Smoke Signals: Native American Stereotypes

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Smoke Signals is a 1998 film about Indigenous People that was loosely based on Sherman Alexie’s book, The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven. It was directed by Chris Eyre who is a member of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribe, making it the first full-length film written, directed, and co-produced by Native Americans. Smoke Signals was highly celebrated at the time of its release because of how it explores the nature of Native American stereotypes in popular cinematography by challenging them as well as playfully poking fun at them. Furthermore, this film was very important because it was one of the few films that portrayed Indigenous people in a different light by Hollywood.

In earlier cinematography, Native Americans were portrayed in

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