salt will freeze at a temperature less than 0º Celsius (Oleson, Andrew and Daly, Terik). A solvent is something in which other things can be dissolved (Chemical Dictionary).…

    • 2260 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The purpose of this experiment was to learn techniques to determine the freezing point of a pure benzophenone, a solvent. Furthermore, methods for determining the freezing point depression in relation to the solute, cyclohexanone, concentration were employed in addition to learning what molality is and how it related to the colligative properties being studied. These objectives were achieved by melting both pure benzophenone and benzophenone/cyclohexanone solutions (two solutions with different concentrations of the solvent, benzophenone) and recording the temperature as a function of time (intervals of 10 seconds) while each cooled. The times and temperatures were then plotted to generate freezing point curves for each solution, these graphs…

    • 929 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Hot Ice Experiment

    • 265 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The theoretical concepts that underlie the Hot Ice experiment involve a supercooled, supersaturated aqueous solution becoming a solid. When a liquid is cooled beyond its freezing point but remains liquid is known as supercooling or undercooling, and being supersaturated occurs when the solutes in a solution exceed the saturation point. The sodium acetate in a supercooled state will rapidly change into a solid with the addition of physical energy or a nucleation site. During the transformation of the liquid supercooled solution into solid crystalline formation produces heat in an exothermic reaction, hence the name hot ice.…

    • 265 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Ice Cubes Lab Report

    • 1236 Words
    • 5 Pages

    HYPOTHESIS: As the ice cubes melt in the warm water, the melted water from the ice should flow towards the bottom of the cup because the melted colder water is denser than the surrounding water. PURPOSE: The purpose of this experiment is to improve my ability to observe an experiment. In addition, it will help aid me in making proper observations while also drawing conclusions. RAW MATERIALS:…

    • 1236 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays