Summary: The American Indian Human Rights Movement

Great Essays
The twentieth century lead to changes never seen before in the American Indian human rights movement. After a great struggle between scientific establishment and the Indian human rights group in 1990, the Native American Graves protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) was made (Watson, 2017; Fine-Dare, 2002). This was the most significant part of the civil and human rights quest of the American Indians enacted in the twentieth century. Grave belongings and skeletons that collected dust in museums during the period would come home as Indian graves were kept from desecration. A case that tested the claim “who owns the past?” focused to debate opposing opinions between various parties. The 900 year old skeleton discovered on the banks of river …show more content…
In towns and cities of the United States, Americans Indians who were protesting did not celebrate the arrival of Columbus save their survival. The Indian population viewed him as one who creates racism among them and credited him the first explorer who led the destruction of the American people (Mihesuah, 2013). When European American made good relationships with Native Americans, several impressions and attitudes were formed. However, it does not depend on the number of positive perceptions formulated to depict the nature of American Indians. The historical image of Noble savage seemed to be courteous, hospitable and friendly. The Indian family lived a simple and innocent life. Explorers perceived Indians as with an ignoble image, with primitive opinions and ideas. Loathsome to whites is one the characteristics of Ignoble savage. According to Europeans, philosophically and scientifically, they believe that the Indian population would never fully comprehend the concepts of politics, Christianity and skills of a civilized economy. The description of Native Americans by President Jackson based on current scientific data and ignorance was all about the capacities of different races (Mihesuah, …show more content…
In addressing the conflict, the government should come up with new rules and regulations that controls scientific knowledge of the American Heritage. It should show concern to solve the conflicts between the American Indians and the anthropologist brought out by the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. Through its agencies, it should guarantee that Americans abandon their archeological professional pursuits and respect the ancestral remains and religious beliefs of people. This will warrant more respect required essential to study physical, social and cultural customs of other tribes. The Government should recognize and improve NAGPRA because it is able to prove ad warrant long-term success of archeological investigations. For example NAGPRA lead to the end of Native America ill scientific beliefs through debate and discussions. The Government should put effort to end current conflict between the anthropologist and American Indians before ownership is resolved. It should educate tribal groups in order to explain to them what they should expect during archaeological surveys (The U.S. Congress, 1990; McManamon,

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    One main focus of AIM was to protect the Native American people from police harassment. This was the when the foundation of the American Indian Movement began. The main aim of the American Indian Movement was to bring attention to the discriminations against Native Americans. The members of the American Indian movement wanted to change the perception of Native American people. If more attention was brought to Native Americans, such as media then that offered a piece of protection to those Native Americans.…

    • 807 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    NAGPRA Research Paper

    • 129 Words
    • 1 Pages

    NAGPRA is an acronym for the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990. NAGPRA was established to consolidate native and nonnative concerns across the United States regarding the treatment of skeletal remains. Under NAGPRA, native burial/ grave sites located on federal or tribal properties are protected, tribal authority is recognized on federal or tribal properties, and all skeletal remains/ funerary objects must be inventoried and culturally-affiliated groups must be consulted with in regards to ownership. Moreover, NAGPRA provides a federally recognized tribe authority over human remains if “a shared group identity” is identified. Therefore, under NAGPRA if a museum curates’ human remains and a federally recognized tribe…

    • 129 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Daniel M. Cobb's Native Activism in Cold War America: The Struggle for Sovereignty examines an often overlooked side of the American Indian Movement (AIM). This book is Cobb’s argument against the "tendency to fixate on AIM" throughout history. Cobb states that his attempt is to "decenter and resituate [AIM] within a larger context of Native political action." (2) Cobb is not looking to take away from everything that the American Indian Movement has fought for, instead he wants to bring attention to the many other Native American political activists who may have been forgotten or overlooked through the years.…

    • 583 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Marshall Trilogy, which is comprised of three Supreme Court cases that took place during the early nineteenth century, was a significant influence in the formation of federal Indian Law. Through observing the language of federal Indian policy at this point in history, such as in the Marshall Trilogy, one can acquire a greater understanding of how Indian Nations were treated by the United States, and as a result see the ongoing negative effects that it has had on Native American society in present times. First, it is necessary to establish the manner in which Indian Nations were addressed by the Supreme Court. There is a notable distinction between Johnson vs. McIntosh and the Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia in how the Native American people…

    • 592 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    When one considers the actions of the famous Christopher Columbus or Amerdigo Vespucci, one is normally opted to recall one or both of them as the man who discovered the United States of America. However, as history clearly shows, this is not the case for either one of these famous explorers; the lands that would become the United States had been discovered and inhabited long before either of their voyages. The Native Americans, ironically misbranded as Indians by Columbus, can trace their history of this land back much further than the colonists are able. It is no surprise, therefore, that the Native Americans are a popular subject among colonial authors. Three authors who write extensively concerning these original settlers of American Land…

    • 1466 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    NAGPRA

    • 1080 Words
    • 5 Pages

    As Europeans spread into the New World, their sense of superiority and entitlement can be found in the various laws that failed to protect the indigenous people’s culture. The passage of NAGPRA (Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act) in 1990 would slowly begin to rectify the hurt, damage, and atrocities committed in the name of science. For many Native American’s not only was their land taken, the remains of their ancestors were removed and carted off. The remains along with cultural goods became collectibles, which were studied and later displayed in many of our nation’s museums. Native inhabitants were placed on reservations, coming under further control of the Federal government.…

    • 1080 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Leslie Silko's Ceremony

    • 788 Words
    • 4 Pages

    “As the liars had fooled everyone, white people ad Indians alike”, this caused them to be susceptible to the destroyers’ plan (Silko 191). By not understanding themselves the Native Americans lost their ways. They either became stagnant and held a firm unchanging grip on tradition or abandoned the traditional ways altogether. By forgetting the truth of their ceremonies, the Native Americans experienced turmoil that manifests in Tayo’s illness and the state of the reservation. The resulting destruction came as “they had been fooling themselves, and they knew it” (Silko 191).…

    • 788 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Indian Removal, a controversy that dates back to America’s founding, has had its supporters and its critics. In 1877, the American government forced the Wal-lam-wat-kin band of the Nez Perce Indians to move from their lands and into an Indian reservation. Their chief In-mut-too-yah-lat-lat, whom Americans address by Joseph, traveled to Lincoln Hall in Washington, D.C. two years later to advocate for Indian freedom as conditions in the reservation worsened. His goal was to convince American government leaders to put an end to the deportation of Indian tribes from their homelands and treat Indians as citizens, with equal rights and obligations. Chief Joseph’s speech is very successful in persuading his audience of his thesis through its usage…

    • 1257 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The relationship between the Cherokee Indians and the Euro-Americans is one that shows the inherent destructiveness of human nature due to the Euro-American’s part in severely debilitating Cherokee culture. Traditional Cherokee culture was primarily different from the Euro-American model of “civilization.” The one way that the culture was similar was in the sedentary nature of Cherokee villages. However, Cherokees differed from Euro-Americans in concepts such as ‘living off the land’ instead of the European idea of ‘farming’, lacking a formal education system, holding a more matrilineal view on society instead of the patriarchal dominated Euro-American view, and holding religious beliefs that differed from Christianity. The Euro-Americans tried to make the Cherokee tribes ‘civilized’; however, only some components of this plan worked.…

    • 1120 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Hyeon Chung 10/24/17 SSCI 350 Personal Analysis of “In the White Man’s Image” The film “In the White Man’s Image” illustrates how white Americans wanted to civilize Native Americans. Anglo Americans, settlers who colonized United States, encroached on the land and culture of Native Americans. At that time, any hostile or violent behavior toward Whites’ intention was punished severely. Moreover, Whites believed that Native Americans needed to conform to the white way of civilization in order to live in America and thought that the way of life of Native Americans as immoral.…

    • 850 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    The tribal memoir, Bad Indians by Deborah Miranda is an intricately written body of work that recounts the social and historical story of an entire peoples. The memoir’s use of several different mediums assists in exposing all aspects of Indian life including periods of subjugation through missionization and secularization. The period labeled as “Reinvention” focuses deeply on the wave of immense interest in the study of Indian culture by white men. Miranda includes in this period a section titled “Gonaway Tribe: Field Notes” which recounts the effort of ethnologist, J. P. Harrington to obtain the Indian language through the use of native informants. The use of the term “field notes” implies that the subjects being studied are only samples…

    • 1237 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The archaeologists thought the tribes should be grateful for the science to replace their histories that were mostly based on myths. It was also frustrating to the archaeologists to have Native Americans say they, “…already knew their past through myth and spiritual communication since it was alive in the present…” (Pearson, 2008). There is not enough information about the burials because of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, or NAGPRA. This law calls for the greater protection for Native American burial sites and controls the removal process of human remains, funerary objects, and other sacred items.…

    • 811 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    For many years in the newly developing America, there was a lot of debate about what to do with the so called “Indian problem”. Americans sought out various ways to remove the Indian population from lands in the east and eventually the west too as they continued to expand. There were four primary ideas that were proposed: to exterminate the Indian population, to assimilate them into American culture, to protect them on their ancestral lands (which just wasn’t likely to happen), or to move them to distant lands (which was seen as the Christian and humane thing to do). With these concepts in mind, congress passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830 under the presidency of Andrew Jackson. This act was to then be carried out by Jackson negotiating…

    • 1004 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    From the first landing of the Spanish, Natives were innocent to what would become of their nation. Their peaceful spirits ultimately mutilated their diverse, established existence. One of the very first settlers to describe the Indians and the unfamiliar land was Thomas Morton of New England; his writing was influential to the many curious and unaware population. He writes of the Native’s devil- worship religion but also expressed respect for theirgenerosity and their indifference of “superfluous commodities” (Foner). Prior to European contact there was approximately three to seven million Native Americans (Clarke).…

    • 1052 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The contrast between indigenous people and those who voluntarily arrived by ship has been emphasized more than commonalities constructing the “ecological Indian” as a pinnacle or at the least something that “Man…” is not. The hunting practices employed by many indigenous tribes was ritualistic in nature with a right and wrong methodology to utilize (Krech 129), however, colonizers would question these practices with regards to buffalos in comparison to the European “proper” and “sporting” methods of hunting (Krech 130). Additionally, the prioritization of economic security over environmentalist concerns can be understood as very human, but increased pressure and scrutiny from outside of a reservation is placed on indigenous populations because they have been held up to the standard of an “ecological Indian” (Krech 226-227). This is another example of a socially constructed “fundamental truth” because these criticisms do not acknowledge the history that forced the tribal leaders to choose between two detrimental…

    • 1260 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays